We are writing an essay on history. How to write an essay on history

Hi all! Andrey Puchkov is in touch.

I held another free webinar for everyone, where I explained the basic principles of how to write an essay on history. This task of the Unified State Examination test number 25 causes traditional difficulties for applicants. I have been preparing guys for the Unified State Exam for a long time, for 9 years now, and therefore I saw the earliest versions of this task.

At that time, a historical essay was a historical portrait. Currently, this task has become more adequate and consists of writing an essay on one of the four historical periods that are offered to the graduate.

How does everyone write a historical essay?

Students usually think that a historical essay is something like a final literature essay in which you express your opinion. Just at the designated webinar, the guys conveyed this understanding.

That is, everything is written according to the usual scheme: introduction, main part, conclusion. As a result, the maximum they score is 4-5 points out of 11 possible... Yes, yes, guys, for a historical essay in the test today 11 primary points are given. This is a fifth of the entire work.

Why is the “school” method of writing such an essay rated by experts at 4-5 points? Because such work does not meet the evaluation criteria at all. You can find them in the demo test itself, which can be downloaded from the FIPI website. That is why the way everyone writes essays does not suit us - after all, we need maximum scores!

Here's how to write a history essay

As soon as I explained at the webinar that the history essay for the Unified State Exam 2018 must be completed according to a pre-drawn plan, questions immediately began to pour in. In one of them, a participant asked if there were any clichés for writing essays? Roughly speaking, is there any pattern for its implementation?

My friends, if you start writing a template essay, forget about high scores. First you need to learn to write an essay according to a plan, and not according to a template. It is used only if the student cannot cope on his own. Then the teacher can make such a sample, with missing parts of the text. Such a sample is written by the teacher himself for a specific student, taking into account his mistakes and his misunderstanding. After all, one may not understand what the historical process is. Another will confuse historical events with historical phenomena.

Such a sample may include both the text of the essay itself and a plan drawn up in advance by the teacher. In particular, we use this method in our preparation courses for the Unified State Exam in history .

In general, the webinar proposed the following scheme for completing task 25:

We draw up a plan based on a model for a given historical period: that is, we prescribe the historical processes and events that made them up.
Next, we write the text of the essay itself based on this plan.
We write a conclusion in which we use either our opinion about the period or the positions of different historians.

A sample of a well-executed essay you can

Remember that you need to constantly train to complete task 25 for maximum points. Moreover, you need to be constantly corrected by an experienced teacher. The guys in our courses are already writing essays using a more advanced method. And they write 11 points out of 11 on the real Unified State Examination.

Task 25 (11 points)

You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:

1) 1325–1462;

2) 1682–1725;

3) 1924–1953

The essay must:

- indicate at least two events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;

- name two historical figures whose activities are connected with these events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period in Russian history;

- indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that existed between events (phenomena, processes) within a given period of history.

Using knowledge of historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, give one historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia. During the presentation, it is necessary to use historical terms and concepts related to a given period.

In the case when historical events (phenomena, processes) are not indicated or all specified historical events (phenomena, processes) do not relate to the selected period, the answer is scored 0 points (for each of the criteria K1–K7 0 points are given

Criterion 1. Indication of events (phenomena, processes).

In the case where two events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated, 2 points are awarded.

If one event (phenomenon, process) is correctly indicated - 1 point.

If events (phenomena, processes) are not specified or are specified incorrectly, then 0 points are given.

Criterion 2. Mention of historical figures and their role in a given period of Russian history.

Scored from 2 to 0 points. In the case when two historical figures are correctly indicated, the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history is correctly indicated, 2 points are awarded.

If one or two historical figures are correctly indicated, the role of only one person in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history is correctly indicated, 1 point is given.

If one or two historical figures are correctly indicated, but their role in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history is indicated incorrectly, OR one or two historical figures are correctly indicated, but their role in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history is not is indicated, OR historical figures are indicated incorrectly, OR historical figures are not indicated, then 0 points are given.

Criterion 3. Causal relationships.

Scored from 0 to 2 points.

In the case where two cause-and-effect relationships that existed between events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated, 2 points are awarded.

If one cause-and-effect relationship that existed between events (phenomena, processes) is correctly indicated, then 1 point is given.

If the cause-and-effect relationships are indicated incorrectly, OR the cause-and-effect relationships are not indicated, then 0 points are given.

Criterion 4. Historical assessment of events .

Scored from 0 to 1 point.

If a historical assessment of the significance of the period is given based on historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, then 1 point is given.

If the historical assessment is formulated in a general form or at the level of everyday ideas, without involving historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, OR the historical assessment is not given, then 0 points are given.

Criterion 5. Use of historical terms and concepts .

Scored from 0 to 1 point.

If historical terms and concepts are used correctly in the presentation, then you can give 1 point.

If during the presentation there is an incorrect use of historical terms and concepts, OR historical terms and concepts are not used, then 0 points will be given.

Criterion 6. Presence of factual errors .

Scored from 0 to 2 points.

According to this criterion, positive points will be given only if at least 4 points are given according to criteria K1–K4.

When assessing according to criterion K6, errors taken into account when assigning points according to criteria K1–K5 are not counted.

If there are no factual errors in the historical essay, then 2 points are given.

If one factual error is made - 1 point. If two or more factual errors are made - 0 points.

Criterion 7. Form of presentation.

1 point according to criterion K7 can be given only if according to criteria K1–K4 a total of at least 4 points is given.

If the answer is presented in the form of a historical essay (a consistent, coherent presentation of the material), then it is given 1 point.

If the answer is presented in the form of separate fragmentary provisions - only 0 points.

In total, you can get up to 11 points for your essay.

Historical essay example

Let us give an example of a historical essay on the period 1645–1676.

In accordance with the requirements for the essay, let's start with the characteristics of the period (criterion K1).

"1645–1676 - this is the period of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. This tsar carried out many practical reforms in all spheres of the country's public life, which prepared the basis for the future reforms of Peter I. Let's name some of them. The country's legislative system was improved, a new set of laws was adopted - the Council Code (1649). This document established the legal formalization of serfdom. According to it, the search for fugitive peasants became indefinite, the peasants became the property of the owner forever, and fixed-term summers were eliminated. In addition, the Code reflected the process of formation of absolutism. It included a chapter regulating the attitude towards the sovereign and proclaiming the most severe punishments for the slightest offenses against the sovereign and the state. Thus, the adoption of the Council Code significantly strengthened the power of the tsar, strengthened the role of the nobles, and preserved and confirmed the significant role of the church in the state.”

In accordance with the evaluation criteria, this part of the essay provides a description of the first of the required two events (phenomena, processes) and sums up the development of this event (phenomenon, process) (criterion 1).

In accordance with criterion 2, it is necessary to talk about a historical figure associated with the event (phenomenon, process) described earlier, and show the role of this person in this event.

“Alexey Mikhailovich himself took an active part in the preparation of the Council Code. The Tsar observed the work of the cathedral and made his own adjustments to the legislation.

A major role in the work of the cathedral and in the drafting of legislation was played by the educator, the tsar’s “uncle”, the head of government, and boyar B.I., who was close to the tsar. Morozov. Despite the fact that after the Salt Riot of 1648 he was removed from official participation in government, he secretly continued to play a huge role at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich, including leading the preparation of the Council Code.”

In the essay it is necessary to mention at least two events (phenomena, processes), so let’s consider one more event.

“This historical period also went down in history under the name “schism of the Russian Orthodox Church.” The beginning of the schism dates back to 1654, when Patriarch Nikon began reforming the church. Nikon sought to unify church rituals, books, holidays, etc. But not all believers were ready to accept the new rules, and the so-called Old Believers, or schismatics, arose. Its essence was expressed in disagreement with the new church orders and the desire to adhere to the old, pre-reform rituals.

Despite the schism, church reforms led to the unification of the Russian Orthodox Church, strengthening the power and role of the church in the country. However, we must not forget that another consequence of the reforms was the separation of believers, which persisted for many centuries.”

In accordance with criterion 2, it is necessary to write about a historical figure associated with the second event (phenomenon, process) described earlier, and show the role of this person in this event, therefore it is necessary to talk about church figures who participated in the preparation and implementation of reforms.

“The central figures during the period of church schism were Patriarch Nikon and Archpriest Avvakum. Both were prominent spiritual figures in Russia, both were members of Alexei Mikhailovich’s inner circle, and both enjoyed enormous authority among believers. However, Avvakum did not accept Nikon’s desire to take Byzantine books and rituals as a model for the unification of books and rituals, but advocated that Rus' also had its own, Slavic Christian roots, which should have been taken as a model in the reform. Habakkuk demonstrated by personal example loyalty to his principles, defended adherence to antiquity, and laid the foundation for a schismatic movement.

Nikon first established himself as an active reformer, a supporter of the new, union of church and state. But later, his desire to put church power above secular power led to the fact that Alexei Mikhailovich stopped supporting him and even actively spoke out for Nikon’s resignation from the patriarchal throne, which happened in 1667. After which Nikon was sent into northern exile, where he spent the rest of my days."

In accordance with the requirements of criterion 3, cause-and-effect relationships between events should be established.

“There are undoubtedly cause-and-effect relationships between these events. Both events - the adoption of the Council Code and church reform - were dictated by common reasons: the aggravation of social contradictions in the country, the interest of the population in creating clear and precise laws, the need to strengthen the authority of secular and ecclesiastical authorities.

The consequence of these events was the strengthening of the central government, the strengthening of the influence of the church in the state, and the strengthening of the authority of Russia as a whole.”

In accordance with criterion 4, a historical assessment of the period should be made based on facts and the opinions of historians.

“Alexey Mikhailovich ruled for a long period - 31 years. During his reign, many reforms were carried out in almost all spheres of public life. But his reign cannot be assessed unambiguously.

On the one hand, a significant step forward has been made in economic development. Elements of capitalist relations began to develop faster in the country, foreign specialists began to be attracted more often, the tax system changed, and a policy of protectionism was pursued. The Council Code became the main legislation of the country for many decades. Significant successes were achieved in foreign policy: peace treaties were signed with many countries (for example, the Peace of Kardis in 1661 with Sweden, the Truce of Andrusovo with Poland in 1667), the reunification of Russia and Ukraine took place in 1654, and Russia’s territories in the East were significantly expanded (exploration of Eastern Siberia by Russian pioneers and traders).

But, on the other hand, it was under Alexei Mikhailovich that serfdom was finally formalized (1649), and the tax burden on the country’s population increased significantly. Many social protests took place (for example, the Salt Riot of 1648, the Copper Riot of 1662, the first peasant war led by Stepan Razin of 1670–1671, etc.).

The figure of Alexei Mikhailovich itself is also ambiguously assessed by domestic and foreign historians, both past and present.

The image of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in historiography is quite contradictory. In addition, assessing the personality of Alexei Mikhailovich often becomes an attempt to justify the nickname “the quietest” assigned to him. This characteristic quickly became almost the only indisputable assessment of the ruler’s personal qualities.

In the study by S.M. Solovyov’s “History from Ancient Times”, almost three volumes are devoted to the reign of the Tsar, but the author did not consider the personality of the ruler himself to be fateful for Russian history. If we talk about how Solovyov himself evaluates Alexei Mikhailovich, then the tsar, from his point of view, was distinguished by “kindness” and “gentleness,” like his father, Mikhail Fedorovich.

A more detailed description of the king is given by V.O. Klyuchevsky: “I am ready to see in him the best man of Ancient Rus', at least I don’t know another ancient Russian person who would make a more pleasant impression - but not on the throne.” This “best” person, according to Klyuchevsky, was passive and unstable, little able to “defend or carry out anything,” “easily lost his composure and gave excessive scope to his tongue and hands.”

From the point of view of S.F. Platonova, Alexey Mikhailovich “was a wonderful and noble, but too soft and indecisive person.”

Modern historian Igor Andreev uses this epithet in his research on almost every page and several times. “Undoubtedly, heroic tragedy is not his genre. The Quiet One, he is the Quiet One,” he states on the first pages of the monograph dedicated to the Tsar. This epithet turned out to be capable of displacing even the name of the king and taking his place. There is a well-known historical novel about Tsar V. Bakhrevsky called “The Quietest”, a novel by V.Ya. Svetlova “At the Court of the Quiet Emperor”.

In general, the era of Alexei Mikhailovich is a period of strengthening absolutism, creating the preconditions for the reforms of Peter the Great.”

Sequencing

To conclude our brief overview of the features of working on the new task 25, we would like to recommend a short template, using which it is easier to build a certain sequence of actions for yourself.

___ (required period) is the period of ___'s reign. This king (prince, ruler) carried out many transformations ___. I will name the most important of them.

Event (phenomenon, process) No. 1 + result.

Event (phenomenon, process) No. 2 + result.

A historical figure associated with this event (phenomenon, process), and her role.

Let's consider what cause-and-effect relationships exist between these events (phenomena, processes) during the reign of ___. Both events - ___ and ___ - were dictated by common reasons: ___.

The results of these events (that is, their consequences) were ___, ___, ___.

Ruled for a long time - ___ years. His reign cannot be assessed unambiguously.

On the one side, ___.

But in other way, ___.

The figure of ___ itself is also ambiguously assessed by domestic and foreign historians, both past and present. The image of ___ in historiography is quite contradictory.

The reign of ___ as a whole became a period of ___.

In accordance with the requirements for the essay, let's start with the characteristics of the period (criterion K1).

In accordance with criterion 2, it is necessary to talk about a historical figure associated with the event (phenomenon, process) described earlier, and show the role of this person in this event.

“Alexey Mikhailovich himself took an active part in the preparation of the Council Code. The Tsar observed the work of the cathedral and made his own adjustments to the legislation. A major role in the work of the cathedral and in the drafting of legislation was played by the educator, the tsar’s “uncle”, the head of government, and boyar B.I., who was close to the tsar. Morozov. Despite the fact that after the Salt Riot of 1648 he was removed from official participation in government, he secretly continued to play a huge role at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich, including leading the preparation of the Council Code.”

In the essay it is necessary to mention at least two events (phenomena, processes), so let’s consider one more event.

In accordance with the requirements of criterion 3, cause-and-effect relationships between events should be established.

In accordance with criterion 4, a historical assessment of the period should be made based on facts and the opinions of historians.

“Alexey Mikhailovich ruled for a long period - 31 years. During his reign, many reforms were carried out in almost all spheres of public life. But his reign cannot be assessed unambiguously.

The figure of Alexei Mikhailovich itself is also ambiguously assessed by domestic and foreign historians, both past and present.

From the point of view of S.F. Platonova, Alexey Mikhailovich “was a wonderful and noble, but too soft and indecisive person.”

In general, the era of Alexei Mikhailovich is a period of strengthening absolutism, creating the preconditions for the reforms of Peter the Great.”

Sequencing

An essay on history is written on a certain significant stage in history. This could be the period of reign of a monarch, a war, or the cycle of activity of a social movement. For example, in tests you can find the following date: October 1917 - October 1922. This is the period of the Civil War, which means it will be the topic of the essay.

Requirements for an essay on history in the Unified State Examination

Before you start writing your essay, you should carefully read requirements to him.

In the 2019 demo version on the Unified State Exam developers website www.fipi.ru we read what is required in the essay (quote):

Indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;
Name two historical figures whose activities are connected with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the personalities you named in these events (phenomena, processes). Attention! When characterizing the role of each person you named, you must indicate the specific actions of this person that significantly influenced the course and (or) result of these events;
Indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships characterizing the causes of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;
Using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period on the further history of Russia;
During the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms and concepts related to a given period.

History essay plan

Based on the stated requirements, history essay plan could be like this:

Brief description of the period (you should give a name to what is hidden under the date: war, period of government, revolution, etc.).
Disclosure of the first significant event (phenomenon, process) that happened in a given period. Here the causes and consequences of this event should be mentioned, as well as the person associated with the event and his specific affairs.
Disclosure of the second significant event (phenomenon, process) that happened in a given period. It should be mentioned here the causes and consequences of this second event, as well as indicate the person associated with the event and his specific affairs.
Assessing the significance of this period for the history of the country.

When disclosing the first and second events, indicate cause-and-effect relationships. In other words, explain and name the causes and results of reforms, wars, riots, revolutions and other facts.

Remember that there may be more than two indicated events and personalities in the essay. The main thing in an essay is to comprehensively reveal the content and significance of the selected period of history.

Analysis of an essay on history

Now let's look at a specific essay example, written according to the plan we proposed and will analyze it.

Period of Russian history: 1928 - 1940

The first point of our plan says:"Brief characteristics of the period." We do:

The years indicated cover the period of Joseph Stalin’s sole rule until the start of the Great Patriotic War. These were the years of industrialization, collectivization, terror and preparation for war.

The second point of our plan:"Disclosure of the first significant event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in a given period. Here the causes and consequences of this event should be mentioned, as well as the person associated with the event and his specific affairs should be indicated."

In 1929, the policy of industrialization began in the USSR. Industrialization is the modernization of industrial production, the creation of heavy industry in the country, new industries that meet the requirements of the time.

The reason for industrialization was the technical backwardness of the USSR, as well as the need to gain economic independence from Western countries. The results of industrialization were amazing: during the first three five-year plans of industrialization, a huge number of new enterprises, roads and industries appeared in the country, the country reached a new economic level.

Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (lived 1895-1978) took an important part in the events of industrialization. During this period, Mikoyan served as commissar of supplies and minister of foreign trade. He was involved in trade, food industry, and supply. In the food industry, Mikoyan introduced several revolutionary things: 1) he laid the foundation for “refrigeration technology” (not “refrigerators in every home”, that would come later, but a new way of preparing and storing food products, 2) introduced canning production technology and 3) conveyor technology production of semi-finished products.

Third point of the plan:"Disclosure of the second significant event (phenomenon, process) that happened in a given period. Here the causes and consequences of this second event should be mentioned, as well as the person associated with the event and his specific affairs should be indicated."

To maintain high rates of industrialization, the USSR government resorted to various kinds of non-economic methods of coercion. This is the organization of the Stakhanov movement, on the one hand, and the use of slave labor of Gulag prisoners, on the other.

The reasons for the Stalinist mass repressions that unfolded precisely in the 1930s were Stalin’s desire to rid the country of all people who in one way or another aroused distrust and were suspected of disapproving of the course taken by the country. The consequences of the repression were the ruined lives of a huge number of innocent people, as well as the formation in society of an atmosphere of fear and lack of freedom, internal and external.
The year of the apogee of repression is called 1937. The head of the NKVD, and therefore the leader of the policy of repression, was Nikolai Ivanov Yezhov.

He was involved in coordinating and carrying out repressions against persons suspected of anti-Soviet activities. Yezhov began with the “cleansing” of the state security agencies themselves, then switched to other categories of citizens. Under Yezhov, so-called orders appeared with the exact number of people who needed to be repressed in one or another part of the country. In 1938, Yezhov was relieved of his post. In 1939 he was arrested, accused of preparing a coup d'etat and sentenced to death.

Fourth point of the plan:"Assessment of the significance of this period for the history of the country."

Historians assess this period as a time of strengthening of the totalitarian system and Stalin’s personal power in the country. The heavy industry created thanks to industrialization helped the USSR fight the Great Patriotic War, but repressions bled the country dry and also destroyed the command staff of the army, which caused the future failure of the war in its initial period. Collectivization laid the foundation for a future global crisis in agriculture. People living at that time received serious psychological trauma, which had a serious impact on the formation of the people's mentality.

An example of a real Unified State Exam essay on history that received the highest score in the exam (11 points)

These are the years of the reign of Alexander III, who was nicknamed the peacemaker because under him the Russian Empire did not wage wars. Alexander III came to the throne as a result of the fact that his father, Alexander II the Liberator, was killed by members of the revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya. Later, the main conspirators (Perovskaya, Rysakov) were executed.

Alexander III was a conservative. His policy was aimed at combating revolutionary organizations and sentiments. At the very beginning of his reign, in 1881, for this purpose, the “Regulations on measures to protect state order and public peace” were published. He also introduced strict censorship and expanded the secret police network.

Economic figures such as Bunge, Vyshnegradsky and Witte act under the emperor. Witte's activities occurred mainly during the reign of Nicholas II, but he took his position under Alexander III. Bunge took a serious step - the abolition of the poll tax. He also reduced redemption payments. These actions helped calm peasant discontent. Largely thanks to the above figures, the Russian economy continued to prosper.

In foreign policy, Alexander III chose a peaceful course. The diplomat Giers, who actively participated in international affairs, especially stood out. Through diplomacy, he dissuaded the German government from attacking France, which delayed the start of the First World War and gave the Russian Empire the opportunity to increase its military potential, which Emperor Nicholas II subsequently did not take advantage of, which was largely the reason for the failures during the First World War and that in turn, resulted in the February Revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy. Also in foreign policy, two blocs are finally formed: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Entente (Russia, France, England).

Despite strict censorship and a tough fight against the revolutionary movement, the time of his reign cannot be called unfavorable for the country. Under him, the population breathed a sigh of relief, since men did not go to war. The economy continued to flourish. The peasantry did not rebel because the government tried to help them. In foreign policy, Russia took its place on the side of the Entente, an opponent of Germany’s aggressive plans. The reign of Alexander III prepared a worthy ground for the transition to a new century.

Criteria for evaluating history essays in the Unified State Examination

There are seven evaluation criteria in total. The maximum number of points that can be obtained for an essay is 11.

K1. Indication of events, phenomena

2 points: two events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated.

K2. Historical figures and their role in these events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of history

2 points: two historical figures are correctly indicated, the role of each of these personalities is correctly characterized, indicating their specific actions, which significantly influenced the course and (or) result of the named events (phenomena, processes) of the period in Russian history under consideration.

K3. Cause-and-effect relationships (cause-and-effect relationships named when indicating the role of the individual and counted according to criterion K2 are not counted)

2 points: two cause-and-effect relationships are correctly indicated that characterize the causes of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period.

K4. Assessment of the influence of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia

1 point: an assessment is made of the influence of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia, based on historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians.

K5. Use of historical terminology

1 point: historical terminology is used correctly in the presentation.

K6. Presence of factual errors

2 points: there are no factual errors in the historical essay

! 1 and 2 points for this criterion can be awarded only if, according to criteria K1-K4, a total of at least 4 points is assigned !

K7. Form of presentation

1 point: the answer is presented in the form of a historical essay (a consistent, coherent presentation of the material).

! 1 point for this criterion canbe awarded only if, according to criteria K1-K4, a total of at least 4 points is given!

If the criteria are not fully met, then the rates are reduced.

Video about personalities for essays on the period 1894-1917.

What will help you write a good essay?:

Knowledge of all dates of reign of the heads of the Russian state, memorization of the names of the rulers and their sequence ()
Knowledge of the dates of all major reforms, wars and uprisings ().
Knowledge of all important personalities for the history of the country, their lifetime and contribution to the development of the state, its science and culture ().

Task No. 25 in the Unified State Examination in history (historical essay) is certainly one of the most difficult exam tasks. In this article we will tell you how to correctly write a historical essay for the Unified State Exam 2019 for the maximum score.

In this assignment, students are offered three periods of Russian history to choose from:

You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history: 1) 1019–1054; 2) March 1801 – May 1812; 3) October 1917 – October 1922

One of the periods always refers to the ancient history of Rus' and the Middle Ages, the second to New History (from the end of the 17th century) and the last to Contemporary History (20th century). You need to write an essay about one of these periods, strictly taking into account its chronological framework.

Complete list of all periods of historical writings

How to write an Unified State Exam essay on history?

When writing a historical essay, follow our essay writing algorithm.

Algorithm for working on a historical essay on the Unified State Exam:

1. Choose the most suitable period that you know best.
2. Determine whose reign it belongs to.
3. Remember the historical events that occurred at this time; identify the most important and minor ones.
4. Remember the historical figures who lived at this time, their role and influence on the events you cited above.
5. Identify cause-and-effect relationships between two events.
6. Identify the reasons for the events occurring during this period.
7. Compose it, it should be logically divided into several paragraphs.
8. Write an essay based on a plan and prepared information.
9. Write a conclusion to the essay, where we evaluate the selected period.
10. We check and finalize the essay.

Historical essay is one of the most difficult tasks of the Unified State Exam.

To better structure your essay, use common phrases and cliches and constructions from

1) Use historical terminology. Terms related to a given historical period are required to receive a score on one of the assessment criteria!