Where was Paul Cezanne born. Paul Cezanne short biography
Paul Cezanne was a famous impressionist. His work "The House of the Hanged Man" has only one purpose - to make a certain impression on the viewer. Based on the title of the work, it becomes clear that the picture should be repulsive. Nobody likes [...]
The famous French painter Cezanne became famous for his famous still lifes. The artist was more attracted to fruits, especially apples, which in his opinion had an excellent shape and color. Depicting fruits and vegetables, the artist achieved a qualitatively new [...]
Early Cezanne worked mainly with dark tones. He was inspired by the paintings of such painters as Courbet, Delacroix and Daumier. In 1870, the artist creates Modern Olympia. Edward had a huge influence on the writing of this painting [...]
Paul Cezanne is a great French painter, one of the largest representatives of Post-Impressionism. In this picture, the artist seeks to show his rich inner world to all the people who surround him, the whole gamut of human character. Looking at […]
The painting was painted in 1895 in oil on canvas. Cezanne is a great French painter who lived in Provence at the turn of the century. He was a representative of post-impressionism. He painted landscapes and was famous for his portraits. His […]
This famous work of Cézanne won the hearts of more than one viewer. The symphonic depth of the still life, combined with the subtle masterful detailing of the most everyday objects (tablecloths, kitchen utensils, fruits and carpet), is striking in its beauty. […]
Cezanne is called a post-impressionist - learning from the Impressionists, spending time in their company, participating in their exhibitions for some time, he still remained himself, without acquiring the habits typical of his colleagues. To mature [...]
The painting belongs to the brush of Paul Cézanne, who lived and worked simultaneously with the Impressionists. At the same time, the artistic searches of Cezanne and the impressionist painters (such as Monet, Seurat) were very different. The creator of "The Smoker" was not interested in the need to transfer [...]
Paul Cezanne was born on January 19, 1839 in the old French town of Aix-en-Provence. The only son of a rude and greedy father, Paul, had practically nothing to do with painting in childhood, but in other areas he received a very good education. Studying was easy and effective for him. He constantly received school awards in Latin and Greek, in mathematics.
Drawing and painting were included in the course of compulsory disciplines, but in his younger years Paul did not win special laurels in this field. It is noteworthy that the annual college drawing prize went to a classmate of young Cézanne - future classic Emile Zola. It is worth noting that two outstanding Frenchmen managed to carry a strong childhood friendship throughout their lives. And the choice of life path was almost completely determined by Emil's friendly advice.
In 1858, Cezanne passed the exams for a bachelor's degree at the University of Aix, entering the law school operating at the university. Completely devoid of interest in jurisprudence, young Paul was forced to do so at the insistence of his powerful parent. For two years he "suffered" in this school, and during this time a decision was firmly formed in him to devote himself to painting.
The son and father managed to reach a compromise - Louis Auguste equipped his son with a workshop, where he, in between his legal practice, could devote time to studying artistic skills under the guidance of local artist Joseph Gibert.
In 1861, the father still sent his son to Paris for real painting training. Visiting the Atelier Swiss, the impressionable Paul Cézanne, influenced by the local artists, quickly moved away from the academic manner and began to search for his own style.
Returning briefly to Aix, Paul then followed his friend Zola to the capital again. He is trying to enter the Ecole-de-Beauzar, but the examiners considered the work presented to him as too "violent", which, however, was not so far from reality.
However, 23 is an age full of hope, and Cezanne, not too upset, continued to write. Every year he presented his creations at the Salon. But the demanding jury rejected all of the artist's paintings. The bruised pride forced Cezanne to plunge deeper into work, gradually developing his own style. Some recognition, along with other Impressionists, came to Cézanne in the mid-70s. Several wealthy bourgeois have acquired several of his works.
In 1869, Marie-Hortense Fiquet became Paul's wife. They lived together for forty years. Cezanne with his wife and son Paul constantly moved from place to place, until, finally, in 1885, Ambroise Vollard organized a solo exhibition of the artist. But the debts associated with the death of his mother are forcing the artist to sell the family estate. At the turn of the century, he opens his own studio, continuing to work tirelessly at the same time, until October 22, 1906, pneumonia interrupts his difficult and fruitful life.
Paul Cézanne (fr. Paul Cézanne; 1839-1906) is a French painter-painter, a prominent representative of Post-Impressionism.
Cezanne was born in Aix-en-Provence on January 19, 1839. He was the only son of a domineering father and grew up in quiet Aix-en-Provence, the old provincial capital of southern France, 15 miles inland from Marseille. The artist's father, Louis-Auguste Cezanne, self-confident and assertive, went to Paris to study the craft of hat. Returning to Aix after several years of apprenticeship, he invested his savings in the wholesale and retail trade of hats, succeeded in doing so, and eventually began to lend money to manufacturers of hat felt. Soon this "coarse and greedy" man - as he was remembered by Cézanne's childhood friends - became the most successful usurer in Aix.
As a child, Cezanne had little understanding of good painting, but in many other respects he received an excellent education. After graduating from high school, he attended St. Joseph's School and then studied at the College Bourbon from 13 to 19 years old. His education was fully consistent with the tradition and social and religious requirements of the time. Cezanne studied well and received many awards in mathematics, Latin and Greek. Throughout his subsequent life, he enthusiastically read classical authors, wrote Latin and French poetry, and until his last days was able to quote from memory whole pages from Apuleius, Virgil and Lucretius.
From an early age, Cezanne was drawn to art, but at first glance did not have any pronounced talents. Drawing was a compulsory subject at both St. Joseph's School and the Bourbon College, and at the age of 15 he began attending a free drawing academy. However, the annual prize for drawing at Cezanne College never received - in 1857 it was awarded to the best friend of the young Paul - Emile Zola.
Cezanne's artistic heritage is more than 800 oil works, not counting watercolors and other works. No one can count the number of works destroyed as imperfect by the artist himself over the years of his long career. In the Parisian Autumn Salon of 1904, an entire room was set aside for the display of Cézanne's paintings. This exhibition became the first real success, moreover, the artist's triumph.
Cezanne's works bear the imprint of the artist's inner life. They are filled with internal energy of attraction and repulsion. Contradictions were originally characteristic of both the artist's psychic world and his artistic aspirations. In the everyday life of Cezanne, the southern temperament was combined with seclusion and asceticism, piety - with attempts to free oneself from the religious traditions that were constraining the temperament. Confident in his genius, Cezanne was nevertheless eternally obsessed with the fear that he would not find exact means of expressing what he saw and wanted to express in a painting by means of painting. He always kept repeating about the inability to "realize" his own vision, all the time doubted that he could do it, and each new picture became both a refutation and confirmation of this.
Cezanne, obviously, was characterized by many fears and phobias, and his unstable character found refuge and salvation in the work of a painter. Perhaps it was this circumstance that was the main reason for such a fanatical work by Cezanne on his paintings. Doubtful and unsociable, Cezanne in his work became a whole and strong person. Creativity healed him all the more from his own insurmountable spiritual contradictions, the more intense and constant it was.
In his mature years, the feeling of his own psychological contradictions and the inconsistency of the world around him was gradually replaced in the work of Cezanne by a feeling not so much of contradiction as of the mysterious complexity of the world. The contradictions receded into the background, and the understanding of the brevity of the language of being itself came to the fore. But if this language is laconic, there is a chance to express it in a certain number of basic signs or forms. It was at this stage that the best, most profound and meaningful works of Cézanne arose.
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Intelligence and passion, poise and impulse, harmony and expression of individuality.
He tried to reconcile the classics and modernity, although, as you know, freedom and the canon are "two incompatible things." Classicism asserted the laws of stability and balance, which largely corresponded to the laws of the existing world. Cezanne also believed that order, not chaos, lies at the heart of being, and creative power builds harmony out of chaos.
This belief explains the negative attitude of Cezanne to the painting of many of his contemporaries: Gauguin, Van Gogh, Seurat and others precisely because he saw in their works the preponderance of arbitrariness, his own vision of the world over the search for the basic laws of its real existence. A prominent representative of post-impressionism, Cezanne was opposed to the decorative approach in painting, because decorativeness, in his opinion, removed volume from painting, depriving the space of a three-dimensional painting, which Cezanne considered the greatest achievement of the Renaissance. Cézanne called Gauguin's works "painted Chinese pictures."
P. Cezanne "Bathers" (1906). Canvas, oil. 201.5 x 250.8 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art (USA)
Later, Cezanne began to take a great interest in watercolors and transferred some techniques of watercolor painting to oil painting: he began to paint on white, specially unprimed canvases. The paint layer on these canvases has become lighter, highlighting from the inside. Cezanne began to limit himself to three colors: green, blue and ocher, mixed with the white color of the canvas itself. With this minimum of funds, he achieved the maximum artistic result.
From the biography of Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
P. Cezanne. Self-portrait (1875)
French artist Paul Cézanne was born in the provincial city of Aix-en-Provence in southern France on January 19, 1839. His father was a hat merchant, and Cézanne was the only son of a domineering father (there were 2 more daughters in the family). Then his father became a co-owner of a city bank.
Cezanne received a good education, especially excelling in mathematics, Latin and Greek.
Cezanne was always interested in art, but did not show any bright talents. Drawing was a compulsory subject both at school and at the College, and from the age of 15 he began to attend a free drawing academy.
The father wanted to see his son as a lawyer, but nevertheless let him go to Paris in 1861 to study painting and even assigned him a modest allowance.
In Paris, Cezanne began to study at the Suisse Academy, where anyone could enter, paying a small fee for nature and overhead costs. Camille Pissarro, one of the founders of Impressionism, managed to see his modest talent so far. The young man in Paris was also supported by Emile Zola, his classmate. In 1886 this friendship ended abruptly. Zola published the novel "Creativity", the protagonist of which, a failed artist, was copied from Cézanne. Since then, Cezanne and Zola never spoke or saw each other again.
But at that time, Cézanne very much doubted his talent and left Paris for his native Aix, joining his father's bank.
Cézanne's banking service was a burden, and he set himself the goal of becoming an artist. In November 1862 he returned to Paris again.
P. Cezanne "Girl at the Piano (Overture to" Tannhäuser ")" (1868) Oil on canvas. 57.8 x 92.5 cm. State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg)
The painting was painted on the Cézanne family estate near Aix-en-Provence. The artist's sister is depicted at the piano, and the mother at sewing.
Composer Richard Wagner was a symbol of innovation in music at that time, Cezanne loved his work.
The restrained and tense color scheme of the picture is built on the contrast of black and white, which creates a positive mood. The material world of the picture is balanced by the unity of people and objects of the image. Cezanne's impressionism was completely different, with its own view of the world.
In 1869 Cézanne met Marie-Hortense Fiquet, who worked part-time by posing. She was 19 years old. In 1872, Hortense gave birth to Cézanne's son, also named Paul. For a long time, the artist hid the fact of creating a family from his father, although his mother knew everything and adored her grandson.
The artist decided to leave Paris and moved with his family to the picturesque town of Pontoise. After 2 years, the family returned to Paris, and this was the time when Cezanne was defined as an artist. He began to paint in an impressionistic manner, took part in the first (1874) and third (1877) exhibitions of the impressionists. In the same year, Cézanne formalized his marriage to Hortense. The wedding ceremony took place in Aix, and the artist's father was present, which meant their reconciliation. And in the fall, the father died, leaving his son a large inheritance. 47-year-old Cézanne got the opportunity, without worrying about their daily bread, to completely surrender to painting in the last 20 years of his life.
Confession
Cézanne's works were sometimes exhibited in Paris and other cities, but it was not necessary to talk about true recognition until 1895, when the young collector Ambroise Vollard organized a large solo exhibition of Cézanne (about 150 works). The general public met this exhibition sluggishly, but the young artists were shocked by what they saw, and Cézanne became almost a legend.
In 1901, the artist bought a piece of land on the northern outskirts of Aix and set up a studio there. In 1906, while working in nature, he was caught in a heavy rain. Returning with heavy equipment over hilly terrain in a thunderstorm, he fell on the road and was brought home unconscious. A week later, the artist died of pneumonia.
Creation
P. Cezanne. Still life. Vase, glass and apples (1880)
Cezanne's works express the inner life of the artist. Contradictions have always been characteristic of Cezanne: on the one hand, he believed in his talent, and on the other, he constantly doubted his ability to find means of expressing what he saw and wanted to express in the picture. Perhaps this circumstance was the main reason for Cezanne's fanatical work on his paintings. In mature years, the contradictions receded into the background, and the understanding of the brevity of the language of being itself came to the fore. It was at this stage that the best, most profound and meaningful works of Cézanne arose.
P. Cezanne "Pierrot and Harlequin" (1888-1890). Canvas, oil. 102 x 81 cm. State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin (Moscow)
This is the most famous painting by Cézanne.
Pierrot and Harlequin are traditional characters of the Italian commedia dell'arte (a type of Italian folk (areal) theater, performances of which were created by improvisation, based on a script containing a short plot scheme of the performance, with the participation of actors wearing masks). Cezanne posed for his son Paul (Harlequin) with his friend Louis Guillaume (Pierrot). Pierrot's white figure appears to be made of plaster. Harlequin's red and black leotard symbolizes the fire on the coals. The different arrangement of colored curtains on the right and left emphasizes the forward movement of the Harlequin and the more static position of Pierrot.
The plot of the picture is connected with festivities on Maslenitsa, but there is not even a hint of a holiday on the canvas: the figures and facial expressions are more like puppets. The characters are just going to take part in the theatrical performance dedicated to Maslenitsa.
Cezanne carefully worked out the small details of the picture and the faces of the characters, which in general is not typical for his work.
P. Cezanne "Still Life with Draperies" (1895). Canvas, oil. 55 x 74.5 cm.State Hermitage (Petersburg)
In this painting, Cezanne depicted a fabric with floral ornaments, a white jug painted with flowers, apples and oranges on two plates, a crumpled light tablecloth and a crumpled translucent napkin ... The table seems to be convex and raised by one edge. Art critic A. Dubeshko notes: "Cezanne deliberately allows such a violation in the future as a sign of rejection of the usual academic still life, where all objects are viewed from the same angle."
But the canvas gives the impression of the integrity of the material world.
P. Cezanne "The Card Players"
This is a series of 5 paintings by Paul Cézanne, painted by him in the period 1890-1895. The pictures differ in the number of players and the size. 4 paintings are kept in museums in Europe and America, and the fifth one was kept in a private collection until recently, until it was bought by the Qatari authorities for the national museum.
1890-1892 Canvas, oil. 65.4 x 81.9 cm.Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York)
1890-1892 134.6 x 180.3 cm.Barnes Foundation (Philadelphia)
1892-1893 97 by 130 cm.Family collection of the Emir of Qatar
1892-1895 60 × 73 cm. Courtauld Institute of Art (London)
1894-1895 47 × 56.5 cm.Museum Orsay (Paris)
The theme of the card game is traditional for fine arts.
Cézanne's painting can be attributed to the genre genre, but its content is higher and more significant than the depiction of the everyday scene in a tavern.
Cezanne has always been absorbed in great inner work, strived for spiritual perfection, never treated people disrespectfully or indifferently. He values \u200b\u200blife as being and seeks to convey in his works all the components of this being: movement, peace, concentration, tension. “Here are the people,” - as if Cezanne says in the painting “The Card Players”. And this is enough, he does not want to further develop the narrative (K. Bohemskaya).
P. Cezanne "The Marne" (1888). Canvas, oil. 65.5 x 81.3 cm.State Hermitage (Petersburg)
The painting was painted in Chantilly (Northern France). It depicts a lonely two-story manor house with a turret on the banks of the river Marne. The house is surrounded by poplars and willows, which are reflected in the water.
Cezanne believed that his paintings should not be described, looking for some kind of theory or philosophy in them. He did not want intermediaries between his picture and the viewer. The main thing is to look and perceive what is depicted.
We will try to hear from the artist.
From early childhood, Paul was a friend of Emile Zola, who from time to time supported the work of Cézanne. In 1861, the artist went to Paris, where he met with Camille Pissarro. The renowned impressionist influenced Cézanne's development as an artist. Paul divided his time between Provence and Paris until his departure for Aix in 1899.
Paul Cézanne's early work is marked by the frequent use of a palette knife (spatula). So Paul created densely textured, highly deformed forms, fantastic, mythical scenes. Such impulsive painting also manifested itself in subsequent styles of the artist, as if anticipating the expressionist style of the 20th century.
Cezanne got acquainted with the work of Monet and other impressionist artists. After 1870, he became interested in using color to convey perspective. However, the steady, diffused light in his works is extremely far from the impressionistic manner of transitional lighting effects.
The painting "House of the Hanged Man" (1873-1874, Louvre) characterizes this period in the biography of Cézanne. He exhibited his work in group shows in 1874, but later moved away from the Impressionist style, developing a strong structure for his canvases.
Cézanne tried to find a "restored nature" by simplifying forms to basic geometric equivalents, using light and a significant distortion of the essence of the landscape. For example, "Mont Sainte-Victoir" (Phillips Collection Museum, Washington), still life "The Kitchen Table" (1888-1890, Louvre), composition "The Card Players" (1890-1892). His portraits, as it were, explore the life traits of the heroes. For example, the work "Madame Cezanne" (1885), "Ambroise Vollard".
In his biography, Paul Cezanne developed a new type of spatial patterns. Instead of the standard focusing on perspective, he depicted objects from changing vantage points. Cezanne created an oscillating system effect by playing with perpendicular planes, gently moving tones and colors.
In all of Cézanne's works, reverence for the purity, dignity of simple forms is revealed by depicting them with an almost classical structural stability. His Bathers (1898–1905, Philadelphia Museum of Art) is a monumental reproduction of Cézanne's many visual systems.
The later works of Paul Cézanne in most cases are still lifes, figures of men, periodically natural objects. Among these works, a still life with apples is famous. Trying to maintain a solid foundation, the artist seemed freer and more spontaneous in his works. He applied more transparent effects than in his earlier works. Cezanne used oil paints, watercolors, and drawing media, often making several variations of the work.
The influence of Cezanne on the further direction of the development of art, mainly cubism, is colossal. His theories spawned a new school of aesthetic criticism, especially in England. It is this fact that elevates the biography of Paul Cézanne above other French masters of that time. The collection of his paintings is presented in the Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Barnes Foundation Museum in the city of Merion.
