Arguments for writing on the exam in Russian. References for writing inability to find application

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In texts to prepare for the exam, we have repeatedly met the problem of egoism in various manifestations, each of which is the title on our list. They selected literary arguments from foreign and domestic books. All of them are available for download in the form of a table, reference at the end of the selection.

  1. In the modern world, the trend of egoism is increasingly gaining momentum. However, it should not be argued that this problem did not exist earlier. One of the classic examples may be Larra - the hero of the legend from the story M. Gorky "Old Man Izergil". He is the son of an eagle and earthly woman, because of what he considers himself smarter, stronger and better than others. In his behavior, disrespect for others and, in particular, to the elder generation. Apogiya His behavior reaches when Larra kills the daughter of one of the elders because of the fact that the girl refused to satisfy his whim. He is immediately punished and expelled. After the time, the hero, isolated from society, begins to experience unbearable loneliness. Larra returns to people, but too late, and they do not accept it back. Since then, he wanders lonely shadow on the ground, because God punished the pride of eternal life in exile.
  2. IN novella Jack London "In the distant edge" Egoism is equal to instinct. Here it is told about Wezerby and Catfert, by chance the remaining alone in the north. They went to the distant edges to look for gold and forced to wait for a harsh winter together in an old hut. After the expiration of time, real natural egoism begins to manifest. Ultimately, the heroes lose the struggle for survival, yielding to their lowest desires. They kill each other in the most severe struggle for a sugar cup.

Egoism as a disease

  1. Two more centuries ago, the great classics described the problem of egoism. Evgeny Onegin is the protagonist of the eponymous novel, written by A.S. PushkinIs a bright representative of people sick "Russian Handrea". He is not interested in the opinion of others, he misses everything happens around. Because of his cowardice and irresponsibility, the poet Lensky dies, and his insensitiveness insults the feelings of a young nobility. Of course, he is not hopeless, at the end of the novel, Eugene is aware of his love for Tatiana. However, too late. And the girl rejects him, remaining the right husband. As a result, he himself encourages himself to suffer until the end of his days. Even his desire to become lovers of married and respected by all Tatiana gives its egoistic motives, from which he cannot even get rid of love.
  2. Egoism is similar to some kind of illness, he destroys a person from the inside and does not allow him to adequately interact with the surrounding people. Grigory Pechorin, which is a central character in roman M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time", constantly pushes from yourself the dear heart of people. Pechorin easily understands the human nature, and this skill plays with him a cruel joke. Momoving himself above and smarter than others, Gregory thus shields ourselves from society. The hero often plays with people, provokes them to different actions. One of these cases ends with the death of his buddy, the other - the tragic death of his beloved girl. A man understands this, regrets, but can not lose the shackles of the disease.

Self-respecting Egoista

  1. A vivid example of a selfish person is a hero roman F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", Rodion Raskolnikov. He, like many of his acquaintances, lives poorly and blames all over. At one point, he is decided to kill the old woman who is a percentage to take away her money and distribute them to the poor citizens, freeing them from debt obligations towards Alena Ivanovna. The hero is not thinking about the immorality of his acts. On the contrary, he is sure that this is for the good purpose. But in fact, he only wants to test himself and check, to which type of people he can attribute himself: to the "quarrels trembling" or to "right having". Still, violating one of the commandments because of selfish desire, the hero acquires himself for loneliness and spiritual torments. The pride dazzles him, and only Sonya Marmeladov helps the Raskolnikov again stand up true. Without her help, he would surely come down with the mind of the Mukh conscience.
  2. Despite the fact that sometimes a person passes all moral and legal boundaries for the sake of achieving its selfish goals, we are experiencingly to experience the flour of conscience. So one of the heroes of the poem A.N. Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia" Realized his wrong. The peasant Yermil Girin uses his head of the head to release his brother from the recruitous service. Instead, he records another village village. Understanding that he ruined the life of a person and his family, he regrets his selfish act. His feeling of guilt is so great that he is even ready to commit suicide. However, he rises in time and takes his sin, trying to cherish the guilt.

    3. Female egoism

    1. Egoistic people are always not enough of what they have. They always want to have something more. Material benefits for them is a way of self-affirmation. Heroine fairy tales A.S. Pushkin "About Fisherman and Fish" Not satisfied with his life in poverty. When her husband catches "Goldfish", a woman needs only a new trough. However, with each time she wants more, and ultimately the old woman wants to become a maritus. Easy mining and selfish morals overshadow the old woman's mind, because of what ultimately she loses everything and again it turns out to be broken trough. Magic power punishes her for the fact that the lady in pursuit of the satisfaction of pride did not even appreciate her spouse or the benefits that she got.
    2. Women are often called egoist, as they love to spend a lot of time to treat themselves. However, this egoism is much worse. Heroine roman-epic L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Helene Kurabina proves to the reader that heartlessness is peculiar to true egoists. The princess was a beautiful girl and had a lot of fans, nevertheless, she chooses in the husbands of the ugly and awkward cavaller, Pierre Probrel. However, she does it not because of love. She needs his money. Literally immediately after the wedding, she turns the lover. Over time, its arrogance reaches incredible scales. Helen, with the onset of war, when you need to worry about the fate of the Motherland, thinks only about how to get rid of her husband and get married to one of the fans.

      3. Egoism ruthlessness

      1. No sympathy, pity, compassion - these features that are characteristic of the egoists. No wonder they say that such people for their whim are ready for the most terrible deeds. For example, in story I. Turgenev "Mummy" The lady takes the only joy in his life. Once Gerasim picks up a homeless puppy, grows him, cares. However, the puppies annoyed a lady, and she ordered her hero to drown him. With bitterness on the heart, Gerasim complies with an order. Just because of the simple whims of a selfish person, he loses the only friend and ruins the life of the animal.
      2. Obeying selfishness, people lose control over themselves and make irreparable mistakes. For example, Hermann in the work of A. S. Pushkin "Peak Lady" He finds out about the secret of three cards, which guarantees winning in any card lot. The young man decides to get it at any cost, and for this, he pretends in love with the pupil of the only keeper of the mystery - an elderly countess. Breaking into the house, he threatens the old woman with murder, and she really dies. After that, she comes to Herman in a dream and gives a secret in exchange for an oath to marry her pupil. The hero does not hold back promises and won the victory. But putting all the con, he loses a crucible party. The ambitious young man went crazy by paying for his atrocities. But before that, he poisoned his life in any other girl who believed him.

The problem of persistence and courage of the Russian army during military testing

1. In the novel L.N. Andrei Bolkonsky, Andrei Bolkonsky, convinces his friend Pierre Zuhovova in the fact that the battle of the army wins by anything wishing to defeat the enemy, and not having a better disposition. On the Borodino field, each Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that his back is the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story B.L. Vasilyeva "And dawns here are quiet ..." Five young girls who opposed German saboteurs, defended their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkin, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Could stay alive, but they were confident that you need to fight to the end. Zenitchitsy showed courage and excerpt, showed themselves to true patriots.

The problem of tenderness

1. An example of sacrificial love serves Gen Air, the heroine of the same name Roman Charlotte Bronte. Jen gladly became the eyes and hands of the most expensive for her, when he is blind.

2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently makes the severity of the Father. She with love refers to the old prince, despite his difficult character. Princess is not even thinking about the fact that the father is often unnecessary to her. Mary's love sincere, clean, bright.

The problem of preserving expenses

1. In Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter" for Peter Grineeva was the most important life principle. Even before the threat of the death penalty, Petr, who switched to the loyalty to the Empress, refused to admit the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him a life, but the sense of duty took the top over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, made a betrayal and lost his own dignity when he moved to the Zamenozvoveta.

2. The problem of preserving the honor rises in the story N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is an honest and brave person. He never betrayed his comrades and died as a hero. Andriy - Romantic Nature. For the sake of love to the pool, he betrays his homeland. Personal interests in his foreground. Andriy dies from his father's hands, who could not forgive betrayal. Thus, you should always be honest primarily with yourself.

The problem of devotional love

1. In Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter" Petr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter protects the honor of the beloved in a duel with a pinch, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Greenieva from the reference when "asks mercy" by the Empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship of Masha and Peter lies mutual assistance.

2. Selfless love is one of the topics of Roman M.A. Bulgakova "Master and Margarita". A woman is able to take the interests and aspirations of the beloved, as their own, helps him in everything. The master writes the novel - and it becomes the content of the life of Margarita. She rewrites brought ready-made chapters, trying to make the master calm and happy. In this woman sees her destination.

Rassowing problem

1. In the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" is shown a long way to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the justice of its theory of "blood permit on conscience", the main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the severity of the perfect crime. However, faith in God and the love of the Sona Marmaladyovoy lead Solvnikov to repentance.

The problem of finding the meaning of life in the modern world

1. In the story I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" The American millionaire served as the "Golden Taurus". The main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When Mr died, it turned out that genuine happiness passed by him.

2. In the novel of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy "War and Peace" Natasha Rostov sees the meaning of life in the family, love for his relatives and relatives. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses secular life, completely devotes to the family. Natasha Rostov found his destination in this world and became truly happy.

The problem of literary illiteracy and low level of education among young people

1. In the "letters about the good and beautiful" D.S. Likhachev argues that the book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of the book to educate the person, to form its inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is the books that teach thinks, make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in the novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit" shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that there are no social problems in such a society. The rampant lies in the fact that it is simply a manless, as there is no literature capable of making people to analyze, think about, make decisions.

The problem of raising children

1. In Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in the atmosphere of permanent care from parents and educators. As a child, the protagonist was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to the apathy and dryness of Oblomov in adulthood.

2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" in the family of growth reigns the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, love. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Peter have become worthy people, inherited kindness, nobility. Thus, the conditions created by Rostov, contributed to the harmonious development of their children.

The problem of the role of professionalism

1. In the story B.L. Vasilyeva "We fly my horses ..." Smolensky Dr. Janson works not to downtrend. The main character in any weather is in a hurry to help the patients. Thanks to their responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to decline the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2.

The problem of soldier fate in war

1. The fate of the main characters of the story B.L. was tragically. Vasilyeva "And dawns here are quiet ...". Five young Zenitchitz opposed German diversants. Forces were not equal: all girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkin, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Could stay alive, but they were confident that you need to fight to the end. The girls became an example of durability and courage.

2. In the story V. Bestikova "Sotnikov" talks about two partisans who have captured the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldier was different. So the fisherman betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.

The problem of selfishness of a loved one

1. In the story N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy because of love for the Pole moved to the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, homeland. The young man, not having fluttering, decided to go out with a weapon against his yesterday's comrades. For Andria, personal interests are in the first place. The young man dies from his father's hands, who could not forgive the betrayal and egoism of the younger son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes obsession, like the main character P. Zyuskinda "Perfumer. The history of one killer." Jean-Batist Grenuy is not capable of high feelings. Everything that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a fragrance, inspiring Love people. Grenuy is an example of a egoist who goes to the greatest crimes to implement his META.

The problem of betrayal

1. In Roman V.A. Kaverin "Two Captain" Romashov repeatedly betrayed people surrounding him. In school, the chamomile overhears and came the head of everything that they talked about him. Later, Romashov reached the point that he began to collect information, proving the guilt of Nikolai Antonovich in the death of the Expedition of Captain Tatarinov. All chamomile activities are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.

2. Even deeper consequences, the act of the Hero of the story V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember." Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only carries it to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also the cause of the suicide of the wife's wizard.

The problem of deceptiveness of the appearance

1. In the novel of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy "War and Peace", Elene Kuragin, despite his brilliant appearance and success in society, does not differ in the rich inner world. Her main priorities in life - money and glory. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is an embodiment of evil and spiritual fall.

2. In the novel Victor Hugo "Cathedral of the Parisian Our Lady" Quasimodo - Gorbun, who overcomed a lot of difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unsightly, but the noble and beautiful soul is hidden behind it, which can be sincerely loved.

The problem of betrayal in war

1. In the story V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character honestly and courageously fought, went to intelligence, never hid behind the backs of the comrades. However, after a while, Guskov thought, why it should fight. At that moment, egoism took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which ordered him for loneliness, expulsion from society and caused the suicide of the wife's wife. The flour of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov", partisans Rybak betray his homeland and agrees to serve "Great Germany". His comrade of the Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of resistance. Despite the unbearable pain, tested by him during torture, the partisan refuses to speak the truth to the police. Fisherman is aware of the lowestness of his act, wants to run, but understands that there are no roads back.

The problem of the influence of love for homeland for creativity

1. Yu.Y. Yakovlev in the story "awakened by nightingians" writes about the difficult boy of the co-slyuchnka, who surrounding did not like. Once at night, the main character heard Tel Solovya. Beautiful sounds struck the child, awakened interest in creativity. The seituchnos was signed up for art school, and since then the attitude of adults has changed to him. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the soul, helps to reveal the creative potential.

2. Love for the native land is the main motive of the painting of the painter A.G. Venetianova. His brushes belongs to a number of paintings dedicated to the lives of ordinary peasants. "Znights", "Zakharka", "Sleeping Channel" - Here are my favorite artist's fabrics. Life of ordinary people, the beauty of nature of Russia prompted A.G. Venetsianova to create paintings, which for more than two centuries also attract the attention of the audience with their freshness and sincerity.

The problem of the influence of children's memories for man's life

1. In Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" The main character considers childhood the greatest sometimes. Ilya Ilyich grew up in the atmosphere of permanent care from parents and educators. Excessive concern caused the apathy of Oblomov in adulthood. It seemed that the love of Olga Ilinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the use of his native crushing forever left a trace of the fate of the main character. Thus, children's memories influenced the life path of Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem "My Path" S.A. Yesenin admitted that children's years played an important role in his work. Once at nine years inspired by the nature of his native village, the boy wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.

The problem of choosing a lion path

1. Main Theme Romana I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to elect a true life path. The writer emphasizes that the apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich in a celebrating person. The absence of the power of will and any interests did not allow the chief hero to become happy and realize their capabilities.

2. From the book of M. Mirsky "Healing Scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko" I learned that an outstanding doctor first studied at the spiritual seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Enrolling at University, N.N. Burdenko fucked by anatomy that soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in the "letters of good and beautiful" claims that "you need to live life with dignity, so as not to be ashamed to remember." These words academic emphasize that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and most disloxening person.

The problem of dog devotion

1. In the story G.N. Troopolsky "White Bim Black Ear" is told by the tragic fate of the Scottish Setter. Pic Bim is desperately trying to find his master, who has a heart attack. On his way, the dog faces difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds a pet after the dog killed. Bima with confidence can be called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.

2. In the novel, Erica Knight "Lesyi" family of Kerraclaffs have to give their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lessey jeans for the same owners, and this feeling is only intensifying when the new owner takes her away from his home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with the previous owners.

The problem of skill in art

1. In the story V.G. Korolenko "Blind Musician" Popelsky Popelsky had to overcome a lot of difficulties to find his place in life. Despite the blindness, Petris became a pianist who helped people to become her heart and kinder soul.

2. In the story of A.I. Kopper "Tapper" Boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is amazingly talented and hardworking. Boy's gifold does not remain unnoticed. His game struck the famous Pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri has become known for all Russia as one of the talented composers.

The problem of the significance of life experience for writers

1. In the novel Boris Pasternak "Dr. Zhivago" the main character is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago - Witness of the Revolution and Civil War. These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create wonderful works.

2. The topic of the vocation of the writer rises in the novel Jack London "Martin Eden." The main character is a sailor who over the years has been engaged in severe physical labor. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience made it possible to become a simple sailor to a well-known writer.

Problem of the influence of music on man's mental state

1. In the story of A.I. Cook "Pomegranate bracelet" Vera Shein is experiencing spiritual purification under the sounds of Beethoven Sonatas. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the tests experienced by it. The magic sounds of the sonata helped faith to find an internal equilibrium, find the meaning of further life.

2. In Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilinskaya when she listens to her singing. The sounds of Aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that there were no breakdown for a long time "such a cheerfulness, such a force that seemed to rose from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat."

The problem of maternal love

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's Daughter" describes the Scene of Farewell to Peter Greenyov with Mother. Avdota Vasilyevna was depressed when learn that the son would need to leave for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back the tears, because it could not be anything heavier to parting with her son. The love of Avdoti Vasilyevna sincere and immense.
The problem of exposure to works of art about war per person

1. In the story of Lion Kassil, the "great confrontation" of Sim Krupitsanna every morning he listened to the radio report of news from the front. Once the girl heard the song "Sacred War". Simima was so excited by the words of this anthem of protecting the Fatherland, which decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character on the feat.

Lzhenauki problem

1. In the novel V.D. Dudintseva "White Clothing" Professor in a row deeply convinced that the biodiversity approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician unfolds against genetic scientists. An in a row of Troo defends false landslides and goes to the most dishonest actions to achieve fame. The fanaticism of academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the termination of important research.

2. G.N. Troyopolsky in the story "Candidate of Science" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists inhibit the development of science, and therefore society as a whole. In the story G.N. Troyopolsky focuses on the need to combat liars.

The problem of late repentance

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin "Stationander" Samson Vyrin remained alone after his daughter escaped with the Rothmistrome Minsk. The old man did not lose hope of finding the Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. From longing and hopelessness, the caretaker died. Only a few years later, Dunya came to the grave of his father. The girl felt guilty in the death of the caretaker, but the repentance came too late.

2. In the story K.G. Powesty "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and left for St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna anticipate death and once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of the mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repent only on the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So k.g. Powestament claims to be attentive to their loved ones.

The problem of historical memory

1. V.G. Rasputin in the essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions from a trip to the place of the Kulikovsky battle. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time a lot has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to obeliskam, erected in honor of the ancestors, who have passed.

2. In the story B.L. Vasilyeva "And dawns here are quiet ..." five girls fell, fighting for their homeland. After many years of their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and the son of Rita, Osyanina Albert returned to the place of death of Zenitchits to establish a grave plate and perpetuate their feat.

The problem of life of a gifted person

1. In the story B.L. Vasilyeva "We fly my horses ..." Smolensk Dr. Janson is an example of unmaturity combined with high professionalism. A talented doctor every day in any weather hurried to help the patients, without requiring nothing in return. For these qualities, the doctor gained love and respect for all residents of the city.

2. In the tragedy, A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" tells the history of the life of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart is disinterestedly served by art. Because of the envy of Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and worry the hearts of people.

The problem of the destructive consequences of war

1. In the story of A. Solzhenitsyn Matrenin Dvor, the life of the Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality is depicted. Residents of the village lost part of their farm, became somehow and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story of MA Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" shows the life path of the soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and the family died during the bombing. So MA Sholokhov emphasizes that the war deprives people of the most valuable thing that they have.

The problem of contradictory of the inner world of man

1. In Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Children" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by intelligence, hardworking, purposefulness, but at the same time the student often happens sharp and rude. Bazarov condemns people who given feelings, but are convinced of the wrongness of their views, when falling in love with Odintsov. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are inflicitable.

2. In Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive traits of character. On the one hand, the protagonist is apatichene and dissatisfied. Oblomov is not interested in real life, she causes boredom and fatigue. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by sincerity, mentality, the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of the nature of Oblomov.

The problem of a fair attitude towards people

1. In the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the case of the murder of the old woman. The investigator is a subtle connoisseur of human psychology. He understands the motives of the crime of Rodion Raskolnikov and partly sympathizes him. Petrophiry Petrovich gives a young man a chance to appear with the obey. This will subsequently serve as a softening circumstance in Skolnikov.

2. A.P. Chekhov in the story "Chameleon" introduces us with a story about the dispute that broke out due to the bite of a dog. A police officer is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Verdict Villas depends only on whether the dog is owned by General or not. The overseer is not looking for justice. His main goal is to heal in front of the general.


The problem of the relationship of man and nature

1. In the story V.P. Astafieva "Tsar-Fish" Ignatich has been engaged in poaching for many years. Once a fisherman on the hook fell a giant ceremony. Ignatich understood that he could not cope with the fish, but the greed did not allow the brother and mechanic to help. Soon the fisherman himself was abandoned by his networks and hooks. Ignatic understood that he could perish. V.P. Astafyev writes: "The rivers of the king and the whole nature of the king - on the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inseparable connection of man and nature.

2. In the story of A.I. Cook "Olesya" The main heroine lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels an integral part of the surrounding world, knows how to see his beauty. A.I. Kubrin emphasizes that the love of nature helped Oles to preserve the soul of unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

The problem of the role of music in a person's life

1. In Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilinskaya when she listens to her singing. The sounds of Aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his heart the feelings that he never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that she has not felt "such a cheerfulness, such a force that seemed to be all the bottom of the soul, ready on the feat." Thus, music is able to awaken sincere and strong feelings in man.

2. In the novel MA Sholokhov "Quiet Don" songs accompany Cossacks throughout life. They sing in military campaigns, in the field, at weddings. Cossacks are put in singing the whole soul. The songs are revealed in the songs, love for Don, steppes.

The problem of displacement of books by television

1. In the Roman R. Bradbury "451O Fahrenheit" depicted a society that relies on a mass culture. In this world, people who can critically think are outlawed, and books that make them think about life, destroy. Literature ousted television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are badless, their thoughts are subordinated to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book "Letters of the Good and Beautiful" D.S. Likhachev thinks over the question: why television displaces literature. Academician believes that this is because the television distracts from worries, makes it hurt, see some transmission. D.S. Likhachev sees in this threat to a person, because the TV "dictates - how to look and what to watch," makes people with fireless. According to the philologist, only the book is able to make a man spiritually rich and educated.


The problem of the Russian village

1. In the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrinin Dvor" depicted the life of the Russian village after the war. People not only had a member, but also became somehow, confused. Only Matrön retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to help in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of moral landing of the Russian village.

2. In the story V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Mattera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which should be flooded. The old men are hard to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their entire lives where their ancestors were buried. Final story traged. Together with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which for centuries were transmitted from generation to generation and formed the unique nature of Matteors.

The problem of attitude to poets and their creativity

1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem "poet and the crowd" calls the "black stupid" that part of the Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poem to respond to the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that the poet will cease to be a creator, if the will of the crowds will obey. Thus, the main goal of the poet is not nationwide recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "at the full voice" sees the purpose of the poet in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people to encourage great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that it should be abandoned from personal creative freedom for the sake of the common great goal.

The problem of the influence of the teacher to students

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "Lessons of French" Classy leader Lydia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived the injignment. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules to help out the student. Additionally, doing with the boy, the teacher taught him not only the lessons of French, but also the lessons of kindness and sympathy.

2. In the fairy tale, Antoine de Saint_expector "Little Prince" old foxa became a teacher for the main character telling about love, friendship, responsibility, loyalty. He opened the prince the main secret of the universe: "The main eye will not see - Zorko only the heart." So the foxa taught the boy an important life lesson.

The problem of attitude towards orphans

1. In the story of MA Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main hero of heartless. All the rest of love, the main character gave a vanyushka to an awesome boy, replacing his father. So MA Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite the vital difficulties, it is necessary to not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.

2. In the story of the city of White and L. Panteleeva "The Republic of Skid" depicts the life of students from the school of socio-labor education for benutrodists and young criminals. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but most managed to find themselves and went on the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should treat orphans with attention, create special institutions for them to eradicate crime.

The problem of the role of women in the Second World War

1. In the story B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." Five young Zenitchits girls died, fighting for their homeland. The main characters were not afraid to oppose German saboteurs. B.L. Vasilyev masterfully depicts the contrast between femininity and the cruelty of war. The writer convinces the reader that women on a par with men are capable of combat exploits and heroic actions.

2. In the story V.A. Spun "Mother Human" shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main heroine Mary lost his whole family: a husband and a child. Despite the fact that the woman remained completely alone, her heart was not an inquired. Maria came out seven Leningrad orphans, replaced them with her mother. Tale V.A. The spinner became a highly Russian woman who survived a lot of deprivation and misfortune during the war, but preserved kindness, sympathy, the desire to help other people.

Problem changes in Russian

1. A. Knyshev in the article "On the Great and Mighty New Russian!" With irony writes about borrowing lovers. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. TV presenter is confident that excessive use of borrowing litters Russian.

2. V. Astafyev in the story "Lyudochka" links changes in the language with a fall in the level of human culture. The speech of artemki-soap, stringy and their friends are clogged by criminal jargon, reflecting the disadvantage of society, its degradation.

The problem of choosing a profession

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "Who to be? Raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero is thinking about how to find a faithful life path and activity. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and in the same way.

2. In the story of E. Grishkovets "Darwin", the main character after graduation chooses the case, which wants to do all his life. He is aware of the "unnecessaryness of what is happening" and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture, when the performance played by students. In the young man lives solid confidence that the profession should be useful, bring pleasure.

The writing is an important part of the exam in the Russian language. For an ideally written essay, you can get 24 primary scores from 57 possible. Of these, three points are placed on the argument of its position with a support for readers or life experience. The arguments of the second type are easy to choose, but to bring the first type arguments to read. And not just read, but to navigate the content of works.

What works are ideal for their own position to argued? You can take examples from any books, including from the works of foreign authors. A person with a rich reader experience is very simply argued by any problem. But there are people who do not like to read: someone just do not like it, someone prefers the literature exact sciences. We do not condemn such students, and we help them well prepare for the exam.

On this page (below) you will find a list of books for the exam in the Russian language. They are arranged in priority. Unlike other portals dedicated to the exam, we try to apply as little as possible to huge works, such as "war and peace". Little stories are more accurate and easy for perception. Below is a very small list - only 5 books. But we are confident that the person who read them with interest is enough for the material for the argument. Want us to suggest something else? Contact!

References for writing the essays of the Russian language (5 books)

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"

The work is a storehouse of arguments. It is devoted to military time, so the reader learns about the heroism of the Russian soldier, the unshakable moral principles, the great strength of the Spirit, actions on honor and conscience, mercy, compassion. The book is useful for the exam, and just for yourself: she gives reason to think, admire. Start reading is very interesting!

A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter"

Peter Grinev - a man of honor, loyal homeland and his word. He proves it throughout the work. In the book of the Great Writer there was a place of love, betrayal, dishonest actions, real feats. We see the historical context. The work is easy to read and truly captures. Reading will be not only pleasure, but also a pleasant preparation for the exam. In the "Captain Daughter" A.S. Pushkin can be found an argument for almost any problem.

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"

In the novel "Dubrovsky" we see love, friendship, enmity, betrayal, generosity. Friendship of Kiril Petrovich Troceryov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky develops in hatred because of a trifling and ends with madness and death of the latter. At this confrontation does not end: Troekurov Mstit Vladimir Dubrovsky, son of Andrei Gavrilovich. But the young robber falls in love with the daughter of his father's enemy. The book is full of riddles that open as reading. It is very small in volume, but very useful for preparing for the exam.

Vyacheslav Kondratyev "Sasha"

A small work about military time. Sasha is a collective image of a Russian soldier. The hero passes all terrible tests. According to his actions, it is possible to understand that people survived in wartime, from which the victory of the Russian people consist. The work of "Sasha" is as close as possible to reality, because his author fought himself. The book is read in one breath. She cannot but affect the soul of each of us. And in terms of the content of the arguments important for the exam, we can say that only the "War and Peace" can be compared with the "Sasha".

K.G. POUST "TELEGRAM"

All works K.G. Powests are read in one breath. But one of the most important stories is "telegram", because it is from it that can be taken arguments for the composition of the exam on the most difficult issues. It is also said about alone, and compassion, and about the career, and about love for their loved ones. A small, but incredibly strong story of Nastya's girl and her old mother. Read this work, not even for the exam, but just for yourself.

The list of works for the composition of the exam in the Russian language we turned out small, but it is enough to get the maximum score for the argument of your own position. You can bring one literary argument, but it will be even better if the second example will be taken from books. Read not "for the tick", and for myself. Check what is interesting. Then the books will be remembered for sure. So, there will be no problems with the exam.

On June 6, 2018, all graduates of eleventh grades will hand over a single state exam in Russian. No innovations are provided, the type of tasks will be the same as last year. This is working with text, task for paronyms, spelling, punctuation, finding a lexical concept, knowledge of lexical forms, as well as the ability to write an essay-reasoning on the specified text.

Testing will be held under the surveillance cameras, so you will definitely use the cheat sheet. This exam is one of the mandatory, without the delivery of which the certificate will not be issued.

  • List of all problems and arguments on the exam in Russian 2018: Man and Nature
  • List of all problems and arguments on the exam in Russian 2018: Family Values
  • List of all problems and arguments on the exam in Russian 2018: Development of spiritual values

An excellent example for the topic of careful attitude to nature can be a work - N.A. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazay and Hares". The main character saves hares who are drowning, and also provides medical care for two sick animals. The forest for him is a native place, and he is experiencing for each of his inhabitants.

Yu. Yakovlev "awakened by nightingians" will be auxiliary writing for the topic of comprehension of beautiful in nature. A story about a teenager who, being in Pioneerland for the first time heard birds singing. The first acquaintance was unpleasant, but the subsequent helped to hear the beautiful melody in the sounds of Solovyov. The author is convinced - beautiful in nature helps to understand art and herself.

V. Astafiev "Tsar-Fish" will also help in the topic of understanding the beautiful in nature. The story of a hero, which carried a deserved punishment for misunderstanding to the laws of nature and man. The violation of harmony can lead to a global catastrophe if a person does not catch up and will not begin to respect the power of flora and fauna.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and World" - an argument for the role of a family in the formation of a person. A story about two opposite families - growth and kuraggic. The first is a cell of society with sincerity and kindness, and the second is the manifestation of egoism and anger.

N.V. Gogol Taras Bulba is an excellent example in the eternal theme of the relationship between fathers and children. The main character, raising his sons, considered the main achievement of participation in battles. However, the betrayal of Andrei led to decisiveness from the Father, for whom public opinion was more important than a native person.

V.P. Astafyev "Robust to the whole living ..." - develops the theme of the role of mother in the raising of children. The author talks about his reverent attitude to the mother, how long it lacked the rest of his life. And also that it is necessary to take care of the most native and close to the mother itself.

B. Vasilyev "Germaman" - perfectly suitable for describing human spiritual values. Tale of rich life problems of this time. Spiritual values \u200b\u200bare replaced with material, money is more expensive than human kindness and justice.

E. Hemingway "where purely, light" is also suitable for describing urgent problems with the perception of the world. The heroes of the work do not believe in no friendship in love. Having lost all hopes for improvements, loneliness and emptiness feel. We can say that they are living dead among the others.

V. Tenryakov "Ugaba" - the topic of testing conscience. As a result, the accident dies a guy. He could be saved, but the director of MTS referring to the rules refused to give the tractor to bring the young man into the clinic.

Types of problems Arguments
Perception by man of nature as a living matter (the impact of the nature of the human soul) "The word about the regiment of Igor." All nature in the "Word" is endowed by the author of human feelings, the ability to distinguish good and evil. She warns Russians about misfortunes, he experiences grief and joy with them. Nature helps Igor in his flight from captivity, she is looking for sympathy and help Yaroslavna. Between nature and man erases borders. People are constantly compared with birds and beasts. Igor joins the conversation with the Don, Yaroslavna is looking for sympathy and help from the wind, the Sun and Dnieper. It is difficult to name another work, in which the events of people's lives and changes in nature would be so closely merged.
A.P. Chekhov "Steppe". Egorushka, a boy of 9 years, hit by the beauty of the steppe, aligns her and turns it into his twin: it seems to him that the steppe space is capable and suffering, and rejoice, and to wander. His experiences and thoughts become not childish serious, philosophical.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The surrounding nature can change a person, make it happy. It can affect the character of a person, change his worldview, to become a participant in the spiritual search of people. Such is the role of nature in the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". It is she who helps Andrei Bolkonsky, one of her main characters, rethink his life. Bolkonsky tends to glory, without which, in his opinion, can not live. On the day of Austerlitsky battle Andrei during a panic in the eyes of M. Kutuzov, a whole battalion in the attack. But the hero of Tolstoy wounded. All of his ambitious plans are crumbling. And only now, when he is so helpless and abandoned by everyone lying on the field, he drew his attention to the sky, and it caused sincerely and deep shock in it: "How did I not see before that of this high sky? And as I am happy to recognize him, finally. Yes! Everything is empty, all deception, except for this endless sky. " Bolkonsky looked differently on his past. He realized that he was not glory to be the main incentive of human activity, which exist more sublime ideals.
V. Astafiev "Tsar Fish". Fisherman Ignatich, all his life I caught fish and able to do it as it should not be better, I brought myself to the king of nature. Having caught a huge fish on the hook, he cannot cope with her. In order to avoid death, he is forced to let her go free. Meeting with fish, symbolizing moral beginning in nature, forces this poacher to reconsider his ideas about life. So, not a person creates nature, but nature rules over a person. He is not so merciless, she gives a chance to man to be corrected, waiting for repentance.
Failure to be beautiful in nature Yu. Yakovlev "awakened by nightingians." Naughty, a restless colariest once in the pioneer camp awlive the nightingale. Having embarrassed, with a stone in his hand, he decides to deal with birds, but freezes, the troubled by the singing of the nightingale. Something straightened in the soul of the boy, he wanted to see, and then depicting a forest wizard. And let the bird flattened from plasticine even distantly reminds the nightingale, the selyomily tested the life-giving force of art. When Solovy woke him up again, he raised all the guys from the beds so that they also heard magic trills. The author claims that beauty comprehension in nature leads to the comprehension of beauty in art, in itself.
The need for a careful attitude towards nature ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazay and Hares." The hero of the poem during the spring flood saves sinking hares, collecting them into the boat, cures two of the sick animals. The forest for him is a native element, and he is experiencing for all his inhabitants. The poem gives children a lesson of love for nature, love bezhnoy and reasonable.
I.Sturgenev "Fathers and Children". People often forget that nature is their native and only home that requires a careful attitude towards themselves. The main hero of the novel "Fathers and Children" Evgeny Bazarov is known for its categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, and the workshop, and a person in it worker." It is this author who sees a "new" person in it: it is indifferent to the accumulated previous generations of values, lives in real and uses everyone that he needs, without thinking about which consequences it can lead. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic pleasure of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man - as an employee. Arkady, friend of Bazarov, on the contrary, belongs to her with all inherent young soul admiration. In the novel, each hero is inspected by nature. Arkady Communication with the surrounding world helps to heal spiritual wounds, for him this unity is natural and nice. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek to contact her - when Bazarov was bad, he "walked into the forest and broke the branches." She does not give him no desired calmness or spiritual equilibrium.
Love for nature S. Jenin. One of the central those lyrics of the brightest poet of the 20th century S.Senin is the nature of the native land. In the poem "Goy You, Rus, my native" the poet refuses paradise for the sake of the Motherland, a pack of her above the Eternal Bliss, which he, judging by another lyricist, acquires only in Russian land. Thus, the feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined.
Folklore. No wonder in Russian folk fairy tales, love for nature and everything else is often glorified. He will see the wanderer of the fallen chick - put him in the nest, the bird will fall in the Silka - he will free her, he will throw a wave of fish ashore - he will release her back into the water. Do not look for benefits, do not destroy, but help, love, save, take care - this teaches folk wisdom.
The problem of soulless, consumer, ruthless attitude towards the world of nature V.Resputin "Farewell to Mattera". Thoughtless human activity over the centuries destroyed the habitat, but the twentieth century was the time of ecological catastrophe. And writers cannot stay away from the solution of this urgent problem. For many years in their artistic and journalistic works, Ch. Atmatov ("Floha", "and longer lasting day"), in Rasputin ("Farewell to Mattera", "Fire"), V. Astafiev ("King Fish ") Trying to draw society to the environmental situation in the country. A small episode of the life of the island on the hangar appears in front of us in the story V. Rasputin "Farewell to Mattera". We learn that as a result of the construction of a powerful hydropower station, the village of Matyore, located on the island with the same name, must go under the water. A man comes into martial arts with nature. In order not to rot the trees and houses in the sea, they burn them. But nothing can make people with a powerful tree, which is called the inhabitants of the island "Tsarist Linemia." The symbol of an invincible mother nature becomes a century-old larch, which people armed with fire and powerful technique can be defeated. Creating violence over nature, says Rasputin, people destroy themselves: memory, morality, soul.
V.Rasputin "Fire". We approached this line when political and economic crises can become a funeral ringing of our planet. The only chance of survival becomes human conscience. Without the roots, without history, without culture, without conservation of nature, our generation is encouraged by extinction. And exterminating everything around, we leave moral emptiness in your soul. This indicates the writer V. Rasputin in the posts of "Farewell to Mattera" and "Fire". The main character of the story "Fire" is Ivan Petrovich Egorov - a citizen-legitimate, as arharovtsy is called him. So the author dubbed careless, dishonest people. During the fire, they behave according to their usual everyday behavior, respectively: "All drags!". Ivan Petrovich is unbearable to feel his helplessness in front of these people. But the mess reigns not only around, but also in his soul. The hero is aware that "a person in life has four backups: a house with family, work, people and the earth, which is worth your house. Some kind of frishes - all the light in the tilt. " In this case, the Earth could not stand. Destroying fire from Rasputin is not only element, but also an artistic image. I think this is a satellite memory. The fire is not avoided where the feeling of the beautiful, where the consumer attitude towards nature was rooted, where it is forgotten what it means to live on conscience. And the word writer warns all of us, as on the planet, like a cancerous tumor, the ecological disaster zones grow.
V. Astafiev "Tsar Fish". The nature of alive and spiritualized, endowed with moral-punishing force, it is capable not only to defend themselves, but also to carry retribution. The illustration of the punishment force is the fate of Goshi Herzhev. This hero is punished for arrogant cynicism towards people and to nature. The punishing force spreads not only on individual heroes. The violation of equilibrium carries the threat to all mankind if it is not forced in its intentional or forced cruelty.
Nature - a human ally V. Besikov "Go and not return." Often, writers are depicted in their works paintings of nature not so that they serve as a background of what is happening, and to be full participants in the events, they accompanied the heroes, warning, saving them from trouble. In the story V. Bykov "Go and not return", nature repeatedly cuts out the main character in a difficult moment. Going to the task and getting into the snowfall, Zoeka Noreso with fear notes that he was lost in "this endless swamp." The girl still does not recognize that nature is its ally, she will warm and shelter, as it turned out with a stume, in which Zoska wounded in the stream warmed up and was dry. The writer tries to show that if a person is merged with his native nature, he draws his spiritual powers from this source. Having hit under the shelling of the Germans, wounded in the head, Zojka saves in a grove, fully under the protection of bushes and trees. For some reason, he remembered the main character of a magic tree from a children's fairy tale, always helping heroes. It also covers Zoska, gives her the opportunity to get together forces, survive, get to his own. The big master of the word V. Bykov proved that people need to be afraid, and nature will always be near, will help, give sincere powers.
Man and Nature - a single whole B.Vasiliev "Do not shoot in white swans." Man and nature are a whole. We all make nature, its part. Boris Vasilyev writes about this in the novel "Do not shoot in the White Swans". The main character of the work of Egor Polushkin infectiously loves nature, all that surrounds him. He always works for conscience, lives smartly, and it turns out to be guilty. The reason for this is that he could not disrupt the harmony of nature, was afraid to invade the living world. The hero understood nature, and she understood him. Only Polishkin and his son Kolka could "Dogs are the most frowning in two words." Only he knew how to "hear and understand silence", to see the beauty of "vacationing nature, her sleep," and the only thing he wanted, so this is "to cry out the palms of the pristine beauty and carefully, without clutch and not splashing, bring it to people." But people did not understand him and considered not adapted to life. And Egor urged to take care and respect his native land. "No man is king to her, nature. Not the king, it is harmful to the king. Son he is her, senior son. So reasonable, do not drive the mammy in the coffin. " At the end of Roman, Egor dies from the hands of those who do not understand the beauty of nature, who is used to only to conquer it. But the son of Polushkina will grow up, the ring, which, hope, will be able to replace your father. It will love and respect the native land, take it away.
M.Yu.Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The close emotional relationship of man and nature can be traced in the Roman Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The events of the Life of the Chief Character Grigory Pechorin are accompanied by the banner of nature, according to the changes in its mood. So, considering the scene of the duel, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and feelings of Pecherin is obvious. If the sky before the sky seems to him "fresh and blue", and the sun is "bright shining", then after a duel, looking at Grignitsky's corpse, the heavenly shone seemed to Gregory "dim", and his rays "did not get raged." Nature not only reflects the experiences of heroes, but is one of the actors. Thunderstorm is the cause of a long date of Pecherin and Faith, and in one of the records of the diary preceding the meeting with Prince Mary, Gregory notes that "the air of Kislovodsk and has a love." Lermontov's allegory is more deeply and fully reflects the inner state of heroes.
Effect of nature beauty on mood and man thoughts V.M.Shukshin "Old man, sun and girl." In the story of Vasily Makarovich Shukshina "Old man, sun and girl" We see an amazing example of attitudes towards the native nature surrounding us. The old man, the hero of the work, comes every night in the same place and looks like the sun comes. The next to the girl-artist, he comments on every minute-changing sunset paints. How unexpected will be for us, readers, and the heroine discovery that grandfather, turns out to be blind! For more than 10 years! How to love your native land to remember its beauty for decades !!!

1) Who does not like nature, he does not like a person, he is not a citizen. (F.M.Dostoevsky).

2) Protect nature - it means to protect their homeland. (M. Prishvin).

3) Nature is an eternal sample of art, and the greatest and noblest subject in nature is a person. (V. Belinsky).

Family problems, Fathers and Children's relationships

Types of problems Arguments
The role of childhood in a person's life L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". One of the heroes of Roman L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", the young Peter Rostov, who inherited all the best features of the "Rostov breed": kindness, openness, the desire to help a person at any moment - in the godin of harsh tests can not stay at home. Despite the prohibitions and perspective of the Father and Mother, Peter achieved his own: he was sent to the existing army. And there he shows his best qualities, grafted since childhood. Let us remember how Petya regretted the French prisoner drummer, as generously treated his senior fellow sweets, as boldly and recklessly rushed on his horse in the bake of battle ...
I.A.Gongcharov "Oblomov". Childhood of the chief hero of Oblomov in the Roman I.A. Thrycharov "Oblomov" was fabulous and cloudless. Little Ilyusha loved everyone, caressed, pumped, protected from all hazards. Oblomov did nothing, parents forbid him to show her will, and any attempts to independently stopped immediately. Such an excessive guardian and care was kept in the broomstorm every desire to do something yourself, to know something new. In the future, we see what the hero has grown: the lazy, apathetic, completely not adapted to life.
F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment." The childhood of the Hero of Roman F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" of Rodion Skolnikova was cloudless. Good and responsive boy could not tolerate injustice. We learn about this from his sleep about a poor horse, which is scored in front of a dozen people drunk mortar. Adults fear to get under the hand of the peeling man, and a little kind, loudly crying and shouting, with fists pounced on the horse's owner. This baby remembrance pops up in his sick consciousness a few days before the murder of the old woman and, it would seem, stops him, pushes to the renunciation of the conceived ... but, alas!
Ch.Dikkens "David Copperfield". In most novels, Ch. Dickens can be traced as far as childhood is important for the formation of every person. The most characteristic novel in this respect "David Copperfield". The hero of this work passes the long way of spiritual development. Unfortunate childhood, orphanhood, the search for native people change the character of David, give him life experience.
N.V.Gogol "Scary Revenge". In the stories of the "terrible revenge", "Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his tetushka" N.V. Gogol, revealing the inner world of his heroes, often seeks the causes of their characteristic features in the events experienced in childhood. For Gogol, this motive over time was becoming increasingly important. For example, in the "terrible revenge", it is through the appeal to the childhood of the main character of the story - the sorcerer - the author is trying to explain the causes of his actions.
Relationships of fathers and children A. Vampilov "Senior Son". The problem of the difficult relationship between parents and children was reflected in the literature. This was written about this and A.S. Pushkin, and L.N. Tolstoy, and I.S.Turgenhev. In the play A. Vampilova "Senior Son" The author shows the attitude of children to his father. Both the Son, and the daughter frankly consider their father a loser, an eccentric, indifferently relate to his experiences and feelings. Father all silently demolides, finds excuses to all ungrateful aids of children, asks them only about one thing: not to leave him alone. The main hero of the play sees how someone else's family is destroyed, and sincerely trying to help the kinderman-father. His intervention helps to survive a difficult period in the relationship of children to a near person.
I.Sturgenev "Fathers and Children". The problem of fathers and children is revealed in the novel by I.S. Romegenev "Fathers and Children" in the relationship between the young Nigilist of Bazarov with the representative of the nobility by Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, as well as Bazarov with his parents. Pavel Petrovich is always flawless and elegant. This person leads the life of a typical representative of the aristocratic society - spends time in idleness and idleness. Unlike him, bazaars brings real benefits to people, dealt with specific problems. These heroes of the novel occupy the opposite life positions. In frequent disputes of Bazarov and Paul Petrovich, almost all the main questions are affected: about the paths of the country's further development, knowledge of science, an understanding of art and attitude to the people. Pavel Petrovich at the same time actively protects the old foundations, and the bazaars, on the contrary, stands for their destruction. And on the reproach Kirsanova, that you, they say, all destroy, because it is necessary to build, the bazaarov answers that "I first need to clear." We see the conflict of generations and in the relationship between the Bazarov with his parents. The main character has very controversial feelings towards them: on the one hand, he admits that he loves parents, on the other, he despises the "stupid life of the fathers." Bazar's parents are given primarily his beliefs. Being people looking to the future, writers, as a rule, stand on the side of the new generation. Turgenev in his work "fathers and children" does not act openly on any of the parties.
A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia". Olenka, heroine story, talented girl, but egoist, spoiled by his father and mother. The blind parental love spawned a belief in its exclusivity in Ole. Unwillingness to understand the feelings and experiences of close people, friends lead in the end to the hardest disease of the mother.
N.V.Gogol "Taras Bulba". The bouffer believed that only then the upbringing of Ostare and Andria could be completed when they would know combat wisdom and become his worthy heirs. However, the treason of Andria made Taras as a killer, he could not forgive the son of betrayal. Only Ostap warmed the soul of the Father with his courage in battle, and then during the execution. For Taras, the partnership turned out to be above all blood ties.
A. Amlinsky "Neskural Garden". On the example of three generations of Kovalevsky family, you can trace the influence of parents on children. In the novel, not only the son is looking for answers to those who have tormented his questions, but the father feels the need for spiritual communication with his son. The writer is convinced: adults must "own the gift of understanding, which means that empathy." If it is not, inevitably the alienation of children from family, schools and eventually from society. From misunderstanding, distrust of the drama of relations between close people, parents and children is born.
A.S. Griboedov "grief from the mind." He did not bypass the problem of fathers and children and Russian writer A. S. Griboedov in his comedy "Mount from the mind." The product involves the relationship between Famousov with his daughter Sofia. Famuses, of course, loves her daughter and wishes her happiness. But here, he understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. He taught the daughter to the thought of profit and this makes this crime, because Sofya can become a similar to Molchalin, who took only one principle from his father: to look for everywhere wherever possible. Fathers tried to teach children of life, in their instructions handed them the fact that they themselves were the most important and significant.
Indifference children in relation to parents, ungratefulness of children V.Resputin "Last Deadline". Russian literature is rich in works affecting the problem of "fathers" and "children." In the story "Last term" V. Rasputin shows the main heroine, Grandma Daria, at the sunset of her life. She feels that her days are considered. This is what prompted her to cause children by telegram. Children come out, the parents themselves have long been. In Darya, the parent feeling awakens with the new force: she comes to life, returns again to life. And the children seeing that the mother recovered, hurry back to her. But it does not go through the day after their departure, the mother dies. This story talks about an indifferent attitude towards the mother, the lack of understanding of her mental state and the mother whose heart does not cease to love their children.
K.G.Pautsky "Telegram". When we are young, we do not think about what is waiting for us in old age, and we absolutely do not think about what it can be - light, light or heavy, sad. And in vain. Fraw over the fate of the heroine K.G. Paustovsky from the story "Telegram", you begin to understand how it is still bitterly, when you are not only old and noiseless, but I don't need anyone ... In my opinion, telling about Katerina Petrovna, who was "one on white light", Powestoys highlights one of the most tragic problems of humanity - a break of connections between generations, which in our time entails lonely old age. Nastya, daughter Katerina Petrovna, now for the fourth year it does not come to the mother, making a career in Leningrad. Related to the stability in relation to the parents of the younger generation, the author comongs with the heroine, trying to "enjoy" young people, show how lonely and sadly forgotten old men.
A. S. Pushkin "Stationander". Samson is written, the main character of the story A.S. Pushkin "Stationander", there is a daughter of the Danny, in which he does not have the soul. But the passage of the hussar, who posted an eye on the girl, his deception takes her from his father's house, said the portal Rosreekistra. When Samson finds her daughter, she is already married, well dressed, lives many better than him and does not want to go back. Samson returns to his station, where she subsequently drinks and dies. Three years later, the narrator drives to those places, and sees the grave of the caretaker, and a local boy tells him that a lady came with three barcats and looked long on his grave.
FM Dostoevsky "humiliated and offended". Natasha, Heroine Roman F.M. Dostoevsky "humiliated and offended," he betrayed his family by fueling out of the house with her lover. The father of the girl, Nikolai Igmenhev, painfully perceives her care to the son of his enemy, considering it shame, and curses the daughter. The father rejected and lost his loved one, Natasha is deeply experiencing - she lost everything that she had a valuable in life: a good name, honor, love and family. However, Nikolai Igmenhev still loves her daughter insanely, despite anything, after a long spiritual torment, in the final of the story, finds her strength to forgive her. In this example, we see that parental love is the strongest, disinterested and all-friendly.
Maternity (Mother's role in raising) M. Gorky "Tales of Italy". The author believes that all the best on Earth is from the mother. Deep philosophical meaning is acquired by those fairy tales in which the image of a mother is created, sometimes growing up to the personification of the Motherland. The nine fairy tale begins in words, filled with a deep meaning: "We will glorify a woman - a mother, an inexhaustible source of all-touching life! .. We will glorify the woman in the world - a mother, a single power, which death persogesly inclined! Even the "servant and the slave of death" - "Iron Tamerlan, the bloody Beach of the Earth", from which she demanded to bring her son to her.
A. Fadeev "Young Guard". In a lyrical retreat of mother, the author suggests that her mother, her concern is raising in any of us morality, the ability to appreciate life.
V.P. Astafyev "Robustly Living ..." The author claims: if he was given to repeat his life, he would ask one of his fate - to leave with him Mom. She was missing the writer all his life, and he appeals to everyone with a request to take care of mothers, because they only happen once and never returned, and no one can replace them.
Maternity as a feat L. Ulitskaya "Daughter Bukhara". Bukhara, the heroine of the story, made a maternal feat, all himself giving the upbringing of Mila's daughter, who had Down Syndrome. Even being a deadly sick, the mother thought out his daughter's long life: arranged to work, found her a new family, her husband, and only after that he allowed himself to leave life.
B. Vodkin "Mother Human". Maria, the heroine of the story "Mother", on his shoulders carried a heavy burden of war. The heroine remained completely alone in the village destroyed by the fascists, when he wore a child under the heart. But despair only covered Maria only for a minute. She realized that it was impossible to surrender, it was necessary to live on. Maria found the strength not only to survive the most, but help it to do others. She became the mother of all living things. Among the corpses and the destruction of Maria retained life. This woman began with scratch when she had nothing. And yet heroin managed to make it impossible: Maria gave hope to hungry Leningrad children. She did the most important thing - just warmed them, showed that there are caring people in the world. Maria wants peaceful life not only for his child, but also for all children. Therefore, she cares about those who are now bad and lonely. For this, they thank her children: a three-year-old Dasha, little Andryusha, Galya and Natasha from the orphanage. Life sent Mary's difficult trials, she fell into the hardest conditions. But faith, hope, good helped this woman. The writer is confident that only good, the warmth of the family and mother can defeat the war.
Family role in personality formation L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (Roman-epic). The ideal of Tolstoy is a family, the relationship in which is built on good and truth. Bologkoe, Rostov. This is not just a family, these are entire vitality based on national traditions. In the family of growth, everything was built on sincerity and kindness, therefore children - Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became truly good people, and in the family of Kuragin, where the career and money decided everything, and Helen, and Anatol - immoral egoists.
I.Polyanskaya "Iron and ice cream". The negative psychological atmosphere in the family, the confused adults caused serious Rita disease, a small heroine of the story, and cruelty, tricks, her sister.
D.S. Likhachev in the "letters of good and beautiful" wrote about the role of the family in raising children. The scientist was confident that an adult caring person "not lectures and instructions, but, above all, the atmosphere that reigns in the family" will bring up a real citizen. "If the family has common interests, general entertainment, a common holiday, then it is a lot. Well, if the occasions are occasionally considering family albums, care for the graves of relatives, they tell about how their great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers lived, then it doubly many, "DS Likhachev wrote.
Conflicts in the family Daniel Defo "Robinson Cruzo". Family - human spiritual support. Losing her, a man breaks away from the world. He is similar to the leaf that has fallen from the tree: the life path is not impressed by him, the dyes of the wind of fate wear him there, here, in the soul, confusion, or anything he is attached to anyone. It was in this situation that the protagonist of Roman Daniel Defo "Robinsz Kruzo" came into such a situation. Parents did not want to understand the interests of His Son, his craving for the sea. Binding his views and the interests of the young man, they achieved only the wrath of the Son. As a result, they lost him for many years.
Family L.N. Tolstoy. The discrepancy of views on life is often the basis for conflicts. This also took the happiness of family life from the famous Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy. Despite the aristocratic origin, he at the end of his life path lived quite poorly, as he chose the path of benefactor, distributing most of his property in need. His creations were famous already then, but he did not wish money for his works. But the wife of Tolstoy condemned her husband. She wanted luxury, life worthy of aristocrats. She should not blame for it. But it is such a discrepancy between views and needs destroyed the joy of married life.
A.S. Pushkin "Surround Knight." Big money, as you know, have a perniciously affect the soul of a person. Under their impact, relationships are changing between people, even between relatives. This leads to a misunderstanding in the family, to the fragility of related bonds. This perfectly showed Pushkin in the "stingy knight": the money disconnected the old Baron and his son, they got up on the way of their convergence, smashing hope for mutual understanding and love.
Relationships in the family A. Amlensky "Return of Brother". The story created the image of a very sincere, immediate boy who dreamed of a friend, defender. He hopes to find it in her senior brother and is looking forward to his return. But the elder brother lost himself as a person, sank at the "bottom" of life. However, the belief of the younger brother, the inability to deceive him helps the eldest, Ivan, return to normal life.
A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia". Parents, blinded by the talent of the daughter of the daughter of Oli, who believed in its exception, do not want to understand the class teacher, seeking to "make the success of everyone, the joy of everyone - the success and joy of all." And Evdokia Savelievna, and the guys are ready to evaluate and love talent, but can not accept and forgive Olya Highness and neglect of them. Much later, the Father will understand the teacher and will agree that the desire to be the first at any cost is circumscribed by a person for loneliness.
A. Likhanov "Deception". The main character, Seryozh, the mother died. All his further misfortunes are connected with this, the main thing. A whole train of deceptions is collapsed for him: it turns out that the native father, who left the family, lives in their city, stepfather and his mother, a soul of a teacher, blowing his grandmother that they did not speak to his retirement, they move them from a two-bedroom apartment in a pitiful room. It is hard to experience the boy and the loneliness fell on him: the father actually refused him, and stepfather. A difficult path was held as a hero until she understood that it was impossible to live in a lie. In his fourteen years, Seryozha Vorobyov comes to convincing the need to make decisions.
Indifference of the world of adults, children's unprotected D.V. Grigorovich "Gutta-first boy." Hero of the story - the sirota Petya, which is mercilessly exploited in the circus: he is an equilibrist. Performing a complex exercise, the boy crashed, and his death was simply left unnoticed.
FM Dostoevsky "The boy of Christ on the Christmas tree." The boy, the story hero, came with his mother in St. Petersburg, but after her death, on the eve of Christmas, it turned out to be no one. No one even gave him a piece of bread. Baby frozen, hungry and abandoned.
The continuity of generations E. Hemingway "Old man and the sea." Old Cuban fisherman Santiago hopes that his skills will continue in the centuries, but most importantly - it can be transferred as the most expensive inheritance to the next generations. Therefore, he teaches the boy to all the wisdom of crafts and life.
  1. No place more pleasant to the home of the home. (Cicero).
  2. Happy one who is happy at home. (L.N. Tolstoy).
  3. Disrespect for the ancestors is the first sign of immorality. (A.S. Pushkin).
  4. Love for parents is the basis of all virtues. (Cicero).

The role of a teacher in human life

Types of problems Arguments
The role of the teacher in the life of the younger generation V.Astafyev "The photo on which I do not". "Saws are reasonable, good, eternal," they talk about teachers. From them - all the best in man. In Russian literature, more than once, writers revealed the image of the teacher, celebrated its important role in the life of the younger generation. "The photo on which I do not" is the head of the story of Viktor Astafieva "Last Bow". In it, the author paints the events of the distant thirties, recalls a fragment of his own life, which describes the life of ordinary people in the distant Siberian village, which is an important event - the arrival of the photographer. Thanks to the teacher, being immortalized by the student of a rural school. Unfortunately, Vitka was not able to "sit down" because of the illness of the legs. More than a week, the boy was forced to be at home under the guardianship. Once the boy visited the school teacher - brought a ready photo. In this work, we see, what respect this friendly man in the village used love and love. And it was for what! The teacher selflessly made a culture and education in a deaf village, was the ward in a rustic club, the furniture for the school ordered his own money, organized the collection "Utilsyry", as a result of which pencils, notebooks, paints appeared at school. The teacher never refused to make documents. He was very polite and friendly with everyone. People thanked for it: helped firewood, simple rustic food, looked after a child. And the boy recalls the heroic act for a teacher: a duel with a viper. So this man remained in the memory of the child - ready to rush forward and defend his students. And it does not matter that the children did not know what the name of the teachers. For them, the word "teacher" is already the name of his own. It is important that the teacher is a person seeking to alleviate and improve human life. And although there is no author on the old photo, she is the way to him with memories of distant childhood, about their people, the life of which is the story of our people.
V.Resputin "French Lessons". Every day we go to school, we meet the same teachers. We love some of them, others are not very respectful, others - they are afraid. But it is unlikely that any of us before the story of V.V. Rasputin "Lessons of French" thought about the influence of the identity of a certain teacher to our further life. The chief hero of the story was very lucky: he got a smart leaders in class leaders, a responsive woman. Seeing the plight of the boy and at the same time - his craving for knowledge, she constantly takes attempts to help him. That Lidia Mikhailovna is trying to squeeze his student at the table and feel to feed, he sends him parcels with food. But all her tricks and efforts disappear for nothing, because the modesty and feeling of their own dignity of the main character do not allow him not only to admit to his problems, but also take gifts. Lydia Mikhailovna does not insist - she respects pride, but constantly looking for new ways to help the boy. In the end, having a prestigious work, which is not only good feeding, but also gives her housing, the French teacher is solved on "sin" - she pulls the student into the game for money so that he can have an opportunity to earn their bread and milk. Unfortunately, the "crime" is revealed, and Lydia Mikhailovna has to leave the city. And yet attention, a friendly attitude, a sacrifice brought by the teacher for the sake of assistance to his pupil, the boy will not be able to forget and after all his life will take gratitude for the best lessons - lessons of humanity and good.
A. Aleksin "The third in the fifth row." Teacher Vera Matveyevna, reflecting on the methods of upbringing, is forced to admit what was wrong, trying to bring up all his students equally: "It is impossible to suppress a person. Good Everyone has to do in its own way ... It is hardly possible to make characters for incompatibility. "
A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia". The Evdokia Vasilyevna teacher was convinced: the biggest talent in her students is the talent of kindness, the desire to come to the rescue in a difficult moment, and it is these character traits that she brought up in them.
A. De Saint-Exupery "Little Prince". Old fox taught a little prince to comprehend the wisdom of human relations. To understand a person, you need to learn to peer into it, forgive small flaws. After all, the most important thing is always hidden inside, and you can not immediately see it.
A.I. KUPERA "TAPER". Anton Rubinstein, the great composer, having heard a talented game on the piano to anyone who is not famous young Tepper Yury Azagarov helped him become a famous musician.
A. Likhanov "Dramatic Pedagogy". "The biggest thing that may be on white light is an educator who does not recognize who does not see who does not want to see his mistakes. A teacher who has never told his disciples, their parents, to themselves: "Sorry, I was mistaken" or: "I failed."
A.S. Pushkin and the poet Zhukovsky. There are many cases in history when the teacher had a huge impact on the student, which subsequently brought the latter to success. A.S. Pushkin always considered his teacher of the Russian poet Zhukovsky, who one of the first noted an outstanding ability to work in a beginner poet. And the portrait for Pushkin Zhukovsky signed the following words: "The winner is a student from a defeated teacher."

The role of art and literature in a person's life

Types of problems Arguments
The role of the book in intellectual, spiritual, moral development of man A.S. Pushkin "Evgeny Onegin". In the literature, the facts are known as the books formed the inner world of heroes. Tatyana Larina, Heroine Roman A.S. Pushkin "Yevgeny Onegin", grew by a lonely girl, was immersed in his feelings and experiences. Older Tatiana did not find answers to their questions. And then she appealed to the books. The hero of her novel became Onegin. Evgeny Tatiana was able to reveal the inner world of Evgeny Tatiana, having acquainted with his library, marked with their favorite books on the fields. She decides that Onegin in his feelings and actions copies the heroes of European romanticism of the early nineteenth century. Touching the books, Tatyana was able to look into the soul of another person, to understand his inner world.
F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment." An example of the influence of a book on the inner world of a person can be seen in the scene of the reading of the Gospel in the Roman F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Sonechka reads excerpts from this book, and the Skolnikov is beginning to fade thoughts: "Can her beliefs not be now my beliefs?". "You can cross yourself, and someone else's life is impossible," this is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Sonechka after reading the Gospel. Even not read, but the books missing through the soul of another person can have a strong impact on feelings and views.
D.London "Martin Eden." The main character of the novel D.London "Martin Eden" The main character is a working guy, a sailor, an outcoming from the bottom. Martin meets Ruth Morz, a girl from a wealthy bourgeois family that awakens in the semi-armed interest in the literature. The hero firmly decides to change, make money and become worthy of his beloved. And the books helps him in this. It constitutes a program on self-improvement, it works on his tongue and pronunciation, reads a lot of novels, scientific papers, poetic collections. Persistent work brings fruits: Martin is much superior in intellectual plan and Ruth, and her family, and acquaintances - all those who he admired at first and to whom he experienced a painful shame for his ignorance and uneducation. Moreover, he himself begins to write and becomes a successful writer.
D.S. Likhachev in the "letters of good and beautiful" wrote: "The literature gives us a colossal, extensive and deepest experience of life. She makes a person intelligent, develops in it not only a sense of beauty, but also an understanding - an understanding of life, all its difficulties, serves as a guide to other eras and other peoples, reveals the heart of people in front of you. In a word, makes you wise. " Better, in my opinion, you will not say!
M. Gorky "My Universities." Much in the life of Alesh Peshkov made books. They helped to know the love of peace, the beauty of it and a variety. Alyosha tells what exactly he liked what and how he understood. He greedily read everything that came across - a boulevard, the books of the authors of the secondary, random, now forgotten, interspersed with classics. From the text of the Gorky trilogy, you can draw up long lists of books read by him, with its annotations-evaluations and to hold the most interesting studies on the circle of reading Alesh Peshkov. He himself learns to distinguish a good book from bad. He needs twice to count "Tradition" to understand that the book is weak. It is interesting to monitor how the boy's taste is exhausted. In an erratic reading, it was its advantage - it trained the mind; He studied to navigate the book sea, he was free from school authorities. So he understood himself, felt the genius of Pushkin "Pushkin, I surprised me, the simplicity and music of a verse that a long time the prose seemed to me unnatural and read it was awkward." Alesha's favorite books retells to anyone - twins, sailors, crawls, read out loud, and people greedily listened to him, sometimes they swear, ridiculed, but they sighed and admired ...
The role of reading in human life R. Bradbury in the novel-anti-nightopia "451 degrees Fahrenheit" wrote that a simple person unless one hundred could see with his own eyes, and "the other ninety-nine percent he learns through the book." In the utopian world of the future there are no social problems. They were defeated by the destruction of books - after all, literature makes thinking. The fires from artistic works symbolize the death of human spirituality, the transformation of people in hostages of primitive mass culture.
Reducing the level of reader activity in modern society L.Zhukhovitsky "Book or Box". The famous publicist L.Zhukhovitsky in his article "Book or Box" with indignation speaks of the negative influence of the "talking box" on a person who contributes to the degradation of the population. L.Zhukhovitsky presents an account with television, which has already erected, no one generation of "deaf-and-dumb" children who cannot communicate at all. It is the TV prevents the development of the child's thinking: the guys are used to that the box thinks for them "and they do not want to take a book.
The role of music in human life, the perception of music by man The song "Sacred War." Beautiful music has a huge impact on the inner world of man. She is able to raise the mood, cheer up, calm. There are many musical works that have a unique ability to lead people to go to the cherished goal. For example, everyone knows the song "Sacred War", written by composer A.V. Alksandrov and Poet V.I. Lebedev-Kumach. She became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. With this song, Russian people embraced by the "rage of noble" went to the death fight, got up to the shoulder to the shoulder on the protection of the Motherland.
In the story of V. Astafieva "Last Bow" tells about the boy who heard music for the first time in his life. Anxiety, bitterness, pity for the dead fellow villagers, love for the Motherland is a gamma of feelings and emotions experienced by the child. The same music hears a storyteller in many years during the war. And now Polonaise Oginsky has another influence on the listener: "She called somewhere," "forced something to do." So, you can not just enjoy music, music is something that can make act.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In a number of works of Russian writers, heroes are experiencing strong emotions under the influence of harmonious music. One of the characters of Roman-epic L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Nikolai Rostov, losing a large amount of money to maps, is in confusion, but, having heard the excellent execution of the Aria with his sister of Natasha, encouraged. The accident ceased to be so tragic for him.
In the story of A.I. Kuprina "Pomegranate bracelet" under the sounds of the Sonatas Beethoven Heroine Vera Shein is experiencing a mental cleansing after he experienced hard minutes of life. The magic sounds of the piano helped her to gain an internal balance, find strength, to gain the meaning of further life.
V. Astafiev "Domsky Cathedral". The narrator is convinced that only the music will save the world and each of us from the inner decay will help to understand it better. The author, reflecting on the power of music, is based on his personal impressions from the heard "singing of the body" in the Dome Cathedral. "Before the Great Music," spiritual troubles, the ridiculousness of vigorous life, small passions, everyday workers, "," the author recalls. "Before the greatness of the beautiful", the knee of the people filled the cathedral, crying from "stolen their tenderness" were ready. All but music seemed ridiculous and meaningless.
K. Paust "Old Cook". The role of music in the story is home, because the music helped the old chef to see in my imagination what he could not see in reality: she magically suffered an old man at another time, provided the opportunity to feel young, in love again, to meet with her March; He took the severity with his soul. The blind hero of this story music Mozart recreated a visual picture, helped return to the past, see the happiest events of his life.
V. Korolenko "Blind Musician". Petrus was born blind, and the music helped him survive and become a truly talented pianist. Blind acquires power in music. Through it, he can affect people, telling them the main thing about life that it is so difficult to understand himself. This is the choice of a blind musician.
A.P. Chekhov "Violin Rothschild." Yakova Matveyevich, the hero of the story, found by them melody, amazing in beauty, touching and sad, makes it makes the philosophical generalizations of a humane nature: if there were no hatred and maliciousness between people, the world would have become beautiful, no one would interfere with each other. He first experienced a shame from what was offended by others.
L.N. Tolstoy "Albert". The main hero of the story is a brilliant musician. He fascinatingly playing the violin, and the listeners seem to be again experiencing forever lost that their souls are warming up.
Impact of artwork on man At the city of I. Uspensky there is a wonderful story "straightened". He is about what the wonderful sculpture of Venus Milos, exhibited in the Louvre had an impact on the narrator. The hero was struck by the great moral force, which proceeded from the ancient statue. "Stone mystery", as its author calls, made a person better: he began to behave immaculately, felt happiness to be a man.
D.S.Likhachyov "Letters of good and beautiful." Different people ambiguously perceive artwork. One with the delight of the castle in front of the wizard, and the other will be indifferent by. The reasons for such a different approach argues in the "letters about the good and beautiful" D.S. Likhachev. He believes that the aesthetic passivity of some people is generated by the lack of proper admission to art in childhood. Only then will grow a real viewer, a reader, a connoisseur of paintings, when he will see and hear everything that is displayed in the works of art, tolerated by the power of imagination into the world, clothed into images.
Life example. Can the art change human life? The actress Vera Alentova recalls such a case. Once she received a letter from an unknown woman, which described that she was left alone and she did not want to live. But, looking at the film "Moscow, I don't believe in tears", the woman became another person: "You will not believe, I suddenly saw that people smile and not so much they are bad, as it seemed to me all these years. And the grass, it turns out, green, and the sun shines ... I recovered for what you have so much. "
Life example. Scientists, psychologists have long argued that music can have a different impact on the nervous system, on a human tone. It is generally recognized that the works of the Bach increase and develop intelligence. Music Beethoven awakens compassion, cleans the thoughts and senses of man from negative. Schumanim helps to understand the soul of the child. The seventh symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich has a subtitle "Leningrad". But the name "legendary" is suitable. The fact is that when the fascists were besieged to Leningrad, the 7th Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich had a huge impact on the inhabitants of the city, which, as eyewitnesses testify, gave people new forces to fight the enemy.

The problem of the development and conservation of the Russian language

Types of problems Arguments
Beauty and richness of the Russian language V.G. Korolenko "without language." Russian writers in their works often argue about the beauty and wealth of the Russian language. They urge to love, appreciate and take care of your native speech. VG Negolenko said in the story "without language" said: "The truth is spoken, without a language of man as a blind or small child." Indeed, the writer reminds us that people with a small vocabulary reserve, with a poor speech, never realize all the mighty strength and the extraordinary wealth of the native language. And it is terrible that they clog our speech.
I.S.Turgenev "Russian language". The feeling of pride in his tongue, admiration for his wealth sounds in the poem in the prose of Turgenev "Russian". He is enthusiastic, the freedom of the Russian word, suggests that in heavy for the author, only the language was his "support and support". The writer argues that "such a language is given a great people." We inherited the language of Pushkin, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Chekhov. So why does our "Great People" do not appreciate this, does not protect Russian vocabulary from clogging?
Protection, conservation of the Russian language In the novel, Tolstoy "Kysy" people spoiled Russian that in it no longer know the former singer. They are "thrown" with words, while using them by no means right. After reading such books, you want to take care and protect our tongue from Zhargon and Slang.
D.S.Likhachyov "Letters of good and beautiful." Jumping in clothes is disrespect for people around you, and disrespect for yourself. And how to regard the attitude towards the language we say? Language to even more clothes, testifies to the taste of a person, about his attitude to the world around the world, to itself. The truly strong, healthy, confident man will not speak without need to speak loudly, swear and use grave and jargon words. After all, he is sure that his word and so weighing. Our language is the most important part of our common behavior in life. And by how a person says, we can easily judge what we are dealing with. Learn good, calm, intelligent speech should be long and carefully, because our speech is the most important part of not only our behavior, but also our personality, our souls, mind, our ability cannot be influenced by the environment.
I.S.Turgenhev: "Take care of our tongue, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this is the heritage transferred to us by our predecessors. "A.Kuprin:" The language is the history of the people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and savings of the Russian language is not a celebrating occupation from nothing to do, but urgent need. "
Publicistic article S.Kazzdaeva. Literary critic lifts the problem of the development and conservation of the Russian language, the use of words or symbols, which belong to foreign languages, namely their excessive use that can lead to the extinction of Russian speech. The author of the article writes that today our language is clogged by various jargonisms, spurant and foreign words, and the original Russian words are gradually forgotten. And the Russian people are aware of this bitter and offensive. After all, at present, the younger generation ceases to appreciate the merits of people such as Cyril and Methodius, who presented us alphabet, V. Del, who gave all his life to the study of Russian. And it is unlikely that someone from the living in the XXI century thought, which price was given to these people their merits. The author is convinced that the "blind" use of borrowing today leads to distortion of the alphabet, the destruction of Russian words, violation of the functioning of the language, the loss of cultural traditions.
Poem A.Akhmatova about language: rusting gold and elapses steel
Crumble marble. Everything is ready for death.
Total stronger on earth - sadness
And the durable is a royal word. He is terribly under the bullets are dead, it is not bitter to stay without bed, -I will save you, Russian speech, great Russian word. ("Courage") The future of the Motherland, according to poetess, directly depends on the integrity of the language.

Problems associated with negative human qualities

Types of problems Arguments
Heartlessness A.I. Solzhenitsyn Matrinin Dvor. The main heroine of Matrius, without receiving anything for his work, in the first call, it goes to help neighbors, relatives, collective farm. Absolutely deprived of envy, it rejoices itself, does not chase for wealth, helps people disinterestedly. Celestially use her kindness, never asked, but simply state the fact: "It will be necessary to help the collective farm." And not only do not help Matrius, but also try not to appear in her house at all, fearing that she will ask for help. For their relatives and neighbors, Matriol's death is only a reason to state about her and the opportunity to devour it with a few good. On the commemoration of the most Matrion, no one said.
Y. Mamleev "Jump in the coffin." Relatives of a sick old woman Catherine Petrovna, tired of care for her, decided to bury it alive and thereby get rid of problems. The funeral is a terrible testimony of what a person is turning, devoid of compassion, living only by his interests.
K.G.Pautsky "Telegram". Nastya lives a bright, filled life away from lonely, old mother. Daughters All things seem important and urgent so much that she completely forgets to write letters home, does not visit the mother. Even when the telegram came about Mother's disease, Nastya did not immediately go, and therefore did not find Katerina Ivanovna alive. The mother did not wait for her only daughter, which he loved.
L.Razumovskaya "Dear Elena Sergeevna". Heartless, cynical disciples began to reproach the teacher for her old-fashioned clothing, an honest attitude to work, for taught her whole life, and herself did not accumulate any capital and does not know how to sell their knowledge. Their arrogance, the rootless became the cause of the death of Elena Sergeyevna.
Degradation of spiritual culture A.P.hekhov "Ionch". In Russian literature, A.P.chekhov often addressed the problem of spiritual degradation. In the story of "Ionch", we have a typical picture of the philistine life of the provincial city, in which all visits oppressed boredom and monotony of existence. However, displeased assured that in the city is good, many intelligent people. And as an example of an educated family, Turkish always led Turkic. However, peering into lifestyle, the inner world and the morals of these characters, we see that in fact it is small, limited, vulgar people. Under their disadvantage and elders fall, gradually turning from an intelligent and talented doctor in the average man. The author of step by step reveals the history of the young doctor's life before us, who choose the false path of material enrichment. This choice was the beginning of his spiritual impoverishment.
A.P.chekhov "Gooseberry". Another example of spiritual degradation is Nikolai Ivanch from the story of Chekhov "Gojberry". In pursuit of the dream of buying your own estate, he forgets in domestic development. All his actions, all thoughts were subordinated to this material purpose. Chimsza-Himalayan, dreaming about the manor with the gooseberry, undernources, refuses himself in everything, marries the calculation, dresses like a beggar and savs money. He practically worry his wife hunger, but I did a dream. As a pity, he, when with a happy, smug view eats an acidic gooseberry!
DS Lihachev in the book "Russian Culture" and in other studies identified culture as a spiritual basis of nationwide being, and its preservation as a pledge of "spiritual security" of the nation. The scientist has repeatedly emphasized that out of culture, the present and future of the people and the state deprived of meaning. Lihachev developed a "Declaration of Culture" - a document designed at the international level to protect and support the culture created by mankind.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy in his novel "War and Peace" repeatedly wrote about the moral qualities of man. So, for example, for Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya and her son, the main goal in life is the device of its material well-being. And for the sake of this Anna Mikhailovna neither humiliating begging, nor the use of rough strength.
Lack of honor and dignity In Drama A.N. Oostrovsky "Thunderstorm", the author showed a wild society of the district city of Kalina, who lives according to the laws of the Domostroja, and opposed him the image of the freedom-loving girl who did not wish to come to terms with the Kalinov regulations of life and behavior. One of the most important problems raised in the work is the problem of human dignity. The merchant society, shown in the play, lives in the atmosphere of lies, hypocrisy. Kupach Kabanova, wild - powerful, brutal self-directions, who consider themselves entitled to insult and humiliate those who depend on them. For them, there is no concept of human dignity. Constantly degradable, some representatives of the younger generation lost their own dignity, they became slave, never entrusted with their own opinions. For example, Tikhon is a person who since childhood the mother crushed the already not very wonderful attempts to show character. Tikhon pity and negligible: it is unlikely to be called a person; Drunkenness replaces him all the joys of life, he is not capable of strong, deep feelings, the concept of human dignity for him is unknown.
A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". Schvabrin - Aristocrat, who previously served in the guard and for the duel exiled to the Belogorsa fortress. He is clever, educated, eloquent, wit, found. But to the people, to everything that does not concern his personal interests, Shvabrin is deeply indifferent. There is no feeling of honor and debt. Offended by the refusal of Masha to marry him, he tweets her slander. He writes anonymous denunciation of Starik Greenyava on his son. Already after the first news about the uprising from Schvabrin, thoughts on the treason, which he carries out when Pugachev took the fortress. Schvabrin moved to the side of Pugacheva not on high ideological impulses, but for the purpose of massacre over the Grneeve. This hero causes a sharply negative attitude towards himself.
Betrayal, moral drop A.Dume "Count Monte Cristo." A vivid example of betrayal, crumpled fate, is described in the Roman A.Dume "Count Monte Cristo." Hero of the book, Young Edmon Dantes, Assistant Captain Marseille Ship "Pharaoh", the happy groom of an excellent Mercedes, slandered envious and loyal cowrus, turns out to be a prisoner of the castle IF. According to the "stone bag", Edmond will revenge his offender ... But youth and love of beautiful Mercedes is no longer returning.
L.andreyev "Juda Israariot". Judas Israariot, betraying Christ, wants to test the devotion of his students and the rightness of the humanistic teaching of Jesus. However, they all turned out to be cowardly ordinary people, like the people who also did not stand on the defense of their teacher.
N.S.Lonzkov "Lady Macbeth Mtsensky County." Sergey, lover, and then the husband of the perpetrators of Katerina Izmailovoy, made her murder of her relatives, wanting to become the only heir of the rich state, and later betrayed the beloved woman, calling her partner of all crimes. On the religion stage, he changed her, mocked her.
N.V.Gogol "Taras Bulba". For the love of the love of excellent polka, Andriy is rejected from the homeland, relatives, comrades, voluntarily passes to the side of the enemy. This treason was aggravated by the fact that he rushed into battle against his father, brother, former friends. Unworthy, shameful death is the result of its moral fall.
Loss of spiritual values B.Vasiliev "Germaman". The events of the story allow you to see how in today's life the so-called "new Russians" seek to get rich at any cost. Spiritual values \u200b\u200bare lost, because culture has left our lives. The society split, a bank account became Merille, in him. The moral coat began to grow in the souls of people who have lost faith in good and justice.
V.Astafyev "Lyudochka". Grown in the village among poverty and drunkenness, cruelty and immorality, the heroine of the story is looking for salvation in the city. Having become a victim of coarse violence, in the situation of universal indifference, the man cums the life of suicide.
V. Izerezniki "Stuffed". About how the process of loss of spiritual values \u200b\u200breflected on the young generation of the 80s, told Vladimir Zharinnikov in the story. A weak creature appears in front of us: Angry, with strangeness Girl Lena. It is she who becomes a victim of the silent of her classmates. Some of them do not know what they do, others know that Lena is not to blame for anything, but prefer to be silent about it. Brutally sound amazing relying victim at Zheleznikov. "We are not needed! Chu-Che Lo-Oh! " - Her classmates screaming in the face of Lena. It remains only to think: where in young hearts such a animal malice, where does such a passion for the tormenting of the neighbor? The belt is ends with Lena departure from the city. Her departure more reminds of flight. But the writer gives the painters of Lena the opportunity at the last moment to overlook and understand who they were expelled. Together with Lena disappeared in the class of kindness, gullibility, compassion, love. Late, but still comes to the guys, the consciousness that cannot be live in the animal laws: "Tosca, such desperate longing on human purity, in disinterested courage and the nobility grantfully captured their hearts and demanded an exit."
V.Astafyev "Postscriptum". The author with shame and indignation describes the behavior of listeners at the concert of the symphony orchestra, which, despite the excellent performance of famous works, "began to leave the hall. Yes, it's just that they left him, silently, carefully - no, with perturbations, shouts, who were leaving, as if deceived them in the best lies and dreams. "
Inhumanity, cruelty R. Broadbury "Dwarf". Ralph, the hero of the story is a cruel and heartlessness: he, being the owner of the attraction, replaced the mirror, in which the dwarf came to look, comforted by the fact that at least in reflection he sees himself high, slim and beautiful. Once again, the dwarf, who was awaiting himself to see himself the same, with pain and horror runs from a terrible spectacle, reflected in the new mirror, but his suffering only entertain the Ralph.
I.Sturgenev "Mumu". Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is not only a great Russian writer, but also an active defender of weak, humiliated and disadvantaged. He also watched a little boy with a brutal and unfair appeal to his powerful landowners with serfs. Having become a writer, Turgenev on the pages of their works tried as honestly and openly express their attitude towards the fastener right. Reading the story "Mumu", we get acquainted with the heroes of the events described. This is the "nice man" Gerasim, and a timid worker Tatiana, and the wonderful butler Gavril, and the desired shoe Capital Klimov, and many others. Many grief and disord recognized each of them in his life, but the most amazing thing is that the fates of all these people are completely given in the hands of a capricious, touchy, powerful and stupid Baryn, any change in the mood of which can even cost the lives of serf. Surrounded by flattering and cowardly survivors, the lady never thinks about the fact that a subalka person may have pride and dignity. Addressing the serfs, as with the toys, she wakes them in his intelligence, relieves from place to place, execute and might. Adapting to the discarded nature of the Baryni, the Chelyant becomes a cunning, dodgy, false or intimidant, cowardly, unrequited. The worst thing is that no one is trying to change anything, because such a state of affairs is the norm adopted by all. And if the life of the fortress sulfur and the same name, the life of Baryni is "sad and right." There was no, no and there will never be friends, loved ones and even truly loved ones, because it does not need honesty and frankness, she does not know what it is.
Y.Yakovlev "He killed my dog." The hero of the story picked up the dog's abandoned owners. He is full of care for a defenseless creature and does not understand the Father, when he demands to drive a dog: "What did the dog prevented? .. I could not drive a dog, it was already kicked out." The boy is shocked by the cruelty of his father, who called the gullible dog and fired him in his ear. He not only hated his father, he lost faith in good, in justice.
Crime and punishment for him A.S. Makarenko "Pedagogical Poem". When we are talking about theft, I remember the images of interzernants from the novel "Pedagogical Poem". These are images of vagrants, found out on the street, at the bottom of life for one reason or another. Abandoned on the mercy of fate, they are forced to steal to feed. By staging once, they soon become on a slippery path, which certainly leads to trouble. Following the saying: "Not caught - not a thief," the streets think about the impunity of their actions. The habit of stealing kills human qualities in their soul. Among the pupils of Makarenko a lot of all sorts of vorays. This is Karabanov, and Prikhodko, and others. One day Prikhodko, already being in the colony, stole a chicken. Not because I wanted to eat, but simply because it entered his habit. And how was his ashamed for him for a committed crime, when before all the pupils of the colony, he was forced to eat this chicken. How he cried bitterly! Probably at that very moment the boy realized that every crime must be punished.
F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment." There are many artistic works, which describe the moment of theft and subsequent punishment. Rodion of Raskolnikov, the hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment" goes to theft, which will attract a double murder. A person who was well prepared for a crime, who thought out his own step, who had an excuse to his crime, falls into a terrible misfortune: conscience punishes him much more than law enforcement agencies. After all, no soulless crime remains unpunished.
Genuing, human nonentity, fear of higher A.P. Chekhov "Death of the official. Worry officials in an incredible degree infected with the spirit of the composure: sneezing and sprinkling Lysin ahead of the sitting General splaslov (and he did not pay attention to it), Ivan Dmitry was so frightened that after repeated humiliated requests to forgive him died of fear.
A.P.chekhov "Fat and thin". The characters of the story "Fat and Thin" - friends of childhood. They have names, the author even calls them, but the names are not important here at all. The characteristics "thick" and "thin" are much more fully revealed by the inner essence of these heroes: a satisfied life, a successful secret adviser and a fussy, barely racing ends meet, college assessor. While the difference in the position of them is unknown, their eyes are glowing with sincere joy, and friends, interrupting each other, remember the former times, ask about the current living - to be. But here is the famous their official position. With fat, to surprise, there is no change, it really worries memories, old gymnasic trips. But what happened to the subtle? Why did he "suddenly pale, passed," "cringed, burned, narrowed"? Why his joyful face "twisted in all directions to the widest smile"? What happened to his speech? How it is terrible that a person is able to humiliate so much, just felt the difference in official position! We are facing a person deprived of self-esteem, self-esteem. The author wants to emphasize that respect for superior and slave sinovation is completely different things, and a person should be able to behave adequately and remain a person on any level of the service stairs.
A.S.Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Molchanin, a negative character of the comedy, I am sure that you should please not only "all people without rewriting", but even "the dog of the janitor, so that Laskov was." The need to steerly please the birth and his novel with Sofia, his daughter Mr. and the benefactor of Famusov. Maxim Petrovich, "Character" of a historic joke, which Mizhov says to the edification of the Chatcoma, in order to earn the arrangement of the Empress, turned into a jester, having fun in ridiculous drops.
Dullness and aggressiveness A.P.Chekhov "Unter Poribyeev". ONTER-Officer Haribeyev for 15 years keeps the whole village in fear with its absurd requirements and coarse physical strength. Even seeking a month in custody for his unlawful actions, he could not get rid of the desire to command. The purpose of this Unter-Officer is to prick about the root of the "retreat from the law and order", whatever it is. Harbies are not just Grubian and ignorant, Unter in it completely departed a person, just a walking "function" remained. In fact, this is a bright voluntary performer punitive function of power. He understands that civil servants exist to guide the order, but since now it is not needed by his denunciations, he suffers from his public nature, and he cannot leave the unpunished mess. The retired Unter is confident that protects the interests of society, and this feeds his active life position: "If I will not overclock them, then who will become?" "Evil Seeds" of Pubbiers will germinate and today, because they are rooted in their own nature of potential carriers of this evil in people who have lost human intrinsicity.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Story of one city". Stupid and aggressive silly town teams, especially sullen-burver, are striking the reader with absurreness, grotesque of their orders and solutions. For example, Gulm-burver decides to rebuild the city in its project, which is very similar to the prison. The author characterizes the sullen-burver as a complete idiot that does not see the nose. But in this radius everything should be as he wants. The sullen burver destroys stupid, trying to overwrite the river, but nature turns out to be stronger.
Rudeness M.Zoshchenko "History of Disease". A satirical story telling about the attitude of medical personnel to an unfortunate patient allows you to see how the rudeness is indestructible in people: "Maybe you will order to put you in a separate ward and put the watch for you so that he flies from you and fleas?" - the nurse stated in response to the request to bring order in the department.
A.N.Sostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Distoli Character - Typical Ham, who insults and the nephew of Boris, calling him "Darmo", "damned", and many inhabitants of the city of Kalinov. Impunity gave rise to a complete misconception in the wild. Basic features of wild - rudeness, ignorance, flare and nonsense character. "There is also a crossover, as we have Savel Prokofich, look back! For nothing, the person will break through, "says Shapkin about him. The whole life of the wild is based on "curses". Neither cash payments, nor trips to the bazaar - "nothing without interference does nothing." Most of all gets from the wild home and came from Moscow to the nephew Boris.
D.Fonvizin "Lady". Mrs. Prostakova his Khamsky behavior in relation to the surrounding considers the norm: she is a hostess in the house that no one dares to reach. Therefore, she has Tishka "Cattle", "Bolon" and "Thieves Kharya". Son Mrs. Prostaya, Mitrofanushka, Rough and Cruel. He does not put his father in anything, mocks teachers and serfs. It is used by the fact that the mother in it does not have a soul, and turns her, as he wants. I think, through the image of Mitrofan Fonvizin shows the degradation of the Russian nobility: from generation to generation, his ignorance, rudeness, rudeness increases, people gradually turn into beasts. No wonder Catynin calls Mitrofan "Chushka Damned".
A.P.hekhov "Chameleon". A police officer of craczymes is filled with those who stand above him at the service staircase and feels like a formidable boss in relation to those who are lower. He changes in every situation his opinions on the opposite, depending on which person is significant or not - it turns out in it.
MA Bulgakov "Dog's heart". The main character of the story of M.A. Bulgakov "Dog's Heart", Professor Preobrazhensky - a hereditary intellectual and an outstanding medical scientist. He dreams of turning the dog into man. So the balls appear on the light with the heart of the stray dog, the brain of a person with three triggers and a pronounced passion for alcohol. As a result of the operation carried out, the accuracy, although the tricky ball turns into a rude lumpen, capable of betrayal. The balls feels the owner of life, he brazenly, Chvanquing, aggressive. He quickly learns to drink vodka, rude servants, turn his ignorance into weapons against education. The life of the professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a hectic hell. The ball is the image of the Khamsky attitude towards people.
Aphorisms about rudeness. Rudeness as an answer to insult indicates a weakness of nature; rudeness as a familiar behavior manner - about spiritual poverty; Hamsia in order to insult and humiliation - about moral flaw.
Destroying the influence of money on the morality of people N.V.Gogol "Dead Souls". The image of Stepan Plushkin, a stingy landowner, personifies the full death of the human soul, the death of a strong person, without the rest of the misority absorbed by passion. This passion caused the destruction of all related and friendly connections, and Plushkin himself simply lost the human appearance.
A.S. Pushkin "Peak Lady". Hermann, the central character of the story, passionately craves to get rich, and for the sake of this, wanting to take possession of the mystery of the three card numbers and win, becomes the unwitting killer of the old Countess, the cause of the suffering of Lizaveta Ivanovna, her pupils. The cherished three cards helped the hero to win several times, but the passion for the money played with him a keen joke: Hermann went crazy when she accidentally put a peak lady instead of ace.
O. Balzak Gobsek. Gobsek's Roshovist is the personification of the power of money. Love for gold, thirst for enrichment kill all human feelings in it. The only thing that he seeks is to have ever big and big wealth. It seems absurd that a person who owns millions lives in poverty and, accumulating on bills, prefers to walk on foot, without hiding the cab driver. Looking a modest, inconspicuous life, it would seem, does not harm anyone and does not interfere in anything. But with those few people who add to him for help, he is so merciless, so deaf to all their plea, which resembles some kind of soulless car rather than a person. Gobsek is not trying to get close to any person, he has no friends, the only people with whom he meets is his partners by profession. He knows that he has a heiress, the grandchildren, but does not seek to find her. He does not want to know anything about her, because she is his heiress, and Gobsek is hard to think about the heirs, because he cannot accept the fact that he will someday die and dispel with his wealth. Gobsek tends to spend their vital energy as little as possible, so he does not experience, does not sympathize with people, always remains indifferent to the whole surrounding.
Drunkenness F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment." Semen Zakharovich Marmaladov - Title Advisor, Father Sonya. Marmaladova drunkenness made a pitiful being, which, aware of the extremely plight of the family, nevertheless does not find the strength to cope with this vice. Raskolnikov meets with him in a restaurant, where he tells him his life and confesses to sins - that he drinks and cut the things of his wife, that his own daughter Sonya because of a poverty and his drunkenness went to the panel. Twice Raskolnikov accompanies him home: for the first time drunk, for the second time - crushed by horses. The image is associated with one of the main topics of Dostoevsky's creativity - poverty and humiliation, in which he dies gradually losing dignity and from the last forces clinging to him.
M.Gorky "At the bottom." The actor is a drunkard who suffers from the emptiness and meaninglessness of his life. Drunkenness led him to the fact that he even forgot his name, favorite monologues and roles. The painting of the terrible "bottom" in the play is a regular finale of those who are looking for salvation from life problems in drunkenness.
Egoism A.P.Chekhov "Anna on the neck." Annie, becoming a western official, feels the queen, and the rest - slaves. She even forgot his father and brothers who are forced to sell the most needed not to die from hunger.
A.S. Pushkin "Evgeny Onegin". Belinsky called Onegin's "suffering egoist." The soul of this Pushkin Hero seems to consist of two parts: an external and inner shell. Externally, this is a cold, calculating person who is not able to love, empathize, enjoy life. And inside Onegin is a subtle romantic, capable of feeling the world around him. The drama of this hero is that he replaced the real human feelings, love, faith with a cold cynical calculation. But a person cannot live life without making mistakes. You can not calculate every step and listen only to the voice of the mind, you need to feel and worry. Therefore, I sincerely sorry Pushkin Hero. After all, if he listened to his heart, melted cold ice, forced to burn, then, perhaps, the novel would have a different end. And the egoism of Onegin is not so much of his fault, but his trouble, and that is why he suffers.
D.London "In the distant edge." Weserby and Catfert, having left for the north of gold, are forced to be overwhelmed together in a hut that stands far from inhabited places. And here with cruel eyes are their endless egoism. Relations between them are the same competitive struggle, only not for profit, but for survival. And under the conditions, in which they found it, the outcome of it can not be different than in the final of the novels: the dying Cathfert attached by the Weserby body, whom he finished in the animal fight because of the sugar cup.
Vandalism D.S.Likhachev "Letters of good and beautiful." The author tells what indignation he was tested when he learned that a cast-iron monument was blown up on the Borodino field in 1932 on the grave of Bagration. At the same time, someone left a giant inscription on the wall of the monastery, built on the site of the death of another hero - Tuchkov: "Pretty storing the remains of the slave past!" In the late 1960s, a travel palace was demolished in Leningrad, who even during the war, our fighters tried to save, not destroy. Likhachev believes that "the loss of any monument of culture is unbelievable: they are always individual."
F.Sologub "Smallord". An example of evil vandalism is shown in the novel F. Sologuba "small demon." For the heroes of this work, receiving pleasure by causing evil to other people is a constituent daily life. In one of the episodes of the novel, it is described as they splash the remnants of coffee on the wallpaper, and then begin to bother legs along the walls of the room, trying to blur them. Thus, they hope to harm the apartment hostess, who did not do anything bad. "We are always when we eat, the pains of the wall," says Sologuba hero, "let him remember"
I.Bunin "The Okayan Days". Bunin assumed that the revolution is inevitable, but even in a terrible dream could not imagine that atrocity and vandalism, like natural forces, breaking out of the Cakes of the Russian Soul, will turn people into a distraught crowd, destroying everything in their path.
Slave love L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" shows the manifestation of slave love on the example of Helen Kuragina and Pierre Baud. The writer emphasizes that the heroine wishes as long as possible to remain beautiful outwardly to hide the ugliness of the soul. Helen - Beauty, but she is a monster. The heroine forced Pierre to utter the words of love, decided for him that he loved her. As soon as Duhov turned out to be rich, he married him to himself. Cynicism and calculation are the main qualities of the heroine, allowing it to achieve his goals. Such as helen cannot love and be loved.
I.A. Bunin "Muza". Muza, the heroine of the same story from the "Dark Alley" cycle, believes that it is meaningless to shoot a person, it is useless to love him, because still you will experience the pain of loss. She lives on the principle that the moral of society is dictated to her. Muza broke into the life of the hero suddenly, subjugated his desires and interests. To see his beloved more often, the novice artist threw his studies, went to the village, every day I met her at the station. But she does not know how to appreciate the feelings of a loved one. Love for the muse is similar to the toy. Having written, she throws the hero of the story, even not explaining anything to him, he leaves his neighbor, a prison, red, a fierce man. Fits a new slave.
Loneliness of man A.P.chekhov "Vanka". Vanka beetles - orphan. He is given to training a shoemaker to Moscow, where he lives very hard. You can learn about it from the letter, which he sent "to the village of Grandfather" Konstantin Makarovich with a request to pick it up. The boy will remain lonely, uncompretable in a cruel and cold world.
Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Surrounded by maternal care, Katerina was very happy, living in his world and not knowing everyday worries. Coming out married Tikhon Kabanov, it enters the situation of cruel morals of the city of Kalinov, in the "alien kart", which is distant from the parental house. Katerina languishes in the house of Kabanova, where there is no will feel feelings, there is no freedom and there is no understanding. The lonely soul of Katerina fades in the world hostile to her, and only love that broke out to Boris can quench the lost harmony with the world. But love was not salvation: Boris was too frantic. Surrounded by anger, universal condemnation and misunderstanding, tormented by his own spiritual torments, Katerina finds the only way to death.
A.P.Chekhov "Tosca". The exclusion of Potapov's ions died the only son. To overcome the longing and sharp sense of loneliness, he wants to tell someone about his misfortune, but no one wants to listen to him, no one before him. And then the horses say all his history: it seems to him that it was she who listened to him and sympathized with grief.
V.Astafyev "Lyudochka". Lyudochka, who grew up in the "Furious Village", did not receive a completely maternal concern and love. Lonely at home and at school, she was alone and in a small provincial town, in which "cruel morals" reigned. When the trouble happened to her man, no one came to help her, no one supported. It did not protect and artemka-soap, who provided her signs of attention. Lyudochka is morally weaker than the heroine of Ostrovsky, but the question arises in front of it: how to live on, what to do with his pain? And choose your destiny itself. Like Katerina, the man has chosen death, because it was not able to endure spiritual flour. The death of human and Katerina is a sentence to society in which people are deprived of human warmth, a society in which despotism and violence of personality reigns.
I.A. Bunin "Beauty". I.A. Bunina has a stunning story of "Beauty", telling about the loneliness of the child. The story is old as a world ... the boy died the mother, and the new Father's wife did everything to turn the boy's life into a nightmare. "And this poor, intolerant in his own family of a child in his round solitude" lives "a completely independent life, isolated from the whole house."

The attitude of a person to war

Types of problems Arguments
Courage, human heroism in war M.A.Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, fought for the salvation of his homeland and all mankind from fascism, losing his relatives and comrades. He suffered the hardest trials at the front. News on the tragic death of his wife, two daughters, son collapsed on the hero. But Andrei Sokolov is a Russian soldier of an inflexible will, suffering everything! He found the strength in himself to commit not only a military, but also a moral feat, adopting a boy who had a war from his parents. The soldiers in the terrible conditions of the war, under the onslaught of enemy strength remained a man and did not break. This is a real feat. Just because of these people, our country won in a very difficult struggle with fascism.
B.Vasiliev "And dawns here are quiet." Rita Ojanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkin, Sonya Gurvich, Galya Faud, and a foreman of Vaskov, the main characters of the work, showed real courage, heroism, moral excerpt, fighting for their homeland. They could no longer save their lives, it was necessary only a little later to retreat from their own conscience. However, the heroes were confident: it is impossible to retreat, you need to fight until the end: "I don't give a nurse to the nurse ... no matter how hard it is, no matter how hopelessly to keep ...". These are the words of a true patriot. All characters are shown by acting, fighting, dying in the name of the salvation of the Motherland. It was these people who were blocked by the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and in the occupation, fought on the front.
B.Poleva "Tale of this man." Everyone knows the immortal work of Boris Polevoy "Tale of the Real Man." At the heart of dramatic history - the real facts of the biography of the pilot - fighter Alexei Meresyev. Drown in battle over the occupied territory, he made his way through the shuffled forests, until he fell to the partisans. Losing both legs, the hero subsequently shows an amazing nature of character and replenishes the bill of air victories over the enemy.
Patriotism as the most important trait of a national character M.P.Devyatayev. True love is manifested when it is necessary to defend your fatherland. This is what adequately completed the generation, saved the world from fascism. I am glad that my countryman was the hero of the Soviet Union M.P.Devyatayev. His story "Escape from hell" was not created by a writer, but an eyewitness of those terrible events. Fearless combat departures of Nestyatayev and his comrades against the enemy. Is this not love for Fatherland? In July 1944, Ninetayev was shot down by the enemies and was captured, which became a hurriculous test in the life of a young pilot. The hero of the war told in his book about how in inhuman conditions people remained people, thinking about their homeland! The bold plan for the capture of the aircraft and escape struck not only compatriots, but the whole world. The life of such people is a model of true love for the Motherland, devotion to their people. And patriotism gives people the strength to make the impossible, overcome the difficulties of the path to victory.
In the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and the World" shows the decisive episode of the war of 1812 - the Borodino battle and the care of residents from Moscow. The author emphasizes that a greater number of Muscovites put on uniforms and preached patriotism. Pierre, embraced by this feeling, is equipped with a thousand militia, and himself remains in Moscow to kill Napoleon. Natasha not only disposes to accommodate the wounded at home, but also confuses the parents as necessary to give the supply on which family wealth could be taken out. The great meaning of Moscow for all Russian people tolly conveyed in the words: "All the people want to fulfill; One word - Moscow. " The outcome of the Borodino battle depended on the feeling that was in all participants in the battle. This feeling is true patriotism, the immense rise of which at the decisive day convinces Bolkonsky in the fact that the Russians will certainly win.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". One of the central problems of the novel is true and false patriotism. Favorite Heroes Tolstoy do not speak high words about love for their homeland, they are committed in the name of her actions: Natasha Rostov, without hesitation, persuades the mother to give the supply to the wounded under Borodino, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky gets fatal injury on the Borodino field. But authentic patriotism, according to Tolstoy, in ordinary Russian people, soldiers who are without a rice, without high phrases, spend their duty, at a minute of mortal danger giving life to their homeland. If in other countries, Napoleon fought against the armies, then in Russia he was opposed to all people. People of different classes, different titles, different nationalities ran in the fight against the general enemy, and with such a mighty force no one can cite. Tolstoy even writes that under the Borodin, the French army suffered a moral defeat - our army won this battle thanks to spirit and patriotism.
In the novel "In the trenches of Stalingrad", V.Nekrasov argues that there is a "miracle" that makes the Russians to fight to the last soldier? Love for Russian land and songs about their homeland give our soldiers in the war. The author emphasizes that the fighters are ready to perform at any time, because after a minute after the order heard their step is heard. The author says that neither the organization of the Germans, nor the tanks with black crosses can be broken by Russian soldiers, because there is still a "miracle" in each of them, the chance of victory remains. The writer brings readers to the thought that "hidden heat of patriotism" and there is a "miracle", in a difficult moment uniting all the people, helps to win over a stronger opponent.
Moral choice of man in war V. Besto "Sotnikov". During the war in crisis situations, people often face a gravily choice: life or death. Life purchased by the price of moral fall, or death from the hands of the executioner. The impotence over the enemy leads to cowardice, and therefore, to betrayal. About this story V. Blessov "Sotnikov". Two heroes appear in front of readers, fishermen and centuries. During the fulfillment of combat tasks, they captured. Physically weak centuries, even under torture shows moral strength: it does not give anyone and dies with the hero. It is important for him to leave life with a person inherent in dignity. He died in martial arts with fascists and with its own weakness. He remained a man in inhuman circumstances. Fisherman, the second hero of the story, shows impotence over the enemy and becomes a traitor. He participates in the execution of Sotnikov. And only seeing hatred in the eyes of the locals, he feels that he has nowhere to run. The story ends with an unsuccessful attempt to suicide a fisherman, after which reconciliation will come with betrayal.
Condemnation of war, human attitude to war E.Marc "On the Western Front without Change." German writer Erich Maria Remark in his famous novel "On the Western Front without Change" describes the horrors of the First World War. The story is conducted on behalf of its participant - a nineteen-year-old boy, in front of whom his peers die, while their children's psyche cannot adapt to the conditions of the war. The novel describes insane, inhuman, violent war conditions, where people die in flour. And not only physical, but also spiritual. A nineteen-year-old narrator loses the meaning of life, at the bottom of the deaths of his peers, he desires, and soon he was killed, while the main thing is that he has long suffered. In these stitches, the main - tragic is the meaning of the novel: the war is the worst state of humanity, the salvation in which death is provided.
E.Hemingi "Goodbye, weapons." The American Writer Enerst Hemingway was a member of the First World War. He describes in his works madness preventing in the world during hostilities, and what can save people from the final madness and absolute spiritual void, is, of course, first of all, love. We read about it in the novel "Farewell, weapons." But the end of this work is tragic: even love could not save the mother's life and her just born a child. They left early, and with them disappears the meaning of life for the chief hero of the work. He remains alone with war ... This example illustrates inhumanity, madness and absurdity of what is called war.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". I consider L.N. the main prosecutor of the war in Russian literature. Tolstoy. He wrote bright lines in the novel "War and Peace", which, in my opinion, is obliged to memorize every chapter of the state, each ruler: "The war began, that is, the enemy's nasty human reason and the whole human nature has been accomplished.
Memory mapping soldier Konstantin Simonov's poet, who during the war, worked as a correspondent of the newspaper "Red Star" and was constantly in the current army, writes: Do not forget about the soldiers that they beat out of the last forces, in the bandages moaned in Medsanbathah so hoped on the world! I'm sure no one From those soldiers who wrote Simonov will never be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in memory.
Man's behavior in war, manifestation of humanism in war K. Vorobyev "German in Wovenka". Recall the story of Konstantin Vorobyeva "German in Valenci", where he tells about how a German soldier, a watchman in the camp of the barns, penetrates sympathy to the Russian prisoner of war. Why did Willie Brody regretted the Soviet soldier? Because he, Willy, a simple peasant, also condemns the war, it was forced to go to the front. But the main thing that brings closer to the Germans with a Russian soldier is a general ailment: they both frightened the legs in the war ...
A. Aadamovich "Dirm". The main hero of the story of A. Adamovich "Smey" is a vivid example of true humanism. Franz during the war received an order to burn a house in the Belarusian village, in which he lived. But he could not kill the little girl to Polina and her mother and along with them hiding from the Nazis to the cellar. And when Soviet troops come, Polina represents the German to a dumb brother, saving him, as Franz Save them.
V. Besto "Third Rocket". In the description of a person in the war of V. Bestov avoids one-sided image. In the story, the "third rocket" the author tells the brave calculation, which is struggling alone for three days with German tanks and armored personnel carriers. People, different in character, age, temperament, are united by one: a sense of honor, the consciousness that they fulfill their military debt, the ability to take responsibility in the most difficult life situations. The most important feat of these people is the victory over themselves, above its fatigue and pain, fear and hopelessness ... He leads them all to the great victory!
False patriotism L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In the novel L.N. Tolstoy, the problem of false patriotism is shown in the example of A.P. Sheher and guests of her salon. These are people who have been able to talk about patriotism, talking high speeches, and in fact they were not ready to stand up for their country's defense. They spoke in their native language with an emphasis. The Hero of the Berg Roman's Hero can be called, who was proudly a patriot everywhere, but as soon as the French approached Moscow, he cared not about her defense, but about buying in the cheap of expensive things hastily leaving the city. Enrichment on the trouble of the Fatherland - is it not enough?
Man growing in war L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". War makes a person become more courageous, strong, mature. This confirmation can be found in many literary works. One of the bright examples is Roman L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The hero of the novel Pierre Duhov with horror oversees the Borodino battle. His, not accepting violence over man, the picture of hostilities makes thinking over important philosophical issues. Some time later, Pierre enters captivity, and his worldview changes. He is aware of a lot, which did not give values \u200b\u200bbefore. It can be said that he did not participate in hostilities, but the war helped him move to the truth, to the answers to the questions he was looking for all his life. She made him wiser and older.
V.A. Caveryin "Two Captains". The story begins with the childhood of the main hero of Sani, who was too early forced to take care of himself. Thus, he began to grow up since childhood. Participation in the Great Patriotic War hardered him without that hard. He had more than once, risking life, stir enemy destroyers and bombard strategically important objects. Sanya was wounded, but survived, and the war was raised in it and forced to become even more mature.

Problems related to positive moral qualities of personality

Types of problems Arguments
Nostalgia, longing for homeland I.A. Bunin. Many outstanding poets left Russia forcedly, but forever retained in the heart of love for her. In verses of Russian emigrants a lot of traganism, bitterness, despair. So, for example, I. A. Bunina, the cutoff of the house injured so much that for a while made silenced and painted it written in pessimistic tones. Little poems created in emigration are permeated with a sense of loneliness, homelessness, longing in their homeland. Love Bunin to Russia above ideological political strife. Bunin-emigrant did not adopt a new state, but today we returned as the national heritage of all the best, which was created by the writer.
M.Yu. Lermontov "Tuchi". The poem "Tuchi" reveals the image of a flavor away from the human homeland. Much managed to see the lyrical hero, experience a lot. He sees his inner relationship with clouds running across the sky. A person is hard to live away from his native land, especially if he is a poet. That is why such deep sadness filled with the memories of the hero about the favorite north. Not by goodwill he left his homeland, became an exile. What caused the reason for? The same question is asked by the clouds. The words of the poet are filled with bitterness and hidden anger. It can be seen that his fate has changed injustice and lies, envy and malice. Without opportunities to resist the decision of fate, the hero is not going to humble internally, in the soul he is proud and independent, although indefinitely alone. What can answer the exile of clouds? They silently swim through the sky, not knowing where, without knowing. I think no for any treasures of the world will not agree the poet to take such freedom - without friends and enemies, without a homeland. And in this thoughts, I'm sure the poet will find consolation of her loneliness.
M.Yu.Lermontov "MTSYRY". M.Yu.Lermontov writes about the Georgian boy who lost freedom and homeland. Almost all his youth of the MTSIR spent in the monastery. They made a huge longing of native home, where he spent short, but happy childhood. The only idea of \u200b\u200bhis thought was about shooting. Mcyri forcedly alone, not in their will. He dreams of another life - full experiences and anxieties, heothes his existence in the monastery, tired of monotony and boredom. Tosca middle and freedom encourages him to start another way. His children's subsidiary, who won the top over the mind, encourages him to flee from the puffy monastery. He escaped from the stuffy celi, which stifled his freedom, in nature. This is the same thing for MTSERS - freedom and nature. He, like no one feels her beauty and liberty. And their homeland for him is the magnificent world, where the soul of the hero is striving, pulling away from the captivity of the monastery.
M. Tsvetaeva "Tosca in Motherland". Marina Tsvetaeva had a very difficult fate. For several years she had to live abroad in emigration. However, she carried his love for his homeland through all the troubles that fell into her share. The rejection of the poetry of Tsvetaeva, as well as the desire of the poet to reunite with the emigrated husband and caused the departure of Tsvetaeva abroad. In emigration, Marina was very alone. But it was there that she created her wonderful poem "longing in his homeland", so you can absolutely say exactly that the topic of this work is homeland, and the idea is the love of Tsvetaeva to his debris. The loneliness of the heroine is pronounced, its dislike for someone else's country, as well as sadness and suffering from a break from his native land. And in the words "soul, born somewhere", generally sounds complete removal from a specific time and space. There was no trace left from the birth line at all.
Love to motherland "The word about the regiment of Igor." To the Earth of Russian as a whole, all thoughts are addressed to the Russian people, all the senses of the author "Words ...". He speaks of the extensive spaces of his homeland, about her rivers, mountains, steppes, cities, villages. But the Russian land for the author "Word ..." is not only Russian nature and Russian cities. This is primarily the Russian people. Talking about the campaign of Igor, the author does not forget about the people of Russian. Igor took a campaign on the Polovtsy "For Earth Russian." His warriors are "Rusichi", Russian Sons. Turning the border of Russia, they say goodbye to their homeland, with Russian Earth, and the author exclaims: "About Russian land! You are over the hill. "
ODY M.V. Lomonosov. The idea of \u200b\u200bpatriotism is also characteristic of poetic creativity M. V. Lomonosov. Motherland, her immense expanses, its inexhaustible natural wealth, its strength and power, its future greatness and glory is the main topic of Lomonosov. She clarifies and complements the theme of the Russian people. Lomonosov is chasing the talent of the great Russian people, the mighty spirit of his troops, the Russian fleet. He expresses firm confidence that the Russian land is able to give birth to his own great scientists, its "Russian Columbus", great cultural figures. With this theme echoes the Lomonosov and the theme of the heroes, great Russian people. He sees such heroes in Ivan IV and Peter I, especially in the latter. In the famous Ode "For the Day of Eden ..." the poet glorifies Peter as the Creator of New Russia. Lomonosov Slavite Peter as a wrestler against the backwardness in which Russia was held to him, is famous for the creation of a mighty army and fleet, for supporting sciences.
M. Yu. Lermontov "Motherland". The poet loved his homeland with high love. He loved her people, her nature, wanted happiness with her country. According to Lermontov, love his homeland - it means to fight for her freedom, hate those who hold their native country in slavery chains. Love for the Motherland is the topic of these poems of Lermontov, as "Complaints Turka", "Borodin's" field, "Borodino", "Two Giak". But with a special force and completeness, this topic is revealed in the poem "Motherland" created by the poet a few months before his death. Here Lermontov opposes his patriotism to the official, officials patriotism. He declares his blood connection with Russian, native nature, with the Russian people, with the sorrows and the joys of his life. His love for the Motherland of Lermontov calls "strange," because he loves the people of their country, nature, but hates the "country of the Lord", autocably-serfdom, official Russia.
Loyalty to this word A.S. Pushkin "Evgeny Onegin". Tatyana Larina, the heroine of the novel, well learned the lesson given to her Onegin in the village. Tatiana learned to "maintain himself." Her love for Eugene Onegin did not pass. Tatyana's effort will suppressed this feeling in itself, but the more descended it for her. This inner fire, according to Belinsky, burns the heroine, the greater, the more she suppresses it. But the beauty of this woman is that she will never give this fire to break out. Tatiana, giving his hand to her husband, never change him, or rather, herself. The faithfulness of the Word is its principle, and Tatiana will never change his ideals. The beautiful and dramatic words that the heroine says at the end of the novel, will become the benchmark of the behavior of Russian women: I love you (what to smear?), But I'm given to another; I will be true.
A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". The episode "Military Council of Pugacheva" is an important link in the story "Captain's daughter". He reveals the peculiarities of the relationship in Pugachevsky will help understand the character of Greeneva and the attitude of the writer himself to such concepts as debt, noble honor, loyalty to this word. Pugachev recognizes a decent opponent in the Grinev. He is imbued with respect for this man for his courage, honesty and self-esteem. Grineh honestly told Buntar, which can neither serve him nor promise not to serve against him. After all, the oath, this sovereign, for Grneev is sacred. The hero saw that Pugacheva was struck by the sincerity of the hero. He just lets him, without demanding nothing in return. This episode reveals not only the character of Greeneva, his honesty, nobility, loyalty to debt and his word. Here the Pugachev appears, not as a robber and tyrant, and as a strong person with the soul "Naraspyaska", capable of assessing the positive qualities of a person, even if it is his opponent.
In the story of the Kuprin "Fight", describing all the vices of the Russian army of the beginning of the twentieth century, the main hero of the porquet of Romashov is faithful to his word, although this honesty caused his death. For the sake of his career of his not far husband, Shuraka Nikolaeva goes to meanness, dissuading Romashov from the shot. As a result, he dies on a duel.
In the story of Kondratieva Sasha, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, deep moral problems rise. One of them is the loyalty to the Word. Young soldier Sasha refused to kill a German soldier. When Sasha ask how he decided not to fulfill the order - he did not shoot the prisoner, because he understood how he threatened it, the hero is answered simply: "We are, not fascists." In this he is unshakable. And his ordinary words are filled with the deepest meaning: they talk about the irresistibleness of humanity. The fighter was faithful to his inner voice without changing himself.
Human desire for good and happiness V.G. Korolenko "Paradox". Jan Zalsky - cripple, but he believes that "a person is created for happiness, like a bird for flight." The innate misfortune of the hero made him learn to the Mathers own his body, surprising others and forcing them to believe that every person is the Creator of His happiness.
A.P.Chekhov "Bride". In the midst of wedding preparations, Nadia Shumin is solved on an unprecedented time for courage, runs away from the groom, who has become unpleasant, and from the grandmother, powerfully led by all this internally celebrating Mircoma, who seemed to her suddenly unbearably boring, and from the mother who also stopped Being for her the standard of mind and beauty. She throws a house and a wonderful garden, where the spring it happened so well, and runs without a look, runs - although with tears, but with joy, with hope. Without frightened the possible maternal curse, Nadia courageously made a test on which herself ordered. In the center of this story Chekhov is the story of the Great Soul, gradually its exemption from the captivity of oblique ideas about people and about life at all.
F.M.Dostoevsky "Idiot". Prince Myshkin believes in the possibility of paradise on earth, in the ability of people to transform. He does not judge people, and openly, in fraternal, belongs to others. The main quality is humility, the ability to understand the other and compassion. He believes that the beauty will "save the world."
True friendship L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Sincerity and selflessness, mutual understanding and willingness to support each other - here is the basis of the real friendship of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Lyukov, the main characters of the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". What do they unite so different people, why are they interested in each other? Both of them constantly seek to seek truth, good and justice. And how rejoicing Pierre, having learned that Prince Andrei loved Natasha Rostov, as beautiful and generous, when he hides his feeling towards her, moreover, he persuades a friend to forgive her girlfriend her passion to Anatola Kuragin. Without having achieved this, Pierre is painfully going through their gap, it hurts him for both, he fights for their love without thinking about himself. The events of 1812 are a harsh exam for both, and both with honor withstand him, finding its place in the fight against invaders. In front of the Borodino battle, Pierre was to see Prince Andrew, because only he could explain everything that was happening. And here they are found. Pierre's expectations come true: Bolkonsky explains his position in the army. Now Lyukhov understood that "hidden warmth ... patriotism", which flared up in his eyes. They don't have to talk more about souls. Beautiful friendship broke off the enemy grenade. But the deceased friend will forever stay next to Pierre as the most expensive memory, as the most holy, what was in his life. He still mentally advised himself with Prince Andrey and, taking the main thing in his life, to actively fight evil, I am sure: Prince Andrei would be on his side. The pages of "War and Mira", dedicated to the friendship of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Beszheov, unforgettable. After all, in our eyes these people, supporting each other, become better, cleaner, fair. Everyone dreams of such friends and such friendship.
A.S. Pushkin and lyceum friends. In the work of A.S. Pushkin, the topic of friendship occupies a special place. Friendship was for the poet a comprehensive force, which is able to connect people in a strong all life. The feeling of a partnership, loyalty to fraternal uzam, loyalty - all these feelings brought up in Pushkin Tsarskoyel Lyceum. It was there during study he gained a lot of real friends who in the future devoted many poems. No matter how much the circumstances and wherever he threw his fate, Pushkin remained invariably faithfully faithfully: Delvigu, Pushchina, Kyhelbekeere. My Union is beautiful! It's like a soul, inseparable and eternal-olebim, free and careless, he fought under Senuyu friendly Muz.Pushkin considered spiritual relationship, friendly location of the highest life values. As well as the sphere of human relationships, the poet always attributed to the category of beautiful.
A.S. Pushkin and I. Pushkin. Friendship awakens in man the best qualities. A true friend will not leave you in trouble, will be with you and in joy, and in sorrow. How happily met Pushkin his lyceum friend Ivan Pushchina, who, despite the strictest ban, was not afraid to visit the poet in the link. And sending a friend poem to Siberia, the poet turned to him with the words: "My first friend, my friend is invalid!"
Proverbs, accompanied by explanations. It is not by chance that popular wisdom claims the unconditional value of friendship: "I don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends," "old friend is better than new two," "friends are familiar with the misfortune", "a friend of looking for, and found - take care" ... Indeed, faithful friends Ready to divide the grief and joy with you, come to the rescue in a difficult moment. It is friends who give us to understand that we are not alone in this world.
Ability to self-sacrifice, disinterested ministry M.Gorky "Old Man Izergil." In the story of the Russian writer, Prosaika and Maxim Maxim, Maxim Gorky "Old Wasvergil" amazes the image of Danko. This is a romantic hero, who donated to the sake of people. Danko was "the best of all, because there was a lot of strength and living fire in the eyes of him." He led people through the forest with calls to defeat the darkness. But weak people during the way began to fall in spirit and die. Then they accused Danko in the fact that he was ineptly ruled by them. He overcame indignation and in the name of his great love for people ripped his chest, took out his burning heart and ran ahead, holding it as a torch. People ran behind him and overcame a difficult road. And then they forgot their hero. And Danko died.
In the novel, "Crime and Punishment", F.M.Dostoevsky refers to the topic of self-sacrifice for the sake of salvation of someone else's soul, revealing it on the example of the image of the Sonchi marmalade. Sonya is a poor girl from a disadvantaged family. She is sent after the Raskolnikov on the catguard to share it wear and fill it with spirituality. From the compassion and a sense of high social responsibility, Sonya goes to live "on a yellow ticket", after earning the bread of his family. People like Sonya, who have "infinitely insatiable compassion" meet today.
B.Vasiliev "We fly my horses ..." The writer talks about Dr. Yanesen, who possessed the rarest gift to live not for himself. Residents of Smolensk considered him holy, because there was no more disinterested and honest person who gave themselves to people who helps them in everything. From the sense of compassion, the doctor, at the cost of his life, saved children who have failed in the sewer.
Compassion, mercy, love for neighbor A.I. Solzhenitsyn Matrinin Dvor. In the story "Matrinin Dvor" of the Russian writer A.I. Solzhenitsyn amazes the image of Matriol's peasantry, her humanity, selflessness, compassion and love to everyone, even to strangers. Matrius "helped someone else's for free", and herself "did not chase after the leaving": did not start "good," did not try to get a tenant. Especially her mercy is manifested in the situation with the hillside. She allowed us to disassemble his house where he lived his whole life, on the logs for the pupil of Kira, who had nowhere to live. The heroine sacrifices all for the sake of others: countries, neighbors, relatives. And after her quiet death, a description of the cruel behavior of her relatives, who simply wants greed. Thanks to his mental qualities, Matrena made this world better and kinder, sacrificing himself, his life.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". A kindness is such a state of soul when a person is able to come to the aid to others, give advice, and sometimes just regret. Consider understanding the neighbor as himself, a person learns love, opens the horizons of true happiness. So, for example, Petya Rostov, the hero of the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and the World", sympathizes to captured the boy. Despite the fact that the plated was the enemy, Petya offered him a meal, supported his handshake. This small act is largely characterized by Rostov, revealing his spiritual kindness, the ability to love and understand the near.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The sympathy also shows Natasha Rostov, the heroine of Roman L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". She highly possesses the fact that later Chekhov will call a special human talent - a little to someone else's pain. It is this gift from such a heavy soulful crisis of Prince Andrew and returns a mother to life, killed by grief after the death of Petit. Natasha does everything to help the dying princess Andrei and his sister, and after marriage with the same endless passion, gives himself the interests of the family. With all his heart, she perceives a nationwide disaster, not talking, without pronounceing loud phrases. This makes it ensure that the windows are given to the wounded.
M.A. Bulgakov "Mastery Margarita". So Margarita is associated with the novel of Motive Mercy. She asks after the great ball from Satan for the unfortunate Frido, whereas it is clearly hinting at the request for the liberation of the Master. She says: "I asked you for Frida just because I had the negligence to file her firm hope. She is waiting, Messir, she believes in my power. And if it remains deceived, I get into a terrible position. I will not have rest all my life. That's that! So it happened. " But this is not limited to the novel by mercy of Margarita. Even being a witch, she does not lose the brightest human qualities. The thought of Dostoevsky, expressed in the Roman "Karamazov Brothers" on the tear of the child as the highestly good and evil, illustrates the episode when Margarita, crashing the Dramlite House, sees in one of the rooms of a frightened four-year-old boy and stops defeat.
M.A. Bulgakov "Mastery Margarita". Also, mercy in the novel M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita" is vividly drawn in the form of Yeshua. On the last page of the novel, the Pilate asks for Jesus: "After all, there were no executions? I pray you, tell me, wasn't it? " And Yeshua responds: "Well, of course, it was not." And it removes his severity from the heart of the criminal to Pilate. Pilate is responsible for the fact that he was executed innocent on his order, and for it, the "department of Voland" was determined by punishment. But Pilate torments his fault, and it means he deserves forgiveness, because he became different, and therefore, the sin of the past with him needs to be removed. And Yeshua says: "There was no execution!" "And that makes the second miracle, canceling really former, making unprecedented terrible, which was, but what I want to forget - a miracle of mercy."
R. Broadbury "Dwarf". Aimi, the heroine of the story, sees in the dwarf visiting the attraction of the curves of mirrors and comforting the fact that his ugliness in the mirror is transformed into beauty and become, a person with a big soul. It was she who decided to give this mirror dwarf so that at least something pleased the poor man in his accident.
Life example. When the terrorist attack occurred on the railway, the train "Nevsky Express" was undermined, many people were injured. The place where the catastrophe happened, deaf. Around the forest and swamps. But right on the paths worth a lonely house. Grandma Elena Mikhailovna Golubev lives in it. In the night of the tragedy, she was at home, and when the misfortune happened, the grandmother was very frightened. A few minutes later, unfamiliar people, dirty, many in the blood, began to knock her window. I really do not understand what happened, she helped the wounded, gave all her warm things, firewood, which put on the winter. Her house became an item for the provision of first aid. Elena Mikhailovna is still experiencing for those who suffered. Such a person can really be considered kind and merciful.
Elevative power of love M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margartt". Love Masters and Margarita overcame not only human anger and envy, but also madness and even death itself. "Love jumped out before us, as a murderer pops out from under the ground, and struck us both both!" - tells Master Ivan the homeless about his first meeting with Margarita. For him, life existed only when he was with her; All that was before, no matter how existed. He lived this love, these meetings, these evenings in his tiny semi-breeding rooms. The master began to wait for her arrival from the morning, and the whole world had only the meaning for him that she existed in him, Margarita. Margarita love saves the masters. She concludes a deal with wave himself, takes his invitation to become the Queen of the annual Bala of Satan, just to regain his beloved. Margarita donates all: with his well-being, his own life - for his love. And it seems very symbolic that they help her "Dark" forces, because people are no longer able to help her. At the end of the novel, the Master and Margarita acquire what they deserve - peace. They suffered a lot, made a lot and survived and therefore deserved the right to be forever together, in the house where the old servant is waiting for them, where the candles are already burning and the music of Schubert sounds. If a person is capable of great love and great self-sacrifice, he is worthy of the highest award - happiness and peace.
Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet". If you build a certain literary pedestal of love, then the love of Romeo and Juliet will be in the first place. This is perhaps the most beautiful, the most romantic, the most tragic story that Shakespeare told the reader. Two lovers go in advance of fate, despite the hostility between their families, no matter what. Romeo is ready for love to refuse even on his own behalf, and Juliet agrees to die, just to remain faithful Romeo and their high feeling. They die in the name of love, die together, because they can't live without each other: there is no story sadder in the world than a story about Romeo and Juliet ...
I.Sturgenev "Fathers and Children". Let us remember the heroes of Roman Turgenev "Fathers and Children" - Bazarov and Odintsova. Two equally strong personalities collided. But able to love truly turned out to be, oddly enough, bazaars. Love for him has become a strong shock, which he did not expect, and in general, before meeting with Odse Love in the life of this hero, did not play any role. All human suffering, spiritual experiences were unacceptable for his world. Bazarov is difficult to confess his feeling primarily to himself. And what is Odenty? Until their interests were affected, while there was a desire to know anything new, she was also interested in bazaars. But as soon as the topics for common conversations were exhausted, lost and interest. Odintsova lives in his world, in which everything goes according to plan, and nothing can break peace in this world, even love. Bazarov for her something like a draft that flies into the window and immediately flying back. Such love is doomed.
A.I.Kuprin "Pomegranate bracelet". The writer chants the sublime love, opposing her hatred, enmity, distrust, antipathy, indifference. The mouth of General Anosov, he says that this feeling should not be frivolous, nor primitive, neither, especially, to be based on the benefit and care. Love, on Cooker, should be based on elevated feelings, on mutual respect, honesty and truthfulness. She should strive for the ideal. It was such a love Yolkolkov. A small official, a lonely and timid dreamer, falls in love with a young secular lady, a representative of the highest estate. For many years, unrequited and hopeless love continues. Letters of the in love serve as the subject of ridicule and bullying from the members of the family. Does not perceive them seriously and the princess of Vera Nikolaevna - the addressee of these love revelations. A gift sent by an unknown gift - a grenade bracelet - causes a storm. For a small yellow official, the love of the princess faith the cervical became the meaning of life, and the beloved woman - the one in which "the whole beauty of the earth" was embodied. " This feeling helped him to become morally above Bulat-Tuganovsky, the brother of faith, which decided that with the help of the authorities you can prohibit love.
Honour and dignity A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". The honor and debt of the officer were not empty sounds for the nobles of the XVIII century, especially for the patriarchal nobility, shown in the face of Greeneva-senior and commandant of the Belogorsk fortress Captain Mironova, Heroes of the story A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". The captain prefers to die better than swear to the impostor, and Grine-senior considers the duty of the officer to "sniff gunpowder", so he sends his son to serve not to Petersburg, but to the remote province. Peter Greenovev, the main character of the story, embodies the traditional idea of \u200b\u200bnoble honor - this is a faithfulness of the oath, serving the debris, a knightly attitude towards a woman, reliability in friendship, honesty and courage. Even in the face of death, Grinyov continues to behave with dignity, says the truth and retains the loyalty once this oath.
A.S.Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, Hero Comedy A.S.Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", the preservation of domestic dignity, honor sees in a refusal of adaptation and lies. He does not want to live according to the laws of hypocrisy and kindness. "It would be glad to serve - sick," answers Chatsky to Famousov's reproach, which he does not serve anywhere, does not deal with business. In his opinion, it is necessary to serve "the case, and not to persons", "without requiring no places nor the ranks.
The fate of A.S. Pushkin. It is interesting to remark V. Belinsky, who said about Pushkin, that "reading his creations, you can superbly raise a person in yourself." Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself was the "nonweller of honor", as he wrote about him in his poem "death of the poet" another brilliant poet M.Yu.lermonts. He fell victim to dishonest and evil envious. Protecting the honor of his wife and his honor, Pushkin called on Duel Dantes, who could doubt the good name of the four Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich could not live "slandered Molva" and put an end to the invisibility of his own life. He carried the soul of the Pharmaceutical Tariff of the petty offense, he rebelled against the views of Sveti-Sveti, as before ... and killed! But the "wonderful genius" Pushkin is illuminating with his radiant light the lives of many and many Generations of descendants, and the "empty heart" of Dantes did not find happiness on earth and good memory after death. And as Lermontov said "Freedom, Geniya and Glory of the executioner", they will not be able to wash off with their "black blood poet righteous blood!"
Inner beauty of man L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". A person makes an excellent harmonious combination of outdoor and inner beauty. In the novel of L. Tolstoy "War and Peace", the favorite heroes of the writer did not possess external beauty. The author wanted to convey to the reader the idea that physical appeal disappears over the years, and internal beauty remains in man forever. Tolstoy constantly reminds of the external disadvantages of Kutuzov, but the stronger its inner power of the Spirit is manifested. The commander-in-chief of the Russian army is the personification of "good, simplicity and truth". Supporting Andrei Bolkonsky in a difficult moment for him, associated with the death of the father, Kutuzov finds the right words: "... Remember that I carry your loss with you with you and that I am not a bright, not prince, and I have a father."
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The writer endowed one of the main characters of his work, Andrei Bolkonsky, not only external nobility, but also inner, which he discovered not immediately. Andrei Bolkonsky had to survive a lot, a lot to rethink, before he was able to forgive his enemy, dying Anatol Kuragin, an intrigue and a traitor, to whom he had experienced only hatred. This example illustrates the ability of a noble person to achieve genuine spiritual height.
A.I. Solzhenitsyn Matrinin Dvor. The problem of true and false beauty sounds in the work of writers of modern literature: Solzhenitsyn, Astafieva, Rasputin, Shukshina. The main heroine of the story of Solzhenitsyn Matrinin Dvor is endowed with a negligence appearance. Only one item is repeated - "radiant smile" of Matriots. The author is important to portray the inner light, flowing out of her eye, and emphasize the thought: "All people always have a good face who are in Ladakh with their conscience." Only the death of the hostess forced the storyteller to understand her spiritual essence. Therefore, it sounds so much in the story of the motive of repentance.
A. Platonov "Yushka". Inner culture is true value. Such is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe story of A. Pulatonov "Yushka". The main character is a simple, harmless person who will not respond to rudeness by rudeness, not harruy in the world, but opposing his kindness. All his life, Yushni beat, insulted and offended. But he never showed malice to people, the old man saw in bullying and incomprehensible form of love for himself. He lived with love for nature, people, and especially love for Dasha, to the Syrote, which he raised, learned in Moscow, refusing to himself almost in all: never drank tea, did not eat sugar, in many ways saved. Having become a doctor, the girl came to the town to Yushka to cure him from Changing, the disease that was tormented by him for a long time. But, unfortunately, it was too late. Yushka died. And only after death, people understood how old man was and they got out.
V.Astafyev "The photo on which I do not". The story describes the people of a simple village. They live well, their life is very simple. But the main thing is that they, living in difficult conditions, retained spiritual warmth and give it to others. Rustic residents, in the image of the author, illiterate, their speech is simple, they always speak with the soul. Isn't that the beauty of a person? This story is very modern in our time, since we lack the beauty of the soul. Here it is, beauty: in the village, where the neighbors help each other, instruct young and inexperienced, do not spare treats for guests, provide support, do not betray friends. Rustic women help the teacher and his wife, bring treats, care about the child, instruct a young teacher. An example of respect, help and mutual execution. It is very rare to meet this in our days, when the neighbors help each other. Without any fee, the boots are laid by the school teacher. He is respected and love for the fact that he greets with everyone and never refuses anything. The village lives like one big family, friendly and strong. Let there be sometimes a quarrel in it, but the power of good, helping and forgiving, you can defeat all the adversity. A good man, open, always everyone likes, he brings with him the light of the society in which he fell. There are a lot of beautiful externally people, but some of them can be with a cold soul, which very often repels and offends others. But truly a handsome person is the one who is beautiful soul, beautiful by his actions, those in which he expresses his thoughts, his smile. Beauty lies in the heart!
Self-supply personality I.Sturgenev "Fathers and Children". The main hero of the novel Evgeny Bazarov believed that "every person must raise himself." The idea of \u200b\u200bself-education follows from the very essence of nihilism: denial of authorities, support for experience and there is self-education. Bazarov lives, focusing only on himself and on his experience, in the process of any choice, he carries an act of self-education. But it is impossible to talk about self-education in the full sense of the word in relation to the Bazarov: it does not have a goal, it does not suit the existing, but there is no ideal - there is no hope to strive.
N. Chernyshevsky "What to do?". As the main method of education, one of the necessary conditions of development, self-education is put forward in the novel "What to do?". This is not a nihilistic novel, this is a work written by a revolutionary-practitioner, which is not a struggle. "New people" - Lopukhov and Kirsanov "They" bring up themselves ", but the theory of self-education was given Chernyshevsky in the chapter" A special person. " The image of Rakhmetova is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bself-education. Puting a target, it is methodically and consistently undergoing it, exposing itself to the most severe tests (and sometimes tortures), if it seems to him that it is necessary to achieve the ideal. It is in relation to such a person, a revolutionary, the idea of \u200b\u200bself-education is revealed to the end, because only aware movement and purposefulness create "upbringing itself" in the present sense of the word. Rakhmetov's self-education is thus qualitatively different from the self-education of Bazarov: it is intuitively intuitive, it turns into a targeted construction of his own personality to the smallest details.
Internationalism, tolerance K.M.stanyukovich "Maxim". The story tells how they picked up the Russian military sailors Negritinka in the open sea. Negritinok was the property of the American captain who brutally addressed him. Shipwreck occurred, and only one boy survived. Russian sailors reacted in kind to the saved, the doctor went out, and the elderly sailor of Luckin was attached to the young hero truly, sewed his clothes and shoes. He gave him the name - Maksimka, because Maxima was saved on the day of St. When the sailors asked Lukin, if they take Maxim to Artel, everyone agreed to accept. "In no reason, Russian sailors with wonderful tolerance treat people of all races and religions, with what they have to meet" - these words of Stanyukovich are key in the story.
Jonathan Swift "Gullyer Travel". A bold sailor Gulliver, a man brave and noble, falls into Liliputia, and then to the country of giants. In Liliputia, people are growing with cucumber, but Gulliver refers to them with respect. Of course, Gulliver is a tolerant person, speaking in modern language. Swift in his novel raises those problems that are very relevant to us in the 21st century: the problems of peaceful coexistence of different peoples, with different appearance and culture, problems of mutual and mutual understanding, the problems of refugees (after all, the wrong Gulliver felt because it was in a foreign land.)
A. Predashin "Opened Tuchka Golden". Children - Russian Kolka and Chechen Alhuzur - became real brothers against this madness, which created adults in the country, in particular in the Caucasus. Little Chechen felt like a heavily ring after the terrible death of his brother Sasha, he is full of compassion. Only such a familiar fraternal assistance helped Kilt back to life. Alhuzur renounced his own name, saving a friend: he called himself a sash. His wise act committed the expected miracle: Kolka rose, but nothing will make him see the enemy in Chechen. Children of different nationalities were collected in the children's receiver: Tatar Musa, Noghaca Balbec, German Lida Goss. Armenians lived, Kazakhs, Jews, Moldovans and two Bulgarians. They did not exist for the concept of national dislike: the children were friends, protected each other. The teacher of Regina Petrovna claimed: "There are no bad peoples. There are only bad people. " An eleven-year-old ring, despite the surviving horror, did not hear, and tried to understand why Chechens killed his brother. He reflected as a true internationalist: unless to do so that no one would interfere with anyone, no one killed anyone to all people live together, one family.
Love for life, faith in the future D.London "Love for Life." This narrative of a gold miner, which is sick, with a damaged foot, thrown by a friend, crosses the snow desert, one on one struggles with the formidable forces of nature. Fights and wins. The story became a hymn man - his persistence, courage, will. Love for life led the process of struggle for existence.
A. Aadamovich, D. Granan "Blockade Book". For the first time, this book had told in detail about incredible deprivation and sufferings of Leningradians, about the injured homes, about the workers who tied themselves to the machine, so as not to fall, about mothers, for the sake of rescue children who committed such, and read something and read. This book is a story about the martyr, based on the living evidence of the blockadicists. The feat of Leningrad residents caused not a threat to destruction. 900 blockade days have accommodated not only inconceivable suffering, but the greatest faith in the future, in victory.
Talent, Natural Giftedness N.S. Iplazkov "Levsh". One of the main topics in the story is the topic of the creative gifting of the Russian man, which has been depicted more than once in the work of Leskova (stories "Tuppean artist", "Imprinted Angel"). Talent, on Leskov, cannot exist independently, it must be based on the moral, spiritual power of man. Left -shest, a non-zezed peasant, is not afraid to go to the sovereign, as it is confident in its rightness, as his work. Spit and well-owning right-handed Tula gunsmith rocked Bloch, not a distinguishable eye.
I.Golovanov "Etudes about scientists." Scientific journalist, Writer Yaroslav Golovanov in his book created portraits of famous scientists of different countries and eras. The Novel of the Writer gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe moral appearance of Leonardo da Vinci, its inventions, scientific discoveries. Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great artist, but also mathematician, astronomer, biologist, botany, an anatom, a physiologist, a military engineer, a singer, a poet, a musician. Several years ago, engineers, taking the drawings of the designs of Leonardo da Vinci, decided to build cars along it. So, born in a century fifteenth, the twentieth helicopter and glider came into a century, the first self-moving crew with a spring mechanism, and a parachute, and a retractable fire staircase. The terrible flood has collapsed to Florence. They began to think how to avoid flooding in the future, and here they found the project Leonardo, the project of protecting the city from future floods - a gift from the century of the fifteenth century twentieth century ...

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