Preparing for school in kindergarten. Preparing children for school in kindergarten
Natalia Zueva
Preparing children for school in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education
What is the distinguishing feature Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education? For the first time in history preschool childhood has become a special self-valuable level education, the main goal of which is the formation of a successful personality.
Key setting the standard - maintaining diversity childhood through the creation of conditions for the social situation of the assistance of adults and children for the development of the abilities of each child.
What should be a kindergarten graduate in according to the standard?
A child - a graduate of a kindergarten must have personal characteristics, among them initiative, independence, self-confidence, a positive attitude towards himself and others, developed imagination, the ability to volitional efforts,
curiosity and I want to note that the main goal early childhood education is not preparation for school, and its adaptation in society. Such a child is ready for perception and learning in school.
How way FSES DO provides preparing children for school? V compliance with the Standard no child should be ready for school, a school - to the child! All the efforts of teachers are aimed at ensuring that children leaving kindergarten do not feel neurotic in the first grade, but are able to calmly adapt to school conditions and successfully assimilate educational initial program schools... Wherein school must be prepared for different children. Children are always different and in these differences and varied the experience of the first years of life has the great potential of every child.
The goal of the kindergarten is to develop the child emotionally, communicatively, physically and mentally. To form resistance to stress, to external and internal aggression, to form abilities, a desire to learn. It should be borne in mind that today's children are not the ones they were yesterday.
The task of the kindergarten is to create conditions for the inclusion of parents of future first graders in the process preparing your child for school, through familiarizing parents with the criteria for readiness children to school, awareness of parents about the problems of first graders (during the period of adaptation to school) their reasons. We must offer parents practical advice and guidance on how to preparing your child for school... And I am as an educator preparatory group, I suggest ways to educate a future first grader.
My children have grown one more year. Now they
pupils preparatory group, the oldest in kindergarten.
Coming soon in school! How the child's education in the first grade will turn out depends largely on the overall effort. How will a child meet with school, will largely depend on what attitude to school he will have what expectations will be formed. Forming an aspiration to become a student is an enrichment of the overall development preschooler creating a positive psychological setting for a new stage of life... The family is serious about preparing your child for school should be based on the desire to form a child's desire to learn a lot and learn a lot, fostering independence in children, interest in school, a benevolent attitude towards others, self-confidence, the absence of fear to express their thoughts and ask questions, to be active in communicating with teachers.
What is the characteristic of an independent child? Elder autonomy preschooler manifests itself in his ability and desire to act, in his readiness to seek answers to emerging questions. Independence is always associated with the manifestation of activity, initiative, elements of creativity.
An independent child is, first of all, a child who, as a result of the experience of successful activity, supported by the approval of others, feels confident. The whole situation schooling(new requirements for the behavior and activities of the student, new rights, duties, relationships) is based on the fact that over the years preschool childhood, the child has formed the foundations of independence, elements of self-regulation, organization. The ability to solve available tasks relatively independently is a prerequisite for social maturity, which is necessary in school.
Experience shows that a first grader who has not developed this quality experiences in school serious neuropsychic overload. New situation, new demands make him feel anxious and insecure. The habit of constant guardianship of an adult, a performing model of behavior that has developed in such a child in preschool childhood, prevent him from entering the general rhythm of the class work, make him helpless when completing assignments. Ill-considered upbringing tactics, aspiration of an adult, even from the best intentions.
Constantly patronizing and helping a child in elementary matters in advance creates serious difficulties for his education. Adaptation to school of such children drags on significantly.
Intellectual readiness - includes the child's knowledge base, the presence of special skills and abilities (the ability to compare, generalize, analyze, classify the information received, have a sufficiently high level of development of the second signal system, in other words, speech perception). Mental skills can be expressed in the ability to read and count. However, a child who reads and even knows how to write is not necessarily good at all. prepared for school... It is much more important to teach preschooler competent retelling, the ability to reason and think logically.
Social readiness is a child's attitude to work and cooperation with other people, in particular adults, who have assumed the role of teacher-mentors. With this component of readiness, the child, perhaps, is attentive for 30-40 minutes, can work in a team. Having got used to certain requirements, the manner of communication of teachers, children begin to demonstrate higher and more stable learning results.
Motivational readiness - involves a well-founded desire to go to school... In psychology, there are different motives of the child's readiness to school: playful, cognitive, social. A child with a playful motive ("There are many guys there, and you can play with them") not ready to study in school... The cognitive motive is characterized by the fact that the child wants to learn something new, interesting. This is the most optimal motive, having which, the child will be successful in the first grade and during the period of study in the primary school... The social motive is characterized by the fact that the child wants to acquire a new social status: become schoolboy, have a portfolio, textbooks, school supplies, your workplace. But one should not start from the fact that only the cognitive motive is the most basic, and if the child does not have this motive, then he cannot go to study in school... By the way, teachers of elementary schools focused on the game motive and in many ways their activities, and the learning process is carried out using game forms.
Start school life is a serious test for children, since it is associated with a sharp change in everything child's lifestyle... He must get used to:
To a new teacher;
To a new team;
To new requirements;
To daily duties.
And every child, without exception, goes through the process of adapting to school(adaptation process)... And naturally, the more a child has the necessary skills and qualities, the faster he will be able to adapt. But for some children school requirements, turn out to be too difficult, and the schedule is too strict. For them, the period of adaptation to school can be traumatic. What problems do first graders face at this time? Where do these difficulties come from? And can they be avoided? Many difficulties can be avoided if on time pay attention to them.
Most possible origins school difficulties and troubles are often hidden in preschool childhood. Causes:
Parents of a child under 6-7 years old age:
Not so often pay attention to the development of the baby ( "Yes, he still has time to learn, for this there is a school!» ) after all, many parents reason so;
They do not pay attention to the peculiarities of his communication with surrounding adults and peers ( "With time it will pass ...",
For the presence or absence of a desire to learn (“will be involved,
grows up, you see, and everything will pass ",
They do not teach the child to manage their emotions, actions, to obey the requirements the first time.
As a result, children, it turns out that important components are not formed school readiness.
What you need to know and be able to a child entering school:
1. Your name, patronymic and surname.
2. Your age (date of birth is desirable).
3. Your home address.
4. Your city, its main attractions.
5. The country in which he lives.
6. Surname, name, patronymic of parents, their profession.
7. Seasons (sequence, months, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons).
8. Domestic animals and their babies.
9. Wild animals of our forests, hot countries, the North, their habits, cubs.
10. Transport by land, water, air.
11. Distinguish between clothes, shoes and hats; wintering and migratory birds; vegetables, fruits and berries.
12. To know and be able to tell Russian folk tales.
13. Distinguish and correctly name plane geometric figures: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval.
14. Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right - left side, top, bottom, etc.)
15. Be able to fully and consistently retell the story you listened to, compose, invent a story based on the picture.
16. Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
17. Divide words into syllables by the number of vowels.
18. It is good to use scissors (cut strips, squares, circles, rectangles, triangles, ovals, cut an object along the contour).
19. Own a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler, draw geometric shapes, animals, people, various objects based on geometric shapes, carefully paint over, hatch with a pencil, without going beyond the contours of objects.
Preparing children to the letter begins long before the child enters school... V preparatory the group pays special attention to this.
Positive impact on training hand to the letter is provided by coloring. For this purpose, you can use ready-made albums - coloring. When performing such tasks at home, you must to convert the child's attention to image was painted over quite carefully, evenly and neatly.
Helps the development of graphic skills by performing various tasks related to shading. Shading is done under the guidance of an adult. Mom or Dad show you how to draw strokes, control the parallelism of lines, their direction, and the distance between them. For hatching exercises, you can use ready-made stencils with depicting objects.
21. Be able to listen carefully, without distraction.
22. Maintain a lean, good posture, especially when sitting.
Tips for parents:
Develop the child's perseverance, hard work, and the ability to follow through.
Form his thinking abilities, observation, inquisitiveness, interest in knowing the environment. Make riddles to the child, make them up with him, conduct elementary experiments. Let the child reason out loud.
If possible, do not give the child ready-made answers, make him think, research.
Put your child in front of problematic situations, for example, ask him to find out why yesterday it was possible to sculpt a snowman out of snow, and today not.
Talk about the books you read, try to find out how the child understood their content, whether he was able to delve into the causal connection of events, whether he correctly evaluated the actions of the characters, whether he is able to prove why he condemns some heroes and approves of others.
Be alert to your child's complaints.
Teach your child to keep their things in order.
Do not scare your child with difficulties and failures in school.
Teach your child to respond to setbacks correctly.
Help your child gain a sense of self-confidence.
Teach your child to be independent.
Teach your child to feel and wonder, encourage his curiosity.
Strive to make every moment of communication with your child useful.
Targets at the completion stage
preschool education:
the child masters the main cultural methods of activity, shows initiative and independence in various types of activity - play, communication, cognitive research, construction, etc.; able to choose his occupation, participants in joint activities;
child possesses setting a positive attitude to the world, to different types of work, other people and oneself, has a sense of dignity; actively interacts with peers and adults, participates in joint games. Able to negotiate, take into account the interests and feelings of others, empathize with failures and rejoice in the successes of others, adequately expresses his feelings, including a sense of faith in himself, tries to resolve conflicts;
the child has a developed imagination, which is realized in different types of activity, and above all in the game; the child owns different forms and types of play, distinguishes between conventional and real situations, knows how to obey different rules and social norms;
the child is fluent enough in oral speech, can express his
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Preparing children for school in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
“Being ready for school doesn't mean being able to read, write and count. To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this. "
L.A. Venger.
What is the Federal State Standard for Preschool Education?
Federal state standards are established in the Russian Federation in accordance with the requirement of Article 12 of the "Law on Education" and represent "a set of mandatory requirements for preschool education."
What are the requirements of the FSES DOI?
The standard puts forward three groups of requirements:
Requirements for the structure of the educational program of preschool education;
Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational program of preschool education.
Requirements for the results of mastering the educational program of preschool education.
What is the distinguishing feature of the Standard? For the first time in history, preschool childhood has become a special self-valuable level of education, the main goal of which is the formation of a successful personality.
The key setting of the standard is to support the diversity of childhood through the creation of conditions for the social situation of assistance to adults and children for the development of the abilities of each child.
What should be a preschool graduate?
A child - a graduate of a preschool educational institution must have personal characteristics, among them initiative, independence, self-confidence, a positive attitude towards oneself and others, a developed imagination, the ability to volitional efforts, curiosity.
The main purpose of early childhood education is not preparation for school.
How the FSES will ensure the preparation of children for school ?
Not a child should be ready for school, but school should be ready for a child! Children should be such as they leave kindergarten so that they do not feel neurotic in the first grade, but are able to calmly adapt to school conditions and successfully master the educational program of elementary school. At the same time, the school must be ready for different children. Children are always different and in these differences and the varied experiences of the first years of life lies the great potential of each child.
The goal of the kindergarten is to develop the child emotionally, communicatively, physically and mentally. To form resistance to stress, to external and internal aggression, to form abilities, a desire to learn. It should be borne in mind that today's children are not the ones they were yesterday.
Preparing for school in kindergarten is very important for a child. After all, the first thing a child learns in preschool is the ability to communicate and interact with peers. The baby acquires the very first and most important skills in preschool age. Also in kindergarten, children learn the first skills of writing, reading and counting. A lot depends on the teacher in this matter, and the most important thing is to develop in the child an interest in learning, namely, a cognitive interest.
Thus, preparation for school in kindergarten is carried out in two ways: through thematic classes and projects and through communication with adults and peers.
In connection with the Federal educational standards introduced for the first time in our country, the primary school is a natural continuation of the kindergarten.
The forms of successive links between kindergarten and primary school are different:
These are pedagogical seminars, round tables for kindergarten teachers, parents and school teachers.
Implementation of practical activities of teachers and teachers
Implementation of practical activities of teachers and teachers with children: first graders and preschoolers. Organization of joint holidays, exhibitions, joint competitions. In addition, various activities in kindergarten on the theme of "school" are recommended: an exhibition of drawings "I draw a school", reading poetry about school.
Conducting "graduation days" in kindergarten, when the preschool institution invites its former pupils.
Completing classes with kindergarten children who are part of the same educational complex as the school. This project is widely implemented in the capital.
Questioning parents to identify urgent problems. Based on the results of the survey, it is possible to conduct additional consultations with a speech therapist teacher, with a psychologist and others.
Informing parents about the difficulties of adapting to school, about possible solutions. Teachers prepare memos for mothers and fathers of future first-graders: "How to play with children?", "How to instill reading in a child."
Joint play trainings for parents and children. Trainings involving fine motor skills are especially relevant. Experts note that the majority of modern first-graders have problems with speech, with the writing of letters.
Comprehensive education includes physical, mental, moral and aesthetic education.
The task of the kindergarten in preparation for school
In preparation for school, the teacher performs the following tasks:
Formation in preschoolers of the idea of school activities as an important activity for the acquisition of the necessary knowledge, abilities and skills. In accordance with this concept, children develop cognitive activity in the classroom;
Development of responsibility, perseverance, independence and diligence. This contributes to the desire of the child to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities, making sufficient efforts for this;
Mastering the skills of collective activity, a positive attitude towards peers, the formation of the ability to actively influence their peers as participants in common activities. That is, the ability to provide feasible assistance, make fair assessments of the performance of peers, develop tact in assessing the mistakes made;
Acquisition by preschoolers of the skills of organized behavior and learning activities in a team environment. These skills contribute to the formation of independence in preschoolers in the choice of the type of activity, play or activity.
What you need to know and be able to a child entering school:
1. Your name, patronymic and surname.
2. Your age (preferably date of birth).
3. Your home address.
4. Your city, its main attractions.
5. The country in which he lives.
6. Surname, name, patronymic of parents, their profession.
7. Seasons (sequence, months, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons).
8. Domestic animals and their babies.
9. Wild animals of our forests, hot countries, the North, their habits, cubs.
10. Transport by land, water, air.
11. Distinguish clothes, shoes and hats; wintering and migratory birds; vegetables, fruits and berries.
12. To know and be able to tell Russian folk tales.
13. Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval.
14.Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right - left side, top, bottom, etc.)
15. Be able to fully and consistently retell the story you listened to, compose, invent a story based on the picture.
16. Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
17. Divide words into syllables by the number of vowels.
18. It is good to use scissors (cut strips, squares, circles, rectangles, triangles, ovals, cut an object along the contour).
19. Master a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler, draw geometric shapes, animals, people, various objects based on geometric shapes, carefully paint over, hatch with a pencil, without going beyond the contours of objects.
The preparation of children for writing begins long before the child enters school. The preparatory group pays special attention to this.
The Detsad.Firmika.ru portal contains the addresses and phone numbers of kindergartens and development centers in Moscow. We suggest finding a kindergarten in your area or near a suitable metro station. Easy-to-compare tables show the cost of the hobby groups that prepare you for school, so you can easily compare prices in different centers. Of particular interest are the reviews about the institutions of Moscow, left by the visitors of the portal. We carefully monitor their accuracy, trying to publish only comments from real customers.
How to choose a kindergarten in Moscow to prepare for school?
Preparing for school is one of the most important tasks not only for parents, but also for kindergarten teachers. As diligent, stress-resistant and interested in learning your child will be, the knowledge will be absorbed successfully. How to choose a development center or a kindergarten with preparation for school, what should be the teachers in it, and how much will you have to spend on it?
Features of the choice of preparatory courses in kindergartens and centers in Moscow
In modern kindergartens, preparation for school goes gradually from the youngest groups. In the older groups, more focused classes in the basics of writing and reading are added. Many children, having gotten to talented teachers, already from the age of 5 read freely and write quite well.
What you need to consider when choosing a kindergarten with a training program:
- Writing and reading skills are not as easy to instill as it seems at first glance. Educators and educators in good centers and kindergartens communicate with parents, give advice and hold meetings where they explain how to get the baby interested in learning, how to instill a love of reading and avoid unnecessary pressure on the sensitive psyche. Feedback from parents is also very important, in a good center or kindergarten, you can always contact the teacher with similar questions.
- Professional teachers, focusing on the characteristics of children's behavior, build their classes according to certain principles. In a good kindergarten, the child will not be forced to sit for about two hours over the solution of one problem, because the teacher understands that this is simply ineffective. The best solution is to gradually increase the class time, starting from the minimum (15 minutes) and ending with a full academic hour (45 minutes).
- Everyone knows that games are the best way to help children learn information of any kind. Educators conduct special intellectual warm-ups with riddles about the school, read poems, act out sketches by roles, motivating children to attend a real school in the future. What to put in the portfolio? What lessons would the child like to learn? An experienced teacher not only knows many playful ways of interacting with a child, but will also share them with you. Do not hesitate to ask questions, because future studies depend on this.
- Take a closer look not only at how the teacher interacts with children, but also what is the general atmosphere in the "small team". A professional must not only be able to create a comfortable and pleasant atmosphere for children, but also prevent the development of conflicts, help children find a way out of them.
- Many activities require appropriate materials: little ones may need paints and a sketchbook, older children may need textbooks, pencil cases, and notebooks. In most kindergartens, parents purchase stationery on their own. It is important to remember that you should not save on materials for training, as well as pay too much attention to them. The abundance of multi-colored notebooks and pencils can distract from the actual educational process.
- It is advisable that not only medical personnel, but also a child psychologist work in the development center of your choice. You can not neglect the advice of this specialist before going to school.
Of course, the choice of kindergarten also depends on the financial situation of the parents.
The cost of preparing for school in kindergartens and development centers in Moscow
If in the chosen kindergarten preparation for school is free, then the only thing you will have to spend money on will be stationery. Unfortunately, such services cannot be found in every kindergarten; paid classes are organized much more often. The cost of training courses in Moscow varies from 2,000 to 6,000 rubles.
Elena Tikhanova
From the work experience "Preparing children for school"
Preparing children for school.
Among the functions that the kindergarten performs in the public education system, in addition to the all-round development of the child, a large place is occupied by preparing children for school... On how high quality and timely it will be preschooler prepared, the success in his further training largely depends.
Preparing children for school in kindergarten includes two main tasks: comprehensive education (physical, mental, moral, aesthetic) and special preparation for mastering school subjects.
Work educator in the classroom on the formation of readiness for school includes:
Generation from children perception of occupation as an important activity for the acquisition of knowledge. Based on this idea, the child develops active behavior in the classroom. (careful fulfillment of tasks, attention to the words of the teacher);
Development of perseverance, responsibility, independence, diligence. Their formation appears in the child's desire to master knowledge, skills, to make sufficient efforts for this;
Upbringing preschooler experience activity in a team and a positive attitude towards peers; assimilation of ways to actively influence peers as participants in common activities (the ability to provide assistance, fairly assess the results peer work, tactfully point out flaws);
Formation of children skills of organized behavior, learning activities in a team environment. The presence of these skills has a significant impact on the general process of the moral formation of the child's personality, makes preschooler more independent in the choice of activities, games, activities of interest.
Education and training children in kindergarten is educational in nature and takes into account two directions for children to acquire knowledge and skills: wide communication of the child with adults and peers, and an organized educational process.
In the process of communicating with adults and peers, the child receives a variety of information, among which there are two groups of knowledge and skills. The first provides for knowledge and skills that children can master in everyday communication. The second category includes knowledge and skills to be learned by children in the classroom. In the classroom, the teacher takes into account how children learn the program material, complete tasks; check the speed and rationality of their actions, the presence of various skills and, finally, determines their ability to observe correct behavior.
The result of the child's development in preschool childhood are the prerequisites for the child to be able to adapt to the conditions schools, to start systematic study.
When a child enters school is important so that he has not only developed speech, but also prepared hand, possessed hand-eye coordination. Insufficient development of fine motor skills of the hands in older preschool children, in the future can lead to the emergence of a negative attitude towards learning, anxiety in school, weak emotional - volitional sphere of the child, because the ability to perform small movements with objects develops precisely in preschool age... For this we use tasks of varying degrees of difficulty. After conducting a study of our pupils, we found that the majority children not good enough with a pencil, the lines are mostly crooked, inaccurate and weak, some children poor coordination of movements is noted. Therefore, we tried to find the most effective methods and means for the development children and preparing them for school.
This work we conduct regularly, we try to ensure that the tasks proposed by us bring joy to the child, do not allow boredom and overwork, we try to cause children increased interest, positive emotions. An important part of our work for the development of fine motor skills are "Finger games and exercises"... We offer children to depict animals, people and objects using a variety of finger combinations.
Children get a lot of positive emotions while working with the Miracle - the sandbox. With the help of sand, they can draw funny pictures. During these exercises, we develop children reproductive and creative imagination, memory, hand-eye coordination, eye, speech, small hand movements.
In its work we use such a technique as laying out from counting sticks, matches and laces, this is a very interesting and effective type work on preparing children for learning to write... When performing such tasks with elders preschoolers develops fine motor skills of hands, eyes, creative imagination, memory.
Also in work we often use cereals and seeds, we teach children hold seeds and cereals with your fingers; massage your palms with peas; lay out geometric or floral ornaments, figures of people, animals, numbers according to anchor points or diagrams, or draw them from memory; guess by touch which bag contains seeds, grains, cereals, legumes. Work with cereals develops in children logic, imagination, attention, perseverance, fine finger movements develops tactile sensations children.
We also conduct interesting games with plasticine, which provide opportunities for the general development of the child. Before sculpting, we read fairy tales, make riddles, and the guys sculpt their favorite characters.
The guys really like laying out colored laces along the contour of any image. First, with the help of laces, we taught children lay out the outlines of various objects and numbers, then more complex compositions. It should be borne in mind that this is a laborious activity, so not all children are good at.
It is well known that Work with scissors exercises the child in a quick change of tension and relaxation of the small muscles of the arm. Such Work helps in the formation of the correct distribution of the muscular load of the arm.
The visual activity of the child in preschool age is one of the natural specific children's activities. Creativity for them is a reflection of the soul work... Without parting with pencils, felt-tip pens, paints, the child imperceptibly learns to observe, compare, think, fantasize. The more often the child holds a pencil or brush in his hands, the stronger the ability to hold a fountain pen correctly becomes, the easier it will be for him to draw his first letters. Traces left by pencils, felt-tip pens, ballpoint pen and brush are familiar and familiar to the child, but the use of fingers and palms, drawing with lids, crumpled paper and cotton swabs is surprising.
We devote a lot of time to independent activities children in a developing environment... Free use at children entertaining games: "Mosaic", "Lacing", "Collect the beads" etc. which develop fine motor skills of hands, memory, intelligence, attention.
We carry work in notebooks in a large cage, in which children learn to see the line, open the desired page, write and circle the cells. We also offer the children to hatch various figures. Indeed, during writing and shading, not only the muscles of the fingers and hands develop, speech, logical thinking, general culture also develop, and creativity is activated.
This academic year, our developing environment has been replenished with an interactive table, which we use both in the classroom and in free activities. Installed applications include in myself:
a large set of interactive games;
counting, addition and subtraction, reading by syllables, reading letters, reading words, developing attention and memory;
drawings - children choose colors and effects, and then paint with their fingers or hands;
An interactive table allows you to develop preschoolers skills such as:
teaching reading, writing and problem solving;
helps to learn effective communication in society and listen to others;
logical thinking;
fine motor skills;
motor coordination, hand-eye coordination;
psychological readiness for school.
Parents are concerned with the question of how to ensure the full development of the child in preschool age how right prepare him for school... Visual information plays an important role in parenting education. The location for this information is the parent's corner. At the previous parent meeting, we discussed the issue preparing children for school, drew the attention of parents to the importance and significance of such activities with children.
Our work on the development and preparation of the hands of senior preschool children age to study in school gives good results. Children felt self-confidence, in their abilities, fine motor skills and hand coordination improved, attention, child's eyes, visual memory, accuracy, imagination, imaginative thinking were formed ...
We will not stop at what has been achieved, the activities for subject: « Preparing preschoolers for school» will continue to apply in work new play techniques with children, continue to work closely with the parents of the pupils.
