“Russian became the first language in space. Russian is the main language of communication on the ISS! Knowledge of which two languages ​​is required on the ISS

03.07.2008 17:58

"Russian became the first language in space"

The head of the Federal Space Agency Anatoly Perminov is confident that astronautics can become the basis for any activity in the humanitarian sphere. The head of Roscosmos told the magazine Russkiy Mir.ru about how this can happen.

- Anatoly Nikolaevich, how do you think the interaction between Roscosmos and the Russkiy Mir Foundation can be built?

- The international activities of Roscosmos may well become a "conductor" of Russian culture abroad. Today, perhaps, there is not a single economically developed state with which we would not interact. Cosmonautics can be the basis for any activity in the humanitarian sphere.

For example, in early 2007, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal Space Agency opened an exhibition in Paris dedicated to the Year of the Russian Language. In those days, a documentary film prepared by our studio was shown - "Cosmos speaks Russian." The film tells how astronauts are taught the Russian language in the Star City near Moscow. Foreigners need to know Russian for many reasons. Firstly, all our spacecraft have inscriptions and designations in Russian, and most importantly, Russian has been and remains an indispensable and important language for communication of the entire crew of the International Space Station.

We must not forget that Russian became the first language in space. If we recall history, Yuri Gagarin's flight led to an unprecedented interest in Russia. And the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite has supplanted the widespread term "satellite". The word "satellite" was included in foreign dictionaries almost simultaneously with the launch of the device into space orbit. Sputnik cocktails even appeared in bars in Western Europe, Sputnik hairstyles became the peak of fashion. There have been cases when parents gave their children this name.

I think with the help of the Russkiy Mir Foundation we could open a Russian Center at Baikonur. However, the Baikonur cosmodrome is important not only for Russia and Kazakhstan. Today it is an international space harbor. Thousands of foreigners visit the cosmodrome every year.

You can also think about opening a Russian Center in America, in Houston. But this requires the consent of all parties.

We may have common programs in the educational field. The Ministry of Education and Science can help us here. Space is a fertile ground for enlightening not only adults, but also children. Last year, on the eve of Cosmonautics Day, we held an open lesson from space. The schoolchildren - the winners of the Olympiad - asked questions to the crew of the International Space Station on the air. The half-hour broadcast was broadcast on the Russian news channel Vesti, which can also be watched abroad.

Exhibitions and contests for children are held under the auspices of Roscosmos. Recently, guys who are fond of biology took part in the experiments of the Foton space laboratory. They sent butterflies and silkworms into orbit. Such projects help to change the mindset of children. The world is very fragile. This is especially noticeable from space.

Together with the Russkiy Mir Foundation, we could well prepare a number of educational television and radio programs.

- We were proud of the Soviet cosmonautics. The world's first satellite, the first man in space. Is there anything to be proud of today?

- Probably it will be said loudly, but this year is a turning point for the Russian cosmonautics. The state has adopted the foundations of the space policy of the Russian Federation until 2020. New priorities and tasks have been set for astronautics.

First of all, the deployed orbital groupings of space assets must meet the needs for the results of space activities for the economy, social sphere, science and security of Russia.

An important task is to have guaranteed and independent access to outer space from its territory.

We will continue to actively develop manned astronautics, implement large-scale space projects for more efficient use of near-Earth space and in-depth study and development of remote celestial bodies of the solar system. This requires the creation of advanced launch vehicles and manned transport systems.

The GLONASS Federal Target Program and the Federal Space Program are being revised, and their resource provision is being increased. 6 spacecraft GLONASS, Meteor-1 and other satellites are being prepared for launch.

A decision was made to build the Vostochny cosmodrome in the Amur Region. In 42 months, we must fully complete the design and survey work and start construction in 2011. And by 2015, the first launch of a spacecraft or a cargo ship to the ISS should take place. And by 2018 the first manned flight is planned.

The implementation of an international project with the European Space Agency - "Union at the Guiana Space Center" is being successfully carried out. The cosmodrome in French Guiana can also be considered as a platform for cooperation between Roscosmos and the Russkiy Mir Foundation. But this does not mean that we are leaving Baikonur. These are new opportunities.

We are actively working in the Arctic project. Within its framework, Russian spacecraft will monitor the entire Arctic, primarily its shelf, for the development of minerals - gas and oil. The lack of reliable constant information from the Earth's polar caps is a big problem for hydrometeorology as well. Our project has already been supported by Norway, Finland and other countries. There are other plans as well.

- How to become an astronaut today?

- At the dawn of the space age, only the best military pilots were selected as astronauts. For example, Yuri Gagarin was a pilot of naval aviation, which incorporated two elements - the sea and the sky.

Then the first detachment of civilian cosmonauts and flight engineers appeared.

Today almost everyone can fly into space. The main thing is to set yourself such a goal. This requires higher education and good health. And the professions can be very different: from a biologist to a geologist - a future explorer of the Moon or Mars.

By the way, in the CTC near Moscow, where our cosmonauts are trained, one can also think about opening a Russian Center.

There is another, more expensive way into space: to become a space tourist. This fall, the sixth space tourist, American Richard Garriott, will go into orbit on board the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. His father is the famous American astronaut Owen Garriott. Richard did not succeed in becoming a professional astronaut, his eyesight failed. But he was able to pay for a ticket to space worth more than $ 20 million. By the end of the year, I hope his dream will come true.

I think that in the near future space tourism will develop in other countries and become more accessible. Suborbital flights will appear. But this is rather entertainment. Cosmonautics must be taken seriously. All the same, it will be necessary to master both the solar system and our galaxy.

Experts declared mutual understanding the key to success

Americans Peggy Whitson, Jack Fisher and Renodolph Breznik, who are on board the International Space Station, shared their experience of preparing for a flight to the ISS in a direct line with young astronauts. According to Winston, learning Russian was probably the most difficult task for her, but the astronauts called the ability to communicate in it one of the keys to success in her work.

Peggy Whitson is an astronaut who has spent a record time among women in space. According to her, mastering the Russian language was a difficult task for her, and to this day she continues to experience some difficulties while communicating in it. As a member of the ISS crew joked, she cannot find in herself a certain "center" responsible for mastering foreign languages.

Jack Fisher, a colleague of Peggy Winston and the 550th Earthman in space, said that for all its complexity, learning Russian is a very important aspect of preparation. Moreover, according to the astronaut, the participants of the expeditions to the ISS should not only understand the language, but also be familiar with the culture and traditions of their Russian colleagues. All this allows representatives of different countries to interact much more effectively with each other. For Fischer, this is one of the keys to success when working in a small international group.

In general, the astronauts assumed that each of the young astronauts would be more difficult to be given their aspects of training, and therefore they should help each other as much as possible. Also, the members of the ISS crew advised the youth not to hesitate either to ask questions or to propose their own solutions.

The names of 12 people who entered the new recruitment of the American Aerospace Agency astronauts in early June. This year, the number of applications from potential astronauts received by NASA became an absolute record - 18,353 people filed them.

Jack Fischer recently posted a short but immersive video on his Twitter page of the Milky Way. Significantly more stars can be seen in the video than can usually be seen from the surface of the Earth, especially when it comes to cities that are brightly lit even at night.

Initially, the American and Russian segments were planned for the International Space Station, but Russian language skills were not required for American and European astronauts.

In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia crashed.

"Columbia" (Columbia) - the first space shuttle reusable transport vehicle, built under the American Space Transportation System program, better known as the Space shuttle. Construction of the Columbia spacecraft began in 1975, and on March 25, 1979, it was commissioned by the American Space Agency (NASA). The shuttle Columbia was named after the sailboat on which Captain Robert Gray explored the inland waters of British Columbia (now the US states of Washington and Oregon) in May 1792. NASA's Columbia was designated OV-102 (Orbiter Vehicle-102). The reusable transport vehicle Columbia was heavier than the shuttles built later and lacked a docking module, so it could not dock with either the Mir space station or the International Space Station (ISS). Its maiden flight took place on April 12, 1981. The crew commander was a veteran of the American astronautics John Young, the pilot was Robert Crippen.

The Columbia did not return from the last, 28th, flight. The shuttle took off from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral (Florida, USA) on January 16, 2003. The shuttle crew included astronauts Rick Husband, William McCool, Michael Anderson, Laurel Clarke, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla and Ilan Ramon. — Israel's first astronaut.

Fighters were raised into the sky just in case. They controlled the airspace within a radius of 40 kilometers from the launch site. The naval ships guarded a water area 50 kilometers wide.

Space shuttle Columbia spent 16 days in orbit and crashed on its return to Earth on February 1, 2003. Upon entering the Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of several tens of kilometers, the ship disintegrated into fragments that fell on the territory of the American states of Texas and Louisiana. The first wreckage of the Columbia shuttle was found in the small town of Nagodosh in eastern Texas, near the Louisiana border, in the parking lot of a commercial bank. Some of them reached more than a meter in length, others could fit in the palm of your hand, some of the wreckage was charred. The falling debris caused damage to private homes and office buildings. The wreckage was scattered 200 kilometers away.

And since 2011, NASA has completely stopped the operation of space shuttles, after which all flights of astronauts became possible only on the Russian spacecraft "Soyuz".

In this regard, NASA and the European Space Agency have included Russian language courses in their candidate training programs. Successful passing of the test became one of the conditions for completing the training of astronauts, and those selected for a real flight to the ISS lived with Russian families for a long time.

Vladimir Remek ( Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Czech Republic to the Russian Federation, the first cosmonaut of Czechoslovakia) - "From the height of space flight, it is clear that if there are boundaries on Earth, then only those created by Nature"

"The hull can be shorter or longer due to the pull. And the width of the girth either decreases or increases due to these pulls. And it turns out that the promising Sokol covers a large amount of human anthropometric data," explains the head of the design department of space technology Research and Production Enterprise "Zvezda" Arthur Lee.

- We flew about ninety meters, but with difficulties. There are assumptions that for a person, meter eighty and meter seventy-five, we will need the same spacesuit without having to release it separately.

However, any new development is learned by comparison. The Sokol spacesuit is now the main one for space flight. And for each conqueror of the orbit "Falcon" is made individually.

The Falcon space suit is a rescue equipment. They put it on before launch to fly into orbit, and already in preparation for landing to return from space. It is completely sealed. Putting it on is difficult, so you can't cope with it alone.

The "Falcon" spacesuit has two shells - a sealed one and a power one. The spacesuit is put on by squeezing through the rubberized shell. Between each other, this part of the spacesuit is called the appendix - it is the spacesuit sealing system.

The upper part is put on. Arms. You have to enter them with your shoulder. There is. Happened. On Earth, they help astronauts put on a spacesuit, but already in zero gravity in orbit before returning, the astronaut does it himself. But they also learn this on Earth.

- In the spaceship, we close the pressure helmets.

And this is already real preparation for the landing of the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft. The crew of Roman Romanenko, Thomas Mashburn and Christopher Hatfield, after undocking and before entering the dense layers of the atmosphere, close pressure helmets. The suits are hermetically sealed.

Another secret: the astronauts have such a device - the valsalva. Until recently, many people thought it was a nose comb. In fact, this is a device in order to be able to purge - to remove the pressure. It is attached to a pressure helmet.

In flight, astronauts are under pressure. That is, an excess pressure is created inside the spacesuit due to the gaseous medium. It's like diving, but only in an airless space.

The kind, time-tested Sokol space suit and a new development - a promising future space suit. What will be fundamentally new in it?

The first thing that catches your eye is the new color. A striking difference is the rejection of the appendix, which is considered the most difficult node in this spacesuit. The lightning is now done. The next difference is the individual spacesuit.

The bright orange color was not chosen by chance. This spacesuit will at the same time replace the "Trout" wetsuit. That is, in case of an abnormal splashdown, the astronaut will not need to change into a diving suit.

A modern space suit is a real spaceship in miniature. From the earliest models, in which the first space explorers flew, to the Krechet, Sokol and Orlan - all of this was developed at the Zvezda Research and Production Enterprise. It is here that people think about making it comfortable for a person to work in conditions unsuitable for life.

"The conditions during the exit are quite extreme. In addition to the absolute vacuum, there is also a very large temperature difference on the surface of the station: from +150 in the sun to -150 in the shade. Therefore, the spacesuit has very powerful thermal protection," emphasizes the chief specialist of the testing department of NPP Zvezda "Gennady Glazov.

This is another space suit - "Orlan-MK" for spacewalk. The outer shell contains 10 layers of thermal and vacuum insulation. A special filter on the helmet and a small window above your head for a better view. There are now three Orlans in orbit. Adjusting each one in size, the cosmonauts wear them outside the station.

"A space suit for work in open space is really a miniature spacecraft, which has its own thermal protection system, heat supply system, communication system, transmission of telemetric information, but I want to say to really feel what he is and how an astronaut feels in such It is advisable, at least once, to try to put on this spacesuit yourself, "notes Gennady Glazov, chief specialist of the testing department of NPP Zvezda.

The Orlan space suit is like a house, they enter it entirely, stick their hands, feet and close the door behind them. Of course, astronauts in zero gravity do it on their own. And then, in full combat readiness, they go out into open space.

On-board computer, automatic thermal control system. The main thing is that the suit is correctly selected, then you can work in it outside the station for more than 10 hours.

"This is a pressure gauge by which the astronaut controls the pressure inside the suit. Now the arrows will begin to move and the pressure will begin to rise. But we will not create a lot of pressure so that the suit expands a little. You will feel that under pressure its mobility changes," spacesuit Gennady Glazov.

NPP Zvezda has already completed the modernization of the Orlan spacesuit. Now it has received the name "Orlan-ISS" - a modified synthetic space. It used more resistant synthetic materials and created a temperature-controlled complex - a climate control system.

The new spacesuit will be sent into orbit early next 2015. Then the astronauts will also experience it.

It is clear that all astronauts or cosmonauts need to learn English or Russian, whichever is not their first language. But from a practical point of view, what language is predominant for day-to-day work, when two people on the ISS have to communicate and not from the same country? I was particularly struck This Video, in which two guys on the one-year team answer questions from a NASA interviewer, each in their own language.

Answers

osgx

The team said they will rely on a mixture of languages ​​and mixed cuisine when aboard the international station.

“We jokingly say that we communicate in Runglish, a mixture of Russian and English, so when we don't have enough words in one language, we can use another, because all the crew members speak both languages ​​well,” said Krikalev ... ,

"The menu will also be Runglish: part American and part Russian," Shepard added.

English Wikipedia also has. In Runglish, if you don't know a word in the current language, you can say this in another language:

The term itself, anyway, usually goes back to 2000, when the not-so-bilingual Russian-American crew of the International Space Station came up with it to describe their onboard speech: having no word or phrase, they used what they knew and flooded around it (“Come on small Phillips screwdriver, Kostya "- give me a small Phillips screwdriver, Kostya).

Will you communicate?
(What language are you going to communicate in?)

Today we will be using Runglish. This is our unofficial language for the ISS program. It's called Runglish and it's a mixture of English and Russian.

joseph_morris

Great answer, thanks for taking the time.

osgx

There is an inscription on the wall, shown in November 2011. Youtu.be/3ErLtE3Lf9s?t=63 "Don't Touch this Cancer (a3 Stand)" = do not touch this rack, the Russian word "cancer" (literally crustacean) was used to describe the word "rack", possibly unknown to the author ("rack") due to such a pronunciation. There is another label nearby - "DO NOT TOUCH this A3 pillar"

ThePlanMan

When negotiating cooperation between Russia and the United States lot effort has been devoted to defining how things will be handled. They agreed on where the training would take place, who would teach, what language they would teach, etc. The language of the learning agreement was Russian, and at a time when the United States was spending a reasonable amount of money hiring translators so that nothing to do in the learning process on the Russian side was skipped. However, the language in orbit was consistent with English. This suggests that many of the languages ​​spoken by the crew members are a combination of the two, this is indeed a situation that “works”.

David Hamman

In addition, perhaps also an urban legend: once a technical problem arose in negotiations over a certain vehicle ( against cough ATV). The Russian leader and the American leader were both managers (that is, they were both technically inept). They agreed that a separate technical meeting should be held with the participation of "three people from Russia, three people from America and, of course, two translators." The two translators present were encouraged: “What? You've always treated us like excrement [another word was used], but it's worse. Now we don't even people! " Then the two translators left the meeting.