Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky brief biography. Biography

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - the famous Russian painter-marinist, author more than six thousand canvases. Professor, Academician, Petshenate, Honorary Member of Art Academies of St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Rome, Stuttgart, Paris and Florence.

A future artist was born in Feodosia, in 1817, in the family of Gevorork and Ripsema Gaivazovsky. Mother Ovasnes (Armenian version named after Ivan) was a purebred Armenian, and his father took place from Armenians who moved from Western Armenia, which was under the domination of the Turks to Galicia. In Feodosia, Gevork settled under the name of Gaivazovsky, writing it to the Polish manner.

Ovansa's father was an amazing person, enterprising, smeared. Dad knew Turkish, Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, and even Gypsy languages. In Crimea, Gevork Aivazyan, who became Konstantin Grigorievich Gaivazovsky, very successfully engaged in trade. In those days, Feodosia grew rapidly, acquiring the status of an international port, but all the successes of the enterprising merchant brought to zero the epidemic of the plague, flashed after the war with.

By the time of the birth of Ivan, Gaivazovsky was already the son of Sargis, who took the name of Gabriel in monastics, then three more daughters were born, but the family lived in great need. The mother repression helped her husband, selling his skillful embroidery. Ivan Rased and a dreamy child. In the morning he woke up and ran to the seashore, where he could watch for hours to watch the courts, small fishing boats into the port, admiring unusual beauty by landscapes of sunsets, storms and calm.

The boy wrote his first paintings on the sand, and after a few minutes they was washed off with surf. Then he armed with a piece of coal and decorated with the pictures of the white walls of the house where Gaivazovsky lived. Father looked, frowning his son's masterpieces, but he did not turn him out, but firmly thought. From ten years Ivan worked in a coffee shop, helping the family, which did not prevent him from growing a smart and talented child.

As a child, Aivazovsky himself learned to play the violin, and, of course, constantly painted. The fate brought him to the Feodosi architect Yakov Koh, and this moment is considered to be a turning point, determining in the biographies of the future ingenious marinist. Noticing the artistic abilities of the boy, Koh supplied the young artist with pencils, paints and paper, gave the first drawing lessons. The second patron of Ivana became the Grador of Feodosia Alexander Treaschaev. The governor rated the skillful game of Vanya on the violin, because he himself often musitis.

In 1830, Treaschairs identified Aivazovsky to Simferopol gymnasium. In Simferopol, the wife of the Tauride Governor Natalia Naryshkin drew attention to the talented child. Ivan began to often have at her house, and the secular lady provided his library at his disposal, a collection of engravings, books about painting, art. The boy worked incentively, copied the famous works, painted etudes, sketches.

With the assistance of the portraitist of Salvator Tonchi Naryshkin, he turned to Olenin, the President of the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, with a request to arrange a boy at the Academy with a full board. In a letter, she described the talents of Aivazovsky in detail, his life situation and attached drawings. Olenin rated the talent of the young man, and soon Ivan was enrolled in the Academy of Arts with the personal enforcement of the emperor, which also saw sent pictures.

At the age of 13, Ivan Aivazovsky became the most young student of the Academy in the Landscape class Vorobyov. An experienced teacher immediately estimated the entire magnitude and power of the talent of the Aivazovsky and as much as possible gave the young man a classic art education, a kind of theoretical and practical basis for painter-virtuoso, which Ivan Konstantinovich had soon became.

A very quickly quick student surpassed the teacher, and Vorobyov recommended Aivazovsky Philippe Tanner, a French marinist who arrived in St. Petersburg. Tanner and Aivazovsky did not compare the characters. The Frenchman dumped the student all the draft work, but Ivan still found time for his own paintings.

Painting

In 1836, an exhibition was held, where the works of Tanner and young Ayvazovsky were presented. One of the works of Ivan Konstantinovich was awarded a silver medal, alone of the metropolitan newspaper also praised him, the Frenchmen were reproached in manners. Philip, burning from anger and envy, complained to the emperor on a naughty student who had no right to exhibit his work at the exhibition without the knowledge of the teacher.

Formally, the Frenchman was right, and Nikolai commanded to remove the pictures from the exhibition, and Ivazovsky himself fell into disgrace at the court. The talented artist supported the best minds of the capital, with whom he managed to bring acquaintance:, President of the Academy of Olenin. As a result, the case was decided in favor of Ivan, for which Alexander Zaerweed, who taught painting with imperial siblings.

Nikolai awarded Aivazovsky and even sent him together with his son Konstantin to the Baltic Fleet. Cesarevich studied the foundations of the sea and the guidance of the fleet, and Aivazovsky specialized in the artistic side of the question (it is difficult to write battle scenes and ships, not knowing their devices).

Cheecerwide became a teacher of Aivazovsky in the class of battle painting. After a few months, in September 1837, a talented student received a gold medal for the picture "County", after which the leadership of the Academy decided to issue an artist from an educational institution, since it could not give anything to him.

At the age of 20, Ivan Aivazovsky became the most young graduate of the Academy of Arts (according to the rules he was supposed to learn for another three years) and went to a paid trip: first in his native Crimea for two years, and then for six years to Europe. The happy artist returned to his relatives Feodosia, then traveled through the Crimea, participated in the landing of the marine assault in Circassia. During this time, he wrote many works, including peaceful marine landscapes and battle scenes.

After a short stay in St. Petersburg in 1840, Aivazovsky went to Venice, from there to Florence and Rome. During this trip, Ivan Konstantinovich met with the eldest brother Gabriel, a monk on the island of Saint Lazarus, met. In Italy, the artist studied the works of great masters and wrote a lot himself. Everywhere he exhibited his paintings, many were bought out immediately.

His masterpiece "Chaos" wished to buy Pope himself. Hearing this, Ivan Konstantinovich personally presented a picture of the pontiff. The touched Gregory XVI handed painting a gold medal, and famed about the talented Marinister stuck on the whole of Europe. The artist then visited Switzerland, Holland, England, Portugal and Spain. On the way home, the ship on which the Aivazovsky sailed, got into the storm, the terrible storm broke out. For some time there were rumors that the marinist died, but fortunately, he managed to go home alive and unharmed.

Aivazovsky fell a happy fate to drive acquaintance and even friendship with many outstanding people of that era. The artist was closely familiar with, Nikolai Raevsky, Kiprensky, Bryullov, Zhukovsky, not to mention friendship with the imperial family. And yet tie, wealth, glory did not seduce the artist. The main in his life was always a family, ordinary people, a favorite job.

Rake and becoming famous, Ivazovsky made a lot for his native Feodosia: founded the school of arts and the art gallery, the museum of antiquities, sponsored the construction of the railway, the city water supply, which was nuts from his personal source. By the end of the life, Ivan Konstantinovich remained as active and active as in his youth: he visited America with his wife, he worked a lot, helped people, engaged in charity, beautification of his native city and teaching activities.

Personal life

Personal life of a great painter is full of ups and falls. There were three love in his fate, three women. The first love of Aivazovsky - a dancer from Venice, the world celebrity Maria Taloni, was older than 13 years. The artist in love went for his muse in Venice, but the relationship was short: the dancer chose the love of the young man ballet.

In 1848, Ivan Konstantinovich was married to Holy Love in Yulia Grevs, the daughter of the Englishman, the former Court Medic of Nicholas I. The young went to Feodosia, where they played a lush wedding. In this marriage, Aivazovsky had four daughters: Alexander, Maria, Elena and Zhanna.

In the photo, the family looks happy, but Idylli was short. After the birth of the daughters of the spouse changed in the character, moved the nervous disease. Julia wanted to live in the capital, to be on the balas, giving room evenings, to lead a secular life, and the heart of the artist belonged to Feodosia and ordinary people. As a result, the marriage ended in divorce, which at the time it happened infrequently. With difficulty, the artist managed to maintain relations with his daughters and their families: a grumpy wife set up girls against the father.

Last love the artist has already met in old age: in 1881 he was 65 years old, and his chosen is only 25 years old. Anna Nikitichna Sarkizov became the spouse of Aivazovsky in 1882 and was with him until the very end. Her beauty is immortalized by his spouse in the picture of the artist's wife.

Death

The great marinist artist who became a global celebrity at the age of 20, died at home in Feodosia aged 82 years, in 1900. On the easel, an unfinished picture of the "Explosion of the Ship" remained.

The best paintings

• "Ninth Val";
• "Shipwreck";
• "Night in Venice";
• "Brig Mercury, attacked by two Turkish ships";
• "Moonlight Night in the Crimea. Gurzuf ";
• "Moonlight on Capri";
• "Moonlight on Bosphorus";
• "Water walking";
• "Chesmen fight";
• "Moonwalk"
• "Bosphorus in the lunar night";
• "A.S. Pushkin on the Black Sea coast ";
• "Rainbow";
• "Sunrise in the harbor";
• "The ship in the middle of a storm";
• "Chaos. World creation;
• "Calm";
• "Venetian night";
• "Global flood".

Often Aivazovsky love to call the baulian fate. This is not surprising - popularity came to him in his youth and remained with the artist until the last days of life, and his paintings were always very warmly taken by the public. Aivazovsky, among those artists who know even people, are distant from fine art, whose creativity like the absolute majority. Aivazovsky is obliged to such success, of course, his unique talent: he often magnifies the "singer of the sea". Indeed, the artist all his life and all the work devoted to this element, in an infinite row of cloths every time revealing it. Below is a story, relatively brief, about the biography and creativity of Aivazovsky, interesting facts and features of execution that have formed a unique style of marinist.

Biography. Childhood

Ovasnes Ayvazyan is such a real name of the artist - Born 17 (29) of July 1817 in the ancient Crimean city of Feodosia in the family of the deceine merchant Gevororka (Constantine) Aivazyan. Gevork wrote his surname to the Polish manner - Gaivazovsky. The family barely reduced their ends with the ends, and Ovanen, the youngest son, began to earn up from ten years.

The talent of the boy manifested itself very early. The house of Aivazyanov stood on the outskirts of the city, on the hill, from where an extraordinary view of the sea was opened. The susceptibility of the future artist allowed him to absorb all the beauty of the endless marine element, to later embody her in his immortal canvases.

But then Zovanes has already painted. Thanks to a happy occasion, the biography and creativity of Aivazovsky are abounding (which in life I invariably accompanied only success), his drawings noticed the township of Treaschairs. He highly appreciated the ability of the boy and took a hot participation in his fate. Treaschairs presented him with paints and paper for drawing and taught from the city architect, then sent to Simferopol to the gymnasium. There, in Simferopol, the talent of Aivazyan was also noticed, and it was decided to bother about his enrollment in

The President of the Academy in those years was Olenin, a famous patron of art, which made a lot for Russian culture. Discarding an unusual talent in Iivazyan, he decides to determine the 13-year-old boy to the Academy.

Study at the Academy of Arts

At the Academy of Ovanen Awazyan (he will change this name to Ivan Aivazovsky, a little later, in 1841) came to the landscape class to M. N. Vorobyev, one of the most famous painters of the beginning of the XIX century. Vorobev became famous not only by his paintings, but also to a considerable extent, the whole of the famous artists, whom he raised (and Aivazovsky - Among them). Vorobyov immediately noticed the tendency of his student to the sea, and then supported every way and developed it. He himself was one of the best landscape players of his time, and Aivazovsky perceived and learned a lot from his individual traits of skill. It is well felt in the picture "Sea coast at night. Lighthouse" (1837).

During his studies at the Avazovsky Academy, it is also actively acquainted with works of art collected in the Hermitage and private collections. Then he participates in the academic exhibition with two canvas: "Etude air over the sea", his first picture, and "view of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg."

Trip to Crimea

In the spring of 1838, Aivazovsky, by decision of the Council of the Academy, is sent for two years in the Crimea to improve its skill. Naturally, the artist chooses the place of his stay Feodosia, the city in which his childhood passed. There he writes a lot from nature: creates sketches, small etudes.

There, Aivazovsky wrote his first major fabric from nature: "Yalta" (1838). The influence of another famous Russian landscape player is noticeable in this picture, however, it is in the Crimea that the original style of the artist begins to take. This is more noticeable in the painting "Old Feodosia" (1839). In the canvases created on the Crimean coast, the artist seeks to create an image of a particular place, capture unique, characteristic features of the place.

In 1839, Aivazovsky at the invitation of Raevsky goes to the naval march to the shores of the Caucasus. The impressions left from that trip will later write "Desent N. N. Zheevsky at Subasha" (1839).

In 1840, Aivazovsky returns to Petersburg, where officially finishes training and the title of artist is appropriated.

Italy

In the summer of 1840, Aivazovsky as a boardary of the Academy among others is going to Rome to improve its skill. There he travels a lot, making countless sketches, sketches, later modifying them in the workshop. Here the creative artist's creative method is finalized: an amazing sensitivity to elusive shades of the state of the element, the ability to memorize a picture in detail, and then in the workshop refine sketches based on seen. Many canvases he created at all without sketches from nature, by memory.

In Italy, in three years, he creates, in addition to other paintings, more than 30 large-scale cavetles - performance is truly unusual. These are Naples, Venice, Amalfi, Sorento. But, besides them, the works are also really monumental: "Creation of the world. Chaos" is the most ambitious of all created in Italy. All the work of the artist is distinguished by an impeccable color composition, designed in a single and style and how it is impossible to transmit all the nuances of the mood of the landscape.

It will later be repeatedly returned to Italian landscapes, creating already in memory of the workshop of the new canvases.

Northern Sea

At the homeland of Aivazovsky returned to the artist with a world name. He was awarded the title of academician, and also ranked the Chief Maritime Staff. There is also a surround and complex task: write all Russian seaports on the Baltic Sea. So a large series of paintings appears, among which are the types of Krondstat, Revel, Svetaborg. All of them combine documentary accuracy in the transfer of details and at the same time poetic spirituality.

Especially among others, "Revel" stands out (1844) - so transparent and light, with the gentle shades of the sky and water, the landscape is a lyric work, a sample of poetry.

In 1845, Aivazovsky traveled to Turkey, Greece and Small Asia together with the expedition. The result of this trip later will be several types of Constantinople, the shores of Turkey and the Bosphorus Strait; The most famous picture of those places - "Georgievsky monastery. Cape Fiolent" (1846). Pictures acquire a noticeable romantic shade, in many ways consonant poetry Pushkin about the sea, interesting effects of lunar and sunlight.

Sea battles

Still being a regular painter of the Chief Maritime Staff, Aivazovsky created a lot of battle paintings depicting the sea battles of the Russian flotilla. In them he felt the glory of Russian weapons and the valor of sailors. The most famous canvases are "Chesme battle on the night from 25 to 26 June 1770" (1848) and "Fight in the Chios Strait on June 24, 1770" (1848), on which key marine battles of the Russian Empire are captured.

Aivazovsky also depicted episodes from the Russian-Turkish war and the defense of Sevastopol. In particular, several paintings were devoted to the famous Mercury Big, who won in unequal battle with two Turkish lincars.

The paintings of the battle of the battle does not observe the image of the sea: they are skillfully woven, and in the battle scene one of the heroes is the sea, majestic and peculiar.

Workshop in Feodosia

In 1846, Aivazovsky begins to build his own home and workshop in Feodosia. After the expedition, he basically lives and works there, visiting Petersburg and to Moscow. From nature, he no longer writes; It works only in the workshop, relying on your memory. He actively participates in social activities, organizes its exhibitions, in 1847 he receives the title of professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

In the 1860-70s, the flourishing of his work comes. Pictures "Sea" (1864), "Black Sea" (1881). Their extraordinary power is that, in addition to external beauty, Aivazovsky very accurately transferred the inner state, the nature and mood of the sea, literally inspired him. This noted and highly appreciated many outstanding artists of the time of that time.

Aivazovsky continued to create paintings until the end of his life. One of its last works, "among the waves" (1898), some are considered the top of the artist's creativity. Deprived of any details - fragments of the mast, people - the image of the swirl of the sea is majestically in its irregularity. Indeed, this is the grandiose result of the creativity of the Great Marinist.

Features of creativity

Many artists somehow appealed to the sea theme throughout their work. However, it was Aivazovsky dedicated to the sea of \u200b\u200ball himself without a residue. From the combination of this endless love for maritime expanses and the ability to perceive the lightest shades of the mood of nature, an exceptional peculiarity of his creativity has grown.

The biography and creativity of Aivazovsky began at the time of romanticism. The creativity of famous Russian poets of that time is Zhukovsky, Pushkin - largely influenced the formation of his style. However, the greatest impression of all famous contemporaries on Aivazovsky made a painter Karl Bhorlylov and his work. This affected later in the battle paintings of the artist.

Romanticism of Aivazovsky is that with all the animals of the paintings, the emphasis is not done on realism, reliability, but on the overall impression, the mood of the landscape. Therefore, a lot of attention is paid to color: each picture is withstanding in a certain tone with an infinite number of shades of variations that create a single integer, the harmony of all elements of the landscape. Special attention to Aivazovsky has given the interaction of water and air: he wrote out for one session, both, and more, thanks to which the sense of unity of space was created.

In the later years, he began to gradually turn to the realism: in the 70s, these are just some elements, and the romantic direction prevails, but in the 80s they occupy more and more place: the effects, colorfulness, dramatic plots are disappearing, and replace Clear careless landscapes, nevertheless also filled with poetry and charm.

The most famous pictures

Almost all the most famous paintings were already mentioned during the story of the biography and the work of Aivazovsky. For children, 10 years and older, maybe it is worth mentioning and the most "concentrated" picture of the artist - "Ninth Val" (1850). The dramatic plot is dawn on the sea after a strong storm and people fighting with the elements - heats the superiority, the power of nature, and the powerlessness of the person in front of her greatness.

Personal life

Talking about the biography and the work of the artist Aivazovsky, we went around his personal life. And he married in 1848 in Yulia Yakovlevna Grefs. According to his own letters, everything happened unusually quickly - "in two weeks" after acquaintance he married, and in marriage Yulia Yakovlevna presented him with four daughters. However, family life did not work out, and after a while there was a divorce.

In 1882, Aivazovsky married the second time - Anna Burnazyan in the widow of the Feodosian merchant. Despite the lack of secular education, she had a natural sense of tact and sensitivity, and with great warmth took care of her husband.

Ivan Aivazovsky - genius. His paintings are genuine masterpieces. And not even from the technique of execution. The first plan here comes to surprisingly truthful mapping of the fine nature of the water element. Naturally, a desire arises to understand the nature of the genius of Aivazovsky.

Any part of the fate was the right and insensitive addition to his talent. In this article, we will try to open the doors to the amazing world of one of the most famous marinists in History - Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky.

It goes without saying that world-class painting suggests a large talent. But the mansion always stood marinist artists. Transfer the aesthetics of "big water" difficult. The complexity here is primarily in the fact that it is on the canvases depicting the sea, the falsity is most clearly felt.

Famous paintings by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky

The most interesting thing for you!

Family and native city

Ivan's father was a human sociable, enterprising and capable. For a long time he lived in Galicia, later moved to Valachia (modern Moldova). Perhaps for some time he traveled with the Gypsy Tabor, because Konstantin spoke of Gypsy. In addition to him, by the way, this curious person owned Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Turkish.

In the end, fate brought him to Feodosia, which quite recently received the status of Porto Franco. The city in which the 350 residents recently lived recently developed into a lively shopping center with a population of several thousand people.

From all south of the Russian Empire, cargoes were delivered to the Feodosiy port, and the goods from sunny Greece and Bright Italy took place. Konstantin Grigorievich, poor, but enterprising successfully engaged in trade and married Armenian named Ripsema. A year later, they were born the son of Gabriel. Konstantin and Ripsey were happy and even began to think about changing housing - a small house built on arrival in the city became cramped.

But soon the Patriotic War of 1812 began, and after her, the plague epidemic came to the city. At the same time, another son was born in the family - Gregory. Constantine's affairs went downstairs, he broke. The need was so great that almost all valuable things had to sell from the house. Father of the family engaged in heavy affairs. He was very helped by his beloved wife - repression was a skillful needlewoman and often nights stretched in order to later sell their products and support the family.

On July 17, 1817, Hovhannes appeared on the world, who became the famous world under the name Ivan Aivazovsky (he changed only in 1841, but we will call Ivan Konstantinovich so now, after all, he became famous as Aivazovsky). It is impossible to say that his childhood was like a fairy tale. The family was poor and already at 10 Yovannes went to work a coffee shop. The elder brother by that time left to study in Venice, and the average just received education in the county school.

Despite the work, the soul of the future artist is truly blooming in the beautiful southern city. Not surprising! Feodosia, despite all the efforts of fate, did not want to lose their brightness. Armenians, Greeks, Turks, Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians - Meszanin traditions, morals, languages \u200b\u200bcreated a colorful background of Feodosian life. But in the foreground was, of course, the sea. It is it that brings the very color that it will not be able to recreate artificially.

Incredible luck Vanya Aivazovsky

Ivan was a very capable child - he himself learned to play the violin and began to draw. The first easel was the wall of the father's house, instead of the canvas he was content with the plaster, and the brush replaced a piece of coal. An amazing boy noticed a couple of prominent benefactors at once. First, the Feodosian architect Yakov Christian Koh drew attention to the drawings of unusual skills.

He gave Vane's first visual art lessons. Later, having heard the game of Ayvazovsky on the violin, Him became interested in Grador Alexander Ivanovich Treaschaev. There was a funny story - when Koh decided to imagine a small artist Kaznowicheev, he was already familiar with him. Thanks to the patronage of Alexander Ivanovich, in 1830 Vanya enters Simferopol lyceum.

The next three years have become an important milestone in the life of Aivazovsky. Studying in a lyceum, he was distinguished from other completely unimaginable talent for drawing. The boy was hard - longing the longing of native and, of course, the sea. But he retained old dating and started new, no less useful. At first they were transferred to Simferopol Treaschaez, and later Ivan became in the house of Natalia Fedorovna Naryshkina. The boy was allowed to use books and engravings, he constantly worked, looking for new plots and techniques. Every day the skill of genius grew.

The notable patrons of the Talent of Aivazovsky decided to apply for his admission to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, sent the best drawings to the capital. After reviewing them, President of the Academy Aleksey Nikolaevich Olenin wrote the Minister of the courtyard, Prince Volkonsky:

"Young Guyvazovsky, judging by his drawing, has an extraordinary location to the composition, but as he, being in the Crimea, could not be prepared there to draw and painting, so that not only to be sent to other regions and learn there without leadership, but even So, to enroll in full-time academists of the Imperial Academy of Arts, because on the basis of § 2nd adding to the establishments, it must have at least 14 years.

To draw well, at least from the original human figure, draw the order of architecture and have preliminary information in the sciences, then in order not to deprive the young man of the case and ways to develop and improve its natural abilities to the art, I believed the only one for the highest Locked on the definition of it to the Academy by a pensioner of his imperial majesty with production for its maintenance and other 600 p. From the Cabinet of His Majesty so that he was brought here on the execution account. "

The permissions that Olenin asked was received when Volkonsky showed drawings to Emperor Nicholas personally. July 22. St. Petersburg Academy of Arts took on the training of a new student. Childhood ended. But Aivazovsky rode to St. Petersburg without fear - rightly felt that there were brilliant accomplishments in artistic genius.

Big city - great opportunities

St. Petersburg period of the life of Aivazovsky is interesting at once for several reasons. Of course, an important role was played by training at the Academy. Ivan's talent was complemented by such the necessary academic lessons. But in this article, I want to tell about the circle of communication of the young artist. Truly, Aivazovsky has always been lucky on acquaintances.

Peterburg Aivazovsky arrived in August. And although he was heard about terrible St. Petersburg dampness and cold, in the summer nothing was felt. Ivan walked around the city all day. Apparently, the soul of the artist filled the longing of the usual south of the beautiful views of the city on the Neva. Especially Aivazovsky hit the Isaac Cathedral and a monument to Peter Great. The massive bronze figure of the first emperor of Russia caused the artist with genuine admiration. Still would! It was Peter who was obliged to existence this wonderful city.

Amazing talent and acquaintance with the Treaschair made ovansa favorite of the public. Moreover, this audience was very influential and helped young tissue more than once. Sparrow, the first teacher of Aivazovsky at the Academy immediately understood what talent he got. Undoubtedly, these creative people brought more music - Maxim Nikiforovich, as well as his student, also played a violin.

But over time, it became obvious that the Aivazovsky perception of Vorobyov. Then he was directed as a student to the French Marinist Philip Tanner. But with a foreigner, Ivan did not grow up with the characters and because of the disease (either fictional, or the real one) left him. Instead, he began working on a series of paintings for the exhibition. And it should be recognized, the canvas he created impressive. It was then that in 1835 he receives a silver medal for the work of the Etude of Air over the sea and "view of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg."

But alas, the capital was not only a cultural center, but also an epicenter of intrigue. Tanner complained to the authorities on the recalcitrant Aivazovsky, they say, what is his student during illness during illness? Nikolai і, a well-known adherent of discipline, personally ordered to remove the pictures of a young artist from the exhibition. It was a very painful blow.

Aivazovsky was not allowed to Handar - the entire public of Yaros was opposed to a non-profitable opal. Olenin, Zhukovsky, court artist Zaerweide petitioned Ivan's forgiveness. The wings himself personally came to console ovansa: "- What. Brother, French offends? Eh, what he is ... Well, God is with him! Do not be sad!..". In the end, justice triumphed - the emperor forgave the young artist and ordered to issue a reward.

In many ways, thanks to Cheerway, Ivan was able to pass the summer practice on the ships of the Baltic Fleet. Created only a hundred years ago, the fleet was already a formidable force of the Russian state. And, of course, for a novice marinist could not be found more necessary, useful and pleasant practitioners.

Write ships without the slightest idea of \u200b\u200btheir device - a crime! Ivan did not begged to communicate with the sailors, to carry out minor instructions of officers. And in the evenings, he played for the team on his beloved violin - in the middle of a cold baltic was heard the charming sound of the Black Sea South.

Charming artist

All this time, Aivazovsky did not stop correspondence with his old benefactor treasurers. It was thanks to him, Ivan began to enter the houses of Alexey Romanovich Tomilov and Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov-Ramnica, the grandson of the famous commander. At the cottage, Tomilovy Ivan even spent the summer vacation. It was then that Aivazovsky got acquainted with Russian nature, unusual for Yazhnina. But the heart of the artist perceives beauty in any of her form. Every day, spent by Ayvazovsky in St. Petersburg or the surrounding area, added something new to the world weight of the future maestro of painting.

In the house of Tomilov, the color of the then intelligentsia was gathered - Mikhail Glinka, Orest Cyprosen, Nestor Dollman, Vasily Zhukovsky. Evenings in such a company were extremely interesting for the artist. The senior comrades of Aivazovsky accepted it in their circle without problems. Democratic tendencies of the intelligentsia and the extraordinary gifting of the young man allowed him to take a worthy place in the company of friends Tomilov. In the evenings, Aivazovsky often played a violin on a special, oriental manner - superposed the tool in his knee or putting it the end. Glinka even included in his opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" a small passage, played by Aivazovsky.

It is known that Ayvazovsky was familiar with Pushkin and loved his poetry very much. The death of Alexander Sergeevich was very painfully perceived by ovhannes, later he specially came to Gurzuf, exactly where the Great Poet spent time. No less important for Ivan was a meeting with Carl Bullylov. Recently finished work on the web "Last Day Pompeii", he came to Petersburg and each of the students of the Academy would passionately wanted that Bullylov was his mentor.

Aivazovsky Pupil Bryullova was not, but often communicated with him personally, and Karl Pavlovich celebrated the talent of ovansa. Nestor Dollman dedicated to Aivazovsky's extensive article at the insistence of Bryllov. An experienced painter saw that the subsequent training at the Academy would be for Ivan Rather Regress - there were no teachers who could give something new to the young artist.

He proposed to the Council of the Academy to reduce the term of training Aivazovsky and send it abroad. Moreover, the new Marina "Shtil" won the gold medal at the exhibition. And this reward just gave the right to travel abroad.

But instead of Venice and Dresden, ovansa sent for two years to the Crimea. Hardly Aivazovsky was not happy - he will again be at home!

Relaxation…

In the spring of 1838, Aivazovsky arrives in Feodosia. Finally, he saw a family, a favorite city and, of course, the South Sea. Of course, Baltika has its charm. But for Aivazovsky, the Black Sea will always be the source of the brightest inspiration. Even after such a long separation with relatives, the artist puts jobs in the first place.

It finds time for communicating with mother, father, sisters and brother - all sincerely proud of ovanes, the most promising artist of St. Petersburg! At the same time, Aivazovsky works hard. He writes the cloth for hours, and after the tired goes to the sea. Here he may feel the mood, then the elusive excitement, which from the small years caused the Black Sea in it.

Soon, the Treaschair came to visit the Aivazovsky. On a par with his parents, Jovarem's success was happy and the first thing I asked to show his new drawings. Seeing wonderful works, he did not hide the artist with himself, on a trip to the southern coast of Crimea.

Of course, after such a long separation, it was unpleasant after such a long separation, but the desire to feel the native Crimea translated. Yalta, Gurzuf, Sevastopol - everywhere found Aivazovsky material for new canvases. Treaschairs who served in Simferopol, urged the artist to visit, but he again and again grief benefactor refusal - work above all.

... before the fight!

At this time, Aivazovsky met another wonderful person. Nikolai Nikolayevich Raevsky - a traveler, an outstanding commander, son of Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, the hero of the defense of Raevsky's battery in the Borodino battle. Lieutenant-General participated in Napoleonic wars, Caucasian campaigns.

These two unlike the first glance of people near the love of Pushkin. Aivazovsky, from the small years, admired by the poetic genius of Alexander Sergeyevich, found in Rajevsky soul. Long exciting conversations about the poet ended completely unexpectedly - Nikolay Nikolayevich suggested Aivazovsky to accompany him in the sea hike to the shores of the Caucasus and look at the landing of the Russian landing. It was an invaluable opportunity to see something new, and even on such a beloved Black Sea. Ovanes immediately agreed.

Of course, this trip was important in terms of creativity. But here were invaluable meetings, they would be a crime. At the steamer "Kolkhida", Aivazovsky met with Lvir Sergeevich Pushkin, Alexander's brother. Later, when the steamer joined the main squadron, Ivan got acquainted with people who were an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the Marinistered Artist.

Going from "Colchis" to the Sistorian battleship, Aivazovsky was represented by Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. The hero of Russia, the participant in the famous Navarrian battle and the discoverer of Antarctica, Novator and the competent commander, he was vividly interested in Aivazovsky and personally suggested that the "Silistria" to study the subtleties of the Fleet, which would undoubtedly come in handy in his work. It would seem wherever: Lion Pushkin, Nikolay Raevsky, Mikhail Lazarev - some of the whole life will not meet even one person of this scale. But Aivazovsky has completely different fate.

Later, he was introduced to Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, the captain of the "Silibor", the future commander of the Russian fleet in the Sinopsky battle and the organizer of the heroic defense of Sevastopol. In this brilliant company, the young University, the future Vice Admiral and the captain of the famous sailboat "Twelve Apostles", was completely untared. Aivazovsky worked with a completely special passion these days: the situation was unique. Warm environment, favorite Black Sea and elegant ships, which could be studied how much soul wishes.

But the time of landing came. Aivazovsky personally wanted to take part in it. At the last moment they found that the artist was completely unarmed (still!) And he was given a couple of pistols. So Ivan and descended into the landing boat - with a portfolio for papers and paints and pistols at the belt. Although his boat, among the first, moored to the shore, did not watch the Aivazovsky fight. A few minutes after the disembarkation was injured, the friend of the artist - Michman Fredericks. Without finding a doctor, Ivan himself puts the wounded help, and then he supplements on the ship on the boat. But after returning to the coast, Ayvazovsky sees that the battle almost ended. He did not make a minute for a minute. However, let us give the floor to the artist, who in the journal "Kievskaya Starina" described the landing of almost forty years later - in 1878:

"... Coast, illuminated by the setting sun, forest, distant mountains, fleet, standing on anchor, boats dancing around the sea, support a message with the shore ... Moving the forest, I went to the glade; Here is a painting of recreation after a recent combat alarm: a group of soldiers sitting on the drums officers, the corpses of those killed and who came for harvesting their Circassian sorts. Deploying the portfolio, I armed with a pencil and began to draw one group. At this time, some Circassian took the briefcase from my hands, it suffered to show my drawing to his. Did he like the mountaineers - I do not know; I only remember that Circass returned to me a drawing with poured in the blood ... This "local color" remained on it, and for a long time shore is a tangible memory of the expedition ... ".

What words! The artist saw everything - shore, the setting sun, forest, mountains and, of course, ships. A little later, he wrote one of his best works "Truck at Subasha". But this genius threatened mortal danger during landing! But fate was shouted for further accomplishments. During the holiday of Aivazovsky, there was still a journey through the Caucasus, and intense work on the transformation of etudes into real web. But he coped with honor. As always, however.

Hi, europe!

Returning to St. Petersburg, Aivazovsky received the title of artist 14 class. Education at the Academy ended, ovanen overgrown with all his teachers and was given the opportunity to travel in Europe, naturally, with state content. He lealed with a light soul: earnings allowed to help parents, and live himself quite comfortable. And although at first Aivazovsky was supposed to visit Berlin, Vienna, Trieste, Dresden - most of all he was drawn to Italy. There was such a favorite southern sea and the elusive magic of the Apennine. In July 1840, Ivan Aivazovsky with his friend and Slashnik, Vasily Sternberg went to Rome.

This trip to Italy was very useful for Aivazovsky. He received a unique opportunity to study the work of great Italian masters. For hours, he was idle by the clouel, painted them, trying to understand the secret mechanism that Rafael's creations and Botichelli masterpieces. I tried to be in many interesting places, for example, the house of Columbus in Genoa. And what kind of landscapes he found! Apennines reminded Ivan his native Crimea, but with her, another charm.

Yes, and the feelings of kinship with the ground was not. But how many opportunities for creativity! And Aivazovsky has always enjoyed the opportunities to him provided. The level of artist's skill is eloquently, a remarkable fact: the painting "chaos" wanted to buy the Pope himself. Who is who, and the pontiff is used to get only the best! A threatening artist refused to pay, just giving "Chaos" Grigory XVI. Dad did not leave him without award, handing a gold medal. But the main thing is the effect of a gift in the world of painting - the name of Aivazovsky thundered to the whole of Europe. In the first, but not the last time.

In addition to work, however, Ivan had another reason to visit Italy, more precisely, Venice. It is there on the island of St. Lazaror lived and his brother Gabriel worked. Staying in San of Archimandrite, he was engaged in research work and teaching. The meeting of the brothers was held warm, Gabriel asked a lot about Feodosia and parents. But soon they broke up. The next time they will meet in Paris in a few years. Rome Aivazovsky met Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Alexander Andreevich Ivanov. Even here, on someone else's land, Ivan managed to find the best representatives of the Land Russian!

In Italy, the exhibitions of Pictures of Aivazovsky took place. The public invariably came to admiration and was vividly interested in this young Russian, who managed to convey all the warmth of the south. All more often Aivazovsky began to recognize on the streets, come to him in the workshop and order work. "Neapolitan Bay", "Views of Vesuviy on the Lunar Night", "View of the Venetian Lagoon" - these masterpieces were the quintessence of the Italian spirit of the Iivazovsky's soul. In April 1842, he refers part of the paintings in Petrburg and notifies the venison about the intention to visit France and the Netherlands. Ivan no longer asks permission to travel - he has enough money, he loudly declared himself and will be welcome in any country. Requests only about one thing - that his sorry sent mothers.

Pictures of Aivazovsky were presented at the exhibition in Louvre and were so struck by the French that he was awarded the Golden Medal of the French Academy. But he did not limit himself with one France: England, Spain, Portugal, Malta - everywhere, where you could see such an expensive to the heart of the sea, the artist visited. The exhibitions enjoyed success and Aivazovsky unanimously showered critics and inexperienced visitors with compliments. There was no longer a shortage of money, but Aivazovsky lived modestly, given to work fully.

Artist of the Main Maritime Staff

Not wanting to delay your voyage, already in 1844 he returns to St. Petersburg. On July 1, he was awarded to the Order of St. Anne 3 degrees, and in September of the same year, Aivazovsky receives the title of Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In addition, it is ranked at the main sea office with the right wearing uniform! We know how the pita includes sailors to the honor of the uniform. And here it is worn by civilian, and also the artist!

Nevertheless, this appointment was welcomed in the headquarters, and Ivan Konstantinovich (it can already be called it - a world-famous artist, as-in no way!) Enjoy all possible privileges of this position. He demanded ships drawings, for him ship guns (so that he could consider the trajectory of the nucleus), Aivazovsky even participated in maneuvers in Finnish Bay! In short, I did not just served the number, but worked diligently and with the desire. Naturally, the canvas were also at the level. Soon the Pictures of Aivazovsky began to decorate the residence of the emperor, at home for nobility, government galleries and private collections.

The next year was very tense. In April 1845, Ivan Konstantinovich was included in the Russian delegation, which was sent to Constantinople. Having been in Turkey, Aivazovsky was fighting the beauties of Istanbul and the beautiful coast of Anatolia. After some time, he returned to Feodosia, where he bought a land plot and began to build his house-workshop, which designed personally. Many people do not understand the artist - the sovereign, a popular artist, why not live in the capital? Or abroad? Feodosia because wild wilderness! But Iivazovsky does not think so. He suits the exhibition of his paintings in a new-built house, which works in the bottom and Nostano. Many guests noted that despite the kind of household conditions, Ivan Konstantinovich was loyal and turned pale. But, in spite of everything, Aivazovsky finishes work and goes to Petersburg - he is still a serviceful person, it is impossible to treat this irresponsibly!

Love and War

In 1846, Aivazovsky arrived in the capital and stayed there for several years. The reason for this was the permanent exhibitions. With the frequency of half a year, they passed in St. Petersburg, then in Moscow in completely different places, then cash, then free. And at every exhibition was the presence of Aivazovsky. He received gratitude, visited the guest, took gifts and orders. Free time in this sustrone was rare. One of the most famous paintings was created - "Ninth Val".

But it is worth noting that Ivan traveled to Feodosia. The reason for this was archived - in 1848, Aivazovsky married. Suddenly? Until 31 years, the artist did not have a beloved - all his emotions and experiences remained on the canvases. And here such an unexpected step. However, Southern Blood is hot, and love, the thing is unpredictable. But even more surprisingly chosen by Aivazovsky - a simple maid of Julia Grace, Englishwoman, the daughter of Liebe Medica, who served the emperor Alexander.

Of course, this marriage did not pass the St. Petersburg unnoticed in the secular circles - many were surprised by the selection of the artist, many of him were frankly criticized. The charter, apparently, from close attention to his personal life, Aivazovsky with his wife and in 1852 leaves home in Crimea. An additional reason (or maybe the main one?) Was that first Daughter - Elenaalready at the age of three years, and second daughter - MariaRecently celebrated a year. In any case, Aivazovsky waited for Feodosia Feodosia.

At home, the artist is trying to organize art school, but receives a refusal of financing from the emperor. Instead, he, together with his wife, begins archaeological excavations. In 1852, the family is born third daughter - Alexander. Leaves Ivan Konstantinovich, of course, and work on the paintings. But in 1854, the landing land in the Crimea, Aivazovsky hops the family to Kharkov, and himself returns to the deposited Sevastopol to the long friend to Cornilov.

Kornilov orders the artist to leave the city, saving him from possible death. Aivazovsky obediences. Soon the war ends. For everyone, but not for Aivazovsky - he will still write brilliant paintings on the theme of the Crimean War.

Subsequent years are held in Skysotice. Aivazovsky regularly goes to the capital, engaged in the affairs of Feodosia, goes to Paris to a meeting with his brother, reveals the same school of art. In 1859 is born fourth daughter - Jeanne. But Aivazovsky is constantly busy. Despite the connectors, the creativity takes most of all. During this period, paintings are created on biblical topics, battle canvases that regularly appear at exhibitions - in Feodosia, Odessa, Taganrog, Moscow, St. Petersburg. In 1865, Aivazovsky receives the Order of St. Vladimir 3 degrees.

Admiral Aivazovsky

But Julia is dissatisfied. Why should her order? Ivan ignores her requests, she does not receive due attention and in 1866 refuses to return to Feodosia. The disintegration of the Aivazovsky family was experiencing hard, and to distract - everything goes to work. He writes paintings, traveling through the Caucasus, Armenia, pays all his free time to students of his artistic academy.

In 1869, he goes to the discovery, in the same year it arranges the next exhibition in St. Petersburg, and next one receives the title of a valid Stat adviser who corresponded to the rank of admiral. A unique case in Russian history! In 1872, he will have an exhibition in Florence to which he prepared for several years. But the effect exceeded all the expectations - he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts, and his self-portrait was decorated with the Gallery of Pitty Palace - Ivan Konstantinovich stood in one row with the best artists of Italy and the world.

A year later, setting the next exhibition in the capital, Aivazovsky leaves for Istanbul at the personal invitation of Sultan. This year was fruitful - 25 caved for Sultan was written! Sincerely admiring Turkish ruler, Peter Konstantinovich Ottore is the second degree. In 1875, Aivazovsky leaves Turkey and heads to St. Petersburg. But on the way, he visits Odessa - to see his wife and children. It was not necessary to wait for warmth from Julia to wait, he invites her with her daughter Jeanne next year to go to Italy. Wife accepts a proposal.

While traveling spouses attend Florence, Nice, Paris. Julia is nice to appear with her husband in secular receptions, Aivazovsky considers it secondary and devotes all his free time. Realizing that the former marital happiness is not to return, Aivazovsky asks the Church to break the marriage and in 1877 his request is satisfied.

Returning to Russia, he travels to Feodosiya along with his daughter Alexander, son-in-law Michael and the grandson of Nikolai. But Aivazovsky's children did not have to do in a new place - the next Russian-Turkish war began. Next year, the artist sends a daughter with her husband and her son to Feodosia, and himself goes abroad. For two years.

He will be in Germany and France, he will visit again, will prepare pictures for exhibitions in Paris and London. Constantly looking for promising artists from Russia, sending petitions to the Academy about their content. He painfully perceived the news of the death of Brother in 1879. In order not to Handing - the habit went to work.

Love in Feodosia and love for Feodosia

Returning to his homeland in 1880, Aivazovsky immediately rides the Feodosia and begins the construction of a special pavilion for the picture gallery. He spends a lot of time with the grandson of Misha, walking with him for a long time, gently puts an artistic taste. Every day, a few hours Aivazovsky dedicated to students of the Art Academy. It works inspired, with an extraordinary enthusiastic age. But it also requires a lot from students, strict with them and a few standing in Ivan Konstantinovich.

In 1882, an incomprehensible - 65-year-old artist married the second time! His choirs was 25-year-old Anna Nikitichna Bournazyan. Since Anna recently widowed (actually, it was at the funeral of her husband's husband, Aivazovsky drew attention to her), the artist had to wait a little before making a marriage proposal. January 30, 1882 of the Simferopol Sv. Assumption Church "Valid Stat Counselor I. K. Aivazovsky, divided by the decree of the Echmiadzin Sinoid dated May 30, 1877 N 1361 with the first wife from a legitimate marriage, he joined the right marriage with the wife of the Feodosiovsky merchant the widow of Anna MGRCHYAN Sarsisova, both Armenian-Gregorian confession. "

Soon, the spouses go to Greece, where Aivazovsky works again, including the portrait of his wife. In 1883, he constantly writes letters to the ministers, defending Feodosia and proving in every possible way that its location is best suited for the construction of the port, but a little later in the replacement of the urban priest. In 1887, the exhibition of paintings by the Russian artist takes place in Vienna, for which, right, he did not go, remaining in Feodosia. Instead, he gives all his free time with creativity, wife, disciples, builds the art gallery in Yalta. With Pompey, the 50th anniversary of Aivazovsky's artistic activity was celebrated. All the highest light of St. Petersburg came to welcome the professor of painting, which became one of the symbols of Russian art.

In 1888, Aivazovsky receives an invitation to visit Turkey, but does not go on political reasons. Nevertheless, several dozen of their paintings he sends to Istanbul, for which Sultan is in absentia by His Order of the first degree. A year later, the artist and his wife goes to a personal exhibition in Paris, where he was awarded the Order of the Foreign Legion. On the way back, the married couple still visits in so beloved Ivan Konstantinovich Istanbul.

In 1892, Aivazovsky marks 75. And he rides to America! The artist plans to refresh his impressions of the ocean, see the Niagar, visit New York, Chicago, Washington and present their paintings at the World Exhibition. And all this is the eighth ten! Well, sit yourself in the rank of Stat advisor in his native Feodosia surrounded by grandchildren and a young wife! No, Ivan Konstantinovich perfectly remembers, so that he rose so high. Diligence and fantastic dedication - without this, Aivazovsky will cease to be himself. However, he was not long in America for a long time and returned home in the same year. Returned to work. Such was Ivan Konstantinovich.

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski. Years of life: 1817-1900.

Facts biography. Childhood

Inspirational poet of the sea, "Singer Wave", Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born on July 17, 1817 in Feodosia. His childhood was not easy. At ten, he began to work the "boy" in the coffee shop. The first drawing teacher was the urban architect, who once found him drawing a squadron of ships on the wall of the house of one venerable townogen. With the help of rich patrons, Aivazovsky enters Simferopol gymnasium, and in 1833 in the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Study and first creativity

Began new a life. Accepted on a government account to the Academy, the talented young man immediately drew attention to himself. In 1835, at the academic exhibition, he presented the picture "Etude air over the sea", which attracted numerous audience.

The fate of the young artist with outstanding contemporaries is the artist K. P. Bryullov, composer M. I. Glinka, Basinisian I. A. Krylov. At the academic exhibition of 1836, Aivazovsky met with Pushkin. The image of a great poet for life imprinted in the soul of the artist. The picture of the "Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Sea at night" is the first tribute to Aivazov's memory of the poet.

The Academy of Arts sends it to the Crimea to create paintings depicting Crimean seaside cities. And Aivazovsky returns to the sea. He writes the views of Yalta, Feodosia, Sevastopol, Kerch. During a trip to Crimea, it is closer to the commanders of the Black Sea Fleet - Lazarev, Cornilov, Nakhimov.

Slava artist

In the spring of 1840, the Academy of Arts sent a gifted young man to Italy to improve in painting. Here, in Italy, fame comes to Aivazovsky. At the art exhibition in Rome were his paintings: "Neapolitan night", "Storm", "Chaos" ("Creation of the World"). Newspapers spoke about the talented artist. He was devoted to poems.

In 1843, Aivazovsky travels to Europe in Europe. Sea painting in the middle of the XIX century was not much disseminated, and this has already attracted all the attention to the work of Aivazovsky. At the proposal of the French government to the exhibition in the Louvre, the artist presented three pictures of "Sea in quiet weather", "Night on the shore of the Naples Bay" and "Storm off the coast of Abkhazia."

One critic in his laudatory review about the pictures of Aivazovsky wrote that, according to rumors, the artist was going to remain in Paris forever and adopt French citizenship. This message was so insulted by Aivazovsky that he requested a permit from the Academy to return to his homeland for two years.

And now he is again in Russia. The Council of the Academy of Arts assisted the Aivazovsky title of academician. For outstanding services in the field of marine painting, the artist was ranked in the Chief Maritime Staff. He was assigned the title of the first painter and the right to wear a marine uniform. We instructed to write the types of Russian first-class ports and seaside cities: St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Peterhof, Ganguta, Revel. The artist was completely given to this work and in a short time fulfilled this order.

Belinsky about the work of the artist

Aivazovsky at that time wrote a lot of other paintings. Petersburg aristocrats in pursuit of fashion was filled with Aivazovsky countless orders. The artist was invited to the Great Salons. In the house of Prince Odoyevsky Aivazovsky met Belinsky. This meeting was very helped by the artist. Belinsky said that the paintings of the Aivazovsky, perfect in shape, are full of such serenity, which shook a sense of public debt from the viewer. Aivazovsky closed in his workshop. He forgot about everything - about orders of noble nobles, about secular salons. And soon he brought his new picture Belinsky.

The artist depicted people saving after shipwreck. The Terrible Sea does not subside and will be ready to absorb these courageous people at any moment. But the will to life will win, the element will retreat before the fearlessness of man.

Belinsky was delighted with the painting.

Return to Feodosiya

In the early spring of 1845, Aivazovsky on the advice of Belinsky leaves for his native Feodosia, to the sea, without which his work was unthinkable.

Almost every year Aivazovsky came with the exhibition of his paintings to Petersburg. Each trip brought a new success to the artist. In 1850, Aivazovsky wrote his most significant picture of the "ninth shaft".

By the end of his life, he lived in Feodosia, a lot of energy was invested by an artist in the economic development and improvement of the city. Aivazovsky dreamed that a school for novice artists will be created in his city. He even developed a project of such a school and turned to the king, but did not receive support. Then he decided to build an art gallery for his money, where young artists will come, to whom he will give his skill and experience.

The gallery was built. Glory spread about it throughout Russia. Amateur from all over the country came to Feodosia to see his new paintings: "Rainbow", "Sunny Day", "Chernochka", "among the waves."

last years of life

In recent years of life, Aivazovsky, together with Repin, writes the picture "Pushkin on the Black Sea". Already a deep old man he creates a picture "Among the waves." Ten days wrote this picture the artist. She was so great that he did not fit in the workshop.

Until the last day, the artist did not part with the brush. Death came unexpectedly. On May 2, 1900, the Ivazovsky still worked in the morning, and the heart of the Great Artist of the Sea ceased to fight at night.

T. Yakovlev, briefly about the biography, life and work of the great artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky

The biography of Aivazovsky, like any creator, is full of interesting events, extraordinary people who met on the life path of the artist and faith in their talent.
Ivan Konstantinovich was born 17 (29) of July 1817 in Feodosia. As a child, Ivan was identified with music and drawing abilities. The first lessons of artistic skill were given to him by the famous Feodosi architect, Ya.Kh.kom.

Becoming a graduate of the school, Aivazovsky entered Simferopol gymnasium. After its end, on the protection of the Feodosi Gradorchlik, A.I.Kaznachayev, the future artist was credited to the Metropolitan Imperial Academy of Arts.

Further learning

In August 1833, Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg. He studied from such masters like M. Vorobiev, F.Tanner, A.I. Cheeperweed. His paintings written during training were awarded a silver medal. Aivazovsky was such a gifted student that he was released from the Academy for 2 years ahead of time. For independent creativity, Ivan Konstantinovich was sent first in his native Crimea, and then into a foreign business trip for 6 years.

Crimean European period

In the spring of 1838, Aivazovsky went to the Crimea. There he created marine landscapes, engaged in battle painting. In Crimea, he stayed 2 years. Then, together with V.Sternberg, his companion on the landscape class, the artist went to Rome. On the way, they visited Florence and Venice, where the acquaintance of Aivazovsky with N.Gogol.

Anyone who is interested in the biography of Aivazovsky, should know that he acquired his player writing paintings in southern Italy. Many of the European periods were awarded the praise of such a mastted criticism as W.Terner. In 1844, Aivazovsky arrived in Russia.

Recognition of talent

1844 was a landmark for the artist. He became the main painter of the Russian Chief Maritime Staff. After 3 years, he was assigned the title of professor at the Academy of Arts St. Petersburg. For children interested in the life of the Great Artist, it is important to know that its main works are the paintings "Ninth Val" and "Black Sea".

But the battles and marine landscapes did not limit his work. He created a series of Crimean and Ukrainian landscapes, wrote several historical canvases. In just every life, Aivazovsky wrote more than 6,000 caved.

In 1864 the artist became an offacarious nobleman. He was also awarded the rank of a valid secret advisor. This title corresponded to Admiral.

Family artist

Aivazovsky's personal life was not rich. He married twice. The first marriage was concluded in 1848. The spouse of the artist became Yu.A. Grevs. Four daughters were born from this marriage. The happy union was not, and after 12 years, the spouses broke up. The main reason for separation was that Grevs, unlike his spouse, sought to live a secular life in the capital.

The second wife of Ayvazovsky became A.N. Sarkisov-Burrzanyan. She was younger than Aivazovsky for 40 years and survived it for 44 years.

Death

Aivazovsky died suddenly at night from hemorrhage to the brain on April 19 (May 2) 1900, in Feodosia. On the easel, the painting "Explosion of the ship" remained an unaccepting picture, which worked on the day before. He was buried in the Armenian Church of Surb Sarkis.