Always be in the mood. Zhilin and Kostylin - a comparative characteristic The character of Zhilin and Kostylin from the story Caucasian

In the work of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus" two different, opposite to each other main characters are shown - Zhilin and Kostylin. This story shows a true, life story that surprises with its simplicity.

The two main characters are fellow officers and friends in need. Zhilin and Kostylin are noblemen serving in the Caucasus. While going on vacation, they are captured by the highlanders. Reading this story, you have to look at this situation through the eyes of two completely different people.

Outwardly, buddies are very different from each other. Kostylin is an obese man who, due to his weight, constantly sweats and fills with paint. Zhilin, on the contrary, is short, slender and dexterous. Paying attention to the names of the characters, you can see how accurately they describe the characters. The surname Zhilin speaks of his athletic physique, endurance and strength. While the name of Kostylin shows the opposite - his clumsiness and lack of independence.

In the story, Zhilin is shown as a prudent and intelligent young man. He is able to sensibly assess the situation and find the right solution to it. Kostylin behaves carelessly, until he is in danger. He does not hide his fear and often makes himself a coward. But the characters of the heroes are clearly manifested at the moment when both of them are captured by the highlanders.

Once in captivity, Zhilin shows his brave features, despite the threat to his life. He refuses to pay the ransom and deliberately sends a letter to a different address to prevent the mother from worrying in advance. But Kostylin acts differently. He immediately writes several letters home, asking for help and the prompt sending of money at his mercy.

Zhilin initially set a goal to run home, but besides this, he observes local life, tries to understand other people's life and customs. Zhilin wins the respect of the owner with his positive qualities. He makes toys, treats local residents and becomes close to Dina, who helps him escape in the end.

Kostylin is inactive throughout the story, waiting for a letter from his family. When Zhilin manages to escape, he takes Kostylin with him, who becomes a complaining burden during the escape. Zhilin suffers pain and fatigue, without abandoning Kostylin, carries him on himself. When the comrades are again captured and returned to captivity, Kostylin will also be inactive.

At the end of the story, the comrades manage to save themselves a second time, but this happens only because of the unbroken spirit of Zhilin, who never ceased to resist. The author strongly sympathizes with Zhilin, admiring his courage and resilience. The reader, while reading the story, cannot but feel a certain contempt for Kostylyn, who does not make even a drop of effort to free himself from enemy captivity. The work shows two heroes who are complete opposites of each other. This is what makes readers compare the individual qualities of the personality and the actions of the characters.

Option 2

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in his work entitled "Prisoner of the Caucasus" tells about two Russian officers Zhilin and Kostylin. The author uses an interesting feature, he describes their behavior in the same situations, showing how different attitudes and behavior can be, depending on the character.

The heroes meet at the beginning of the story, Zhilin is ready for a dangerous act, because he is in a hurry to meet his mother, while the Kostylyns are simply driven by a feeling of hunger and heat, which does not allow him to live in peace. There is also a difference in the external description of young people, Zhilin is not tall, but at the same time he is quite daring and is able to get out of any situation. Kostylin, on the contrary, is tall, overweight and rather thick.

Their surnames can be called speaking, Zhilin is formed from the word "lived", he can be called quite sinewy, strong and hardy enough. Kostylin needs support and support in everything, a kind of crutch that will support him, because he himself cannot do anything.

Zhilin is portrayed as a decisive person and capable of taking independent actions, but at the same time he can prudently look ahead and make informed decisions. At the same time, Kostylin looks more like a frivolous person who sometimes is not responsible for the decisions he makes, he hopes that he will be carried over and nothing fatal will happen.

Another key point is the attitude towards animals, Zhilin calls her affectionately mother, and Kostylin simply scoffs, beating with a whip, which turned up under the arm.

This difference is especially noticeable when they are captured. Kostylin asks his mother to send money, and Zhilin deliberately writes the wrong address so that the letter does not reach the mother. At the same time, he takes advantage of the time spent in captivity, tries to observe the culture and lifestyle of the people who took him prisoner. What can not be said about Kostylin, he dreams of leaving captivity as soon as possible, even if it becomes a burden for his relatives and friends.

Thus, two people who fell into the same circumstances, show completely different character traits, they show the difference in upbringing.

Comparison of Zhilin and Kostylin

Tolstoy in his story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" tells about two officers Zhilin and Kostylin. The author puts them on equal terms, as two military men with similar fates and in the same situation. But due to their character and personality, everyone behaves differently under the same conditions. Leo Tolstoy tells about this state of affairs.

Zhilin and Kostyli were participants in the battles for the annexation of the Caucasus to the Russian lands. And now fate, or rather, by their own decision, the comrades are left alone. Thus, they get into trouble, where Kostylin fled leaving his friend, a gun and ran away, thinking only about his life. Zhilin, on the contrary, did not boast of his life and only planned to benefit by his death and kill at least one Tatar with a saber.

But fate did not save Kostylin from captivity, where Zhilin was already at that time. The Tatars force the prisoners to immediately write letters to their homeland, so that they send a huge monetary ransom, if they want to see their own men again. So Kostylin, without hesitation, writes a letter to his father's house, where he asks his family to send 5 thousand rubles. Zhilin, on the contrary, does not want to send a letter, but due to the impossibility of this, he simply writes the wrong address of his house. Zhilin understands that his mother lives alone and will not be able to send such an amount.

In anticipation of salvation or death, Zhilin and Kostylin also behaved differently, although it would seem that in a limited environment there is no chance of being realized. Zhilin dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for a little Tatar girl, who in return brought him cakes and milk. Kostylin did nothing at that time. And on the day of the escape, both prisoners run together barefoot, as a result of which they wash their feet and Zhilin has to carry on himself a weakened partner. Because of this, they are caught again.

Even after the Caucasian captives are caught, Zhilin does not give up and continues to believe in his escape, Kostylin continues to live the same life of a captive person. The same girl who fed him in the old days comes to the aid of the brave and brave Zhilin. She lowers a long stick into the pit, by which the man is understood. He was able to run to the Russians, where safety awaited him, and Kostylin waited for money from his relatives and was ransomed.

Thus, the reader directly sees the heroes-antipodes. Zhilin is a brave, courageous, honest and decisive young man who thinks not only of himself, but also of his relatives, of the people around him no matter what the circumstances, and Kostylin is selfish, pitiful, cowardly and lazy.

Every person makes mistakes, regardless of age and amount of wisdom. This is an invariable part of life, lessons through which no one has the right to step over.

Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin - the heroes of Leo Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"

In the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy introduces us to two Russian officers - Zhilin and Kostylin. The author builds his work on the opposition of these heroes. By showing us how they behave in the same situations, Tolstoy expresses his idea of ​​what a person should be.

At the beginning of the story, the writer brings these characters together. We learn that Zhilin decides on a dangerous act, because he is in a hurry to see his mother, and Kostylin - only because "I want to eat, and the heat." The author describes Zhilina as follows: "... although he was small in stature, he was daring." "And Kostylin is an overweight, fat man, all red, and sweat pours from him." Such a difference in the external description is further enhanced by the meaning of the names of the heroes. After all, the name Zhilin echoes the word "lived", and the hero can be called a wiry person, that is, strong, strong and enduring. And in the surname Kostylin the word "crutch" sounds: indeed, he needs support and support, but he himself cannot do anything.

The writer portrays Zhilina as a decisive, but at the same time very prudent person: "We must go up the mountain, have a look ...". He knows how to assess the danger and calculate his strength. Unlike him, Kostylin is very frivolous: “What to watch? let's go ahead. " Frightened by the Tatars, he behaved like a coward.

Even the heroes treat the horse differently. Zhilin calls her "mother", and Kostylin mercilessly "fries" her with a whip. But most clearly the difference in the characters of the heroes is manifested when both of them are in Tatar captivity.

Once captured, Zhilin immediately shows himself to be a brave, strong man, refusing to pay "three thousand coins": "... with them that is shy, it is worse." Moreover, feeling sorry for his mother, he deliberately writes the address “wrong” so that the letter does not reach. And Kostylin, on the contrary, writes home several times and asks to send money for the ransom.

Zhilin set himself a goal: "I will leave." He does not waste time in vain, watching the life, way of life and habits of the Tatars. The hero learned to "understand in their language", began to do needlework, make toys, heal people. By this he managed to win them over to him and even won the love of the owner. It is especially touching to read about Zhilin's friendship with Dina, who saved him in the end. Using this friendship as an example, Tolstoy shows us his rejection of self-interest and enmity between peoples.

And Kostylin "sits in the barn all day and counts the days when the letter arrives or sleeps." Thanks to his intelligence and ingenuity, Zhilin was able to organize an escape and, like a friend, took Kostylin with him. We see that Zhilin courageously endures pain, and "Kostylin is still lagging behind and groaning." But Zhilin does not abandon him, but carries him on himself.

Caught in captivity for the second time, Zhilin still does not give up and runs away. And Kostylin is passively waiting for money and is not looking for a way out at all.

At the end of the story, both heroes were saved. But the actions of Kostylin, his cowardice, weakness, betrayal in relation to Zhilin cause condemnation. Only Zhilin deserves respect, because he got out of captivity thanks to his human qualities. Tolstoy has a special sympathy for him, admires his tenacity, fearlessness and sense of humor: "So I went home and got married!" We can say that the writer dedicated his story to Zhilin, because he called him "Prisoner of the Caucasus", and not "Prisoners of the Caucasus."

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"Prisoner of the Caucasus" is a story that is sometimes called a story. Wrote it tells us about a Russian officer who was held captive by the mountaineers. The story was first published in the Zarya magazine in 1872. It is one of the most popular works of the great Russian writer, which has undergone many reprints. The title of the story is a reference to the poem of the same name by Pushkin. In this article, we will produce Zhilin and Kostylin. These are two main characters, the opposition of personalities of which forms the basis of the work. See the description of Zhilin and Kostylin below.

History setting

The narrative is based in part on a real event that happened during Tolstoy's service in the Caucasus (50s of the XIX century). He wrote in his diary in June 1853 that he almost got captured, but behaved well in this case, although and overly sensitive. Lev Nikolaevich, together with his friend, once miraculously escaped the pursuit. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades in arms from captivity.

Ransom letters written by two officers

The story takes place during the period of Zhilin, an officer serving in the navy. His mother sends his son a letter with a request to visit her, and he leaves the fortress with the wagon train. On the way, he overtakes him along with Kostylyn and stumbles upon mounted "Tatars" (that is, Muslim mountaineers).

They shoot the horse, and the officer himself is taken prisoner (his comrade is running). Zhilin is taken to a mountain village, after which it is sold to Abdul-Murat. "How did Zhilin and Kostylin meet after that?" - you ask. It turned out that by that time Kostylin, a colleague of Zhilin, who was also caught by the Tatars, was already in captivity at Abdul-Murat's. Abdul-Murat makes Russian officers write letters home in order to receive a ransom for them. Zhilin points out the wrong address on the envelope, realizing that the mother, in any case, will not be able to collect the required amount.

Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity

Kostylin and Zhilin live in a barn, they put pads on their feet during the day. Zhilin fell in love with local children, first of all Dina, 13-year-old daughter of Abdul-Murat, whom he made dolls with. While walking around the surroundings and the aul, this officer ponders how to escape to the Russian fortress. He digs a tunnel in the barn at night. Dina sometimes brings him pieces of lamb or flatbread.

Escape of two officers

When Zhilin learns that the inhabitants of this aul are alarmed by the death of a fellow villager who died in a battle with the Russians, he finally decides to escape. Together with Kostylyn, the officer crawls into the tunnel at night. They want to get to the forest, and then to the fortress. But due to the fact that the obese Kostylin was clumsy, they do not have time to implement their plans, the Tatars notice the young people and bring them back. They are now put in a pit and no longer take off the stocks for the night. Dina sometimes continues to carry food to the officer.

The second escape of Zhilin

Realizing that their enslavers are afraid that the Russians may come soon, and therefore may kill their captives, Zhilin once as night falls asks Dina to get a long stick. With her help, he gets out of the hole. The limp and sore Kostylin remains inside. He tries, including with the help of the girl, to knock the lock off the blocks, but he fails. At dawn, making his way through the forest, Zhilin goes out to the Russian troops. Kostylin subsequently, with his health undermined to the extreme, is ransomed from captivity by his comrades.

Characteristics of the main characters ("Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy)

Zhilin and Kostylin are Russian officers. They both participate in the war for Zhilina, a letter comes from the mother, in which she asks her son to visit her before dying to say goodbye. He, without hesitation, sets off on the road. But it was dangerous to go alone, since the Tatars could seize him and kill him at any time. We went in a group, and therefore very slowly. Then Zhilin and Kostylin decide to go forward alone. Zhilin was prudent and careful. After making sure that Kostylin's rifle was loaded, and he had a saber in the scabbard, Zhilin decided to see if the Tatars were visible when he climbed the mountain. Climbing higher, he noticed his enemies. The Tatars were very close, and therefore they saw Zhilin.

This brave officer thought that if he managed to reach the gun (which Kostylin had), the officers would be saved. He shouted to his comrade. But the cowardly Kostylin ran away, afraid for his own skin. He did a vile deed. In the way Zhilin and Kostylin met, one can see the mockery of fate over the latter. After all, both were captured in the end, and here they met again. The chief of the Muslim mountaineers said that it was necessary to pay a ransom of 5,000 rubles, and then they would be released. Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home with a request to get money. And Zhilin answered the highlanders that if they killed him, they would not get anything at all, and told them to wait. He sent his letter deliberately to a different address, since the officer felt sorry for his mother, who was seriously ill, and there was no such money in the family. In addition to his mother, Zhilin had no other relatives.

The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin can be supplemented by indicating how these heroes spent their time in captivity. Zhilin decided that he could and should escape. He dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for Dina, who brought food in return.

Kostylin was idle all day and slept at night. And now the time has come when the preparations for the escape were completed. The officers ran together. They severely rubbed their legs against the stones, and Zhilin had to carry the weakened Kostylin on himself. Because of this, they were captured. This time the officers were put in a pit, but Dina pulled out a stick and helped her friend escape. Kostylin was afraid to run again and stayed with the mountaineers. Zhilin managed to get to his own. Kostylin was redeemed only a month later.

As you can see, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy shows in his story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Zhilin's courage and courage and the weakness, cowardice and laziness of his comrade. Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin are opposite, but built on contrast. To better convey his thoughts, the author uses a number of techniques. Read on about them.

Analysis of the title of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"

It is interesting to analyze the very title of the story - "Prisoner of the Caucasus". Zhilin and Kostylin are two heroes, but the name is given in the singular. Tolstoy, perhaps, wanted to show that a true hero can only be the person who does not give up before the difficulties that have arisen, but actively acts. Passive people become a burden for others in life, not striving for anything and not developing in any way. The author shows, thus, that not everything in our life directly depends on the circumstances, and each person is the creator of his own destiny.

The names of the main characters

Pay attention also to the names of the heroes, which are not taken by the author by chance, which should also be noted when comparing the comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. Starting to read this work, we still do not know the characters of the main characters, but only find out their names. But immediately we get the feeling that Lev Nikolaevich is more sympathetic to Zhilin than to Kostylin. The latter, as we think, has a "limp" character, and Zhilin is a strong, "wiry" man with a strong character. Kostylin needs help from outsiders, he is indecisive, dependent. Further events confirm our guesses. The meaning of these rhyming surnames is completely different. So, Zhilin is described as a person of short stature, agile and strong. On the contrary, Kostylin is overweight, heavy on the rise, passive. Throughout the entire work, he only does what prevents his friend from realizing his plan.

Conclusion

Thus, these two characters are opposite, as evidenced by the description of Zhilin and Kostylin by the author. The main difference between these two officers is that one is a hard-working, active person who believes that you can find a way out of any situation, and the second is a coward, lazy, lazy. Zhilin managed to settle down in a hostile environment, which helped this officer to get out of captivity. Such a case would unsettle another person, but this officer is not like that. He did not go home after the end of the story, but remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin, barely alive, was released from captivity for a ransom. Tolstoy did not say what happened to him next. Probably, he did not even consider it necessary to mention the further fate of such a worthless person in his work "Prisoner of the Caucasus". Zhilin and Kostylin are different people, and therefore their fates are different, despite the same life circumstances. It is this idea that Leo Tolstoy wanted to convey to us.

Samuil Marshak noted that the work "Prisoner of the Caucasus" (Tolstoy) is the crown of all books for reading and said that in all world literature it is impossible to find a more perfect example of a story, a small story for children’s reading. The description of Zhilin and Kostylin, their characters helps the upbringing of the younger generation, the development of personality, as it shows how to behave in difficult situations. The fate of Zhilin and Kostylin is very instructive.

- the story of Tolstoy, who introduces us to a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. This happens during the Caucasian War. Reading the story, we get to know the two main characters - officers, whose comparative characteristics we were asked to do at home.

As we have already said, the main characters of the story are two officers of the Russian army, Zhilin and Kostylin. They have both common and distinctive human characteristics. Probably it should be said about their common features, which makes the characters similar. This is their common service in the Caucasus. Both of them are of noble origin, serve in the rank of officers, at the same time go on vacation and are simultaneously taken prisoner together. And then the reader sees how different they are, different not only in appearance, but also in behavior. One of them is a hero, and the other is a weak person, which causes only disgust. Let's dwell on the heroes of Zhilin and Kostylin in more detail.

Characteristic of Zhilin

Zhilin is a man that deserves respect. In spite of everything, he always remains human. Although Zhilin was small in stature, he was a daring man in everything. This is an officer whose courage and strength are immediately visible, while he never tried to appear as a hero. Even in difficult times, Zhilin thinks not about how to save his own skin, but about how to protect his mother from the news that he was captured. Zhilin is trying to find a way to solve the problem on his own. He organizes the escape, which because of Kostylin fails the first time. But this did not break the hero. Zhilin does not give up and finds salvation. This hero is strong in spirit and is respected even by enemies. Zhilin is bold and decisive and it is impossible not to admire this.

Kostylin's characteristic

But Kostylin is the exact opposite. Outwardly, this is an overweight, fat man, miserable and insignificant. Its very description is disliked. And when you get to know this hero of the story further, you begin to despise him altogether. Kostylin is an egoist by nature, it is important for him to save his own skin, so he immediately rushed to write to his relatives so that they would prepare a ransom for him. Kostylin is a vile person who does not know the concept of friendship and certainly cannot be called his hero.

Zhilin and Kostylin are the heroes of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" by L.N. Tolstoy. They are both Russian officers. They take part in the war for the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia. Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asks to come to her before her death, to say goodbye. The loving son, almost without thinking, set off on the road. However, it was impossible to go alone. We could have caught and killed the Tatars. We rode in a group, but very slowly. Zhilin and Kostylin decided to go ahead alone. Zhilin was careful and prudent. After making sure that Kostylin had a loaded gun and a saber in his scabbard, he decided to climb the mountain and see if the Tatars were coming. As soon as he climbed on a horse to the top, he saw those whom he did not want to see. Not far from him were the Tatars, who noticed the officer. Zhilin was brave and, thinking that if he reached the gun (Kostylin had it), they would be saved, shouted to Kostylin. But the cowardly officer was afraid for his life and ran away. by doing a vile deed. Both officers were taken prisoner, where they met. The chief of the Tatars said that a ransom must be paid in order to release them. (5000 rubles). Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home to send the money. And Zhilin said. that if they killed him, they would not get anything at all, ordered him to wait. He sent a letter to another address. He felt sorry for his seriously ill mother, but they didn’t have such money. More of Zhilin's relatives had no one. He thought. In captivity Zhilin dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for the girl Dina. The girl in return brought him cakes and milk. Lazy Kostylin did nothing all day, and slept at night. And then the day came. when everything was ready to escape, they fled with Kostylin. They rubbed their feet on the stones and had to carry the weak Kostylin on themselves, so they were caught. They were put in a big pit, but Dina brought a stick and helped Zhilin escape. This time Kostylin was afraid to run away. Zhilin managed to reach his friends. Kostylin was redeemed for 5,000 rubles only a month later. As a result, in Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Zhilin shows courage and bravery, and Kostylin - laziness, cowardice and weakness.