Unstressed vowels in suffixes. VIII

§ 17. -ik (-nick, -chik) and -ek . The first of them preserves the vowel in declension, and in the second it is fluent, for example: table - table, janitor - janitor, cup - cup, but: knife - knife, ravine - ravine, lamb - lamb.

§ eighteen. Distinguish between noun suffixes -ets- and -its- :

in masculine nouns it is written -ets- (with a fluent e ), For example: Komsomol - Komsomol member, European - European;

-its- , For example: cavalry, ladder;

-ets- , if the accent is after the suffix, and -its- , if the accent precedes the suffix, for example: coat, but: dress.

Neutral nouns also have the suffix -c- with a fluent e , which appears in the genus. pad. plural h, for example: saucer (saucer), tentacle (tentacles).

Note. From spellings of masculine nouns with a suffix -ets- spelling of words should be distinguished hare and month.

§ nineteen. Suffixes to be distinguished -echk- and -IC- . Suffix -echk- it is written:

a) in feminine and neuter nouns, which are formed from words that have a gender. pad. plural h. suffix -ek- with a fluent e , For example: babysitter(nanny – nurse), watering can(watering can – watering can), stove(stoves – stove), little window(window – window); also in masculine and feminine pet names, for example: Vanechka, Olechka, Anechka;

b) in neuter nouns formed from nouns in -me , For example: time is time, seed is seed.

Suffix -IC- written in feminine nouns formed from words with the suffix -its- , For example: ladder - ladder, button - button, scissors - scissors.

§ 20. Spelling must be distinguished -ink- and -enk- in nouns:

-ink- written in nouns formed from words in -ina , For example: thaw - thaw, well - well, straw - straw;

-enk- is written in feminine diminutive nouns formed from words with stems in -n- and having in the genus. pad. plural h. fluent e , For example: turret(tower – towers), song(song – songs), cherry(cherry – cherries), pine(pine – pines).

Is written -enk- also in feminine nouns denoting females, for example: beggar, French, Circassian, nun; the same way the word is spelled ladder.

Section 21. In affectionate nouns on -nka may be before n only about or e , For example: birch, liponka, babonka, Veronka, Lizonka, fox(but not "Lizanka", "Fox"), striped(but not "stripe"); Petenka, Olenka, Marfenka, Seryozhenka, Zoenka(but not "Petinka", "Zoinka"), darling, night; also hairs(but not "hairs").

However, in the words bunny, bunny, bunny spelled -inka (-inki) , and in nouns formed from words on -ynya , is written -ynka , For example: almswoman(from alms).

Section 22. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of diminutive (affectionate) nouns with suffixes -ear-, -yushk- and -yshk-, -ishk- and etc.:

in feminine nouns -ear (-ear) , For example: grandmother, mother, cow, Annushka, volushka;

in masculine nouns, animate names are written -ear (-ear) , For example: grandfather, father, nightingale, Vanyushka, Nikolushka;

in neuter nouns it is written -yshko , For example: feather, sun, glass, nest.

Certain masculine nouns are used with suffixes -yushek, -ushek, -eshek , For example: peg, sparrow and sparrow, bread(also bread), pebble and pebble, edge. Some neuter nouns are used with the suffix -yushk- , For example: goryushko, polyushko, seaweed.

In addition, masculine, neuter, and feminine nouns can use the suffix -ishk- (-ishka, -ishko) , introducing a diminutive-disparaging meaning, for example: fanfaronishka, sarishko, little dress, name, overcoat(cf. rogue, thief, yard, little coat). About discrimination - ishka and -ishko cm. § .

Section 23. It is necessary to distinguish nouns with the suffix -atay , inflected as masculine nouns, from nouns with a suffix -at- and ending th declensions like full adjectives, for example: intercessor - intercessor, intercessors, intercessors, but: counselor - counselor, counselors, counselors.

Section 24. From adjective suffix -ev- (soy, edge, key; cf. ruble) should distinguish the suffix -iv- (gracious, cf. lazy) with its derivatives -living- and -chiv- , For example: captious, arrogant, caring, talkative.

Section 25. In adjectives formed from nouns, the suffix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten -yan- (after hissing -en- ) if the accent is after the suffix, for example: earthen, herbal, tin, bone, oil, waxed, clothes, wood.

If the stress is before the suffix, then in some adjectives it is written -yan- (after hissing -en- ), in others – -enn- (which is set in dictionary order), for example: clay, leather, silver, wind(chicken pox, windmill), oily(oil paint) at cranberry, straw.

In adjectives formed with the suffix -n- from basics to -men- (them. fall. unit h. per -me ), is written -enn- , For example: temporary(time, time) fiery, tribal, seminal, stirrup. (As a noun, the form is also known in the literature stirrup.)

Section 26. In passive past participles, as well as in adjectives and nouns formed from these participles, the suffix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten -an(n)-, -yan(n)- -at (-yat) , and suffix -en(n)- if the corresponding verb ends in -et, -it , on the -ty (-ty) after consonants, -whose , For example: tied, knitted(participle), knitted(adj.), seen, wounded, wounded(participle), wounded(adj.), oiled, bred, shorn,infused, infused,shot(from shoot), shot dead(from shoot), hung(from hang, For example: a lot of clothes hung), hung(from hang, For example: the door is hung), mixed, mishmash(from interfere), mixed(from knead), winnowing, winnowing,dyed, dyed(the cloth), frozen(participle), ice cream(n.) felted(but: felt boots).

Passive participles from verbs equate and dub with prefixes ending in -enny : aligned("made equal") and aligned(“made even”), etc.; from torment, torment passive participles end, as well as from measure, torment, on the -enny : tormented, tormented(cf. measured, exhausted etc.).

Section 27. In present participles, suffixes are written:

1) -usch- (-yusch-) (act.), -eat- (strad.), if the verbs from which they are formed, – I conjugations (see §), for example: writing, wrestling, reading, reading;

2) -ash- (-ash-) (act.), -them- (suffering), if the verbs from which they are formed are II conjugations (see §), for example: meaning, breathing, seeing, standing, visible.

Note 1. Communion movable written with suffix -them- .

Note 2. From the verb glimpse the real participle is written shivering.

Section 28. Adjectives ending in -yny , are written in the short masculine form with e before n , For example: calm–calm, sultry–sultry, boisterous–buen, straight–straightforward. But from worthy short form - worthy (dignity), but the sacrament - honored, honored(from honor, according to § 26).

Section 29. Adjectives ending in unstressed -inskiy or -ensky , are grouped by spelling as follows:

1. Adjectives end in -inskiy :

a) if from the corresponding nouns the possessive adjective on -in , For example: sestrinsky(sister - cectrin), Marininsky(Maria - Mariin), And ninsky(Anna - Annin) Sa vvinsky(Savva - Savvin);

6) if they are formed from geographical names (inflected and indeclinable) ending in -and(s) , For example: gryazinsky(Mud), wash shchinskiy(Mytishchi), hi mkinsky(Khimki), Sochi(Sochi), then pkinsky(Fireboxes), ta lsinsky(Tulsa);

c) if they are formed from geographical names ending in -and I) , For example: zhi zdrinsky(Zhizdra), I am ltinsky(Yalta), oh khtinsky(Ohta), Ro nginsky(Ronga), balashi Khinsky(Balashikha), e lininsky(Yelnya).

Note. Some adjectives derived from nouns in -and I) , in accordance with a well-established tradition, preserve spelling with -ensky , For example: Presnensky(Presnya), Penza(Penza).

2. Adjectives end in -ensky , if they belong to other derivational types, for example: Groznensky(Grozny), city ​​of schensky(Fortification), Zarechensky(District), Frunzensky(Frunze), Kolomna(Kolomna), Pesochen(Sandbox), bitterer chensky(Potty). (In the last three examples, adjectives contain fluent e and suffix -sk- .)

§ thirty. In adjectives on -whose formed from nouns on -shka , before h spelled e in an unstressed position, for example: staru shech, kuku shech, cat, lie down she, turkey she; but formations on -achy with the striker a , For example: chi cat, chi frog, chi turkey.

§ 31. In collective numerals four, five etc., as well as in adjectives formed from them quaternary, quinary etc. before R spelled e .

§ 32. In suffixes of degrees of comparison in an unstressed position, it is always written e , For example: louder, older, beautiful more (beautiful), beautiful.

§ 33. In verbs ending in the indefinite form in -vat , is necessary for the correct spelling of an unstressed vowel before in distinguish between the following types:

1) verbs ending in the 1st person singular. hours on -th (-th) , and in indefinite form -ovate (-evate) , For example: talking–talk, talk–lead, burn–grieve;

2) verbs ending in the 1st person singular. hours for non-strike -I am, -I am , and in indefinite form on unstressed - to be, - to be , For example: deploy–unfold, twist–twist;

3) verbs ending in the 1st person singular. hours per stroke -vayu , and in indefinite form on the strike -vat ; in these verbs before in the same vowel is written as in the indefinite form of the corresponding verbs without a suffix -va- (i.e. immediately before -th ), For example: overcoming yu–overcome (overcome), drinking–drink down (wash down), freeze–freeze (freeze). This includes verbs ending in the 1st person with -Yu (without -va- ): force–I stop (stop), get–get (get).

Also, keep in mind the following verbs ending in -eva t- – -eva yu (with emphasis on -va - ): eclipsing yu–eclipse, get stuck–get stuck, intend–intend, overwhelm–overwhelm, prolong–prolong, corrupt–to corrupt, to exhort–exhort.

§ 34. In the suffixes of singular verbs on -anu t spelled a , For example: fuck, quilt, sadan.

In verbs colonize(cf. prick), bury(cf. cold), strip spelled about .

§ 35. In verbs that mean a change in a state, it is written -net , For example: to freeze, to stiffen, to stiffen, to numb, to stupefy, to numb; transitive verbs of this type end respectively in -enit , For example: freeze, bleed and etc.

§ 36. It is necessary to distinguish between intransitive verbs with a stem on -e , For example: to weaken, to weaken(become powerless, lose strength) to be disgusted, to be disgusted(to become shameful) get well, get well(become healthy), from their respective transitive verbs with stems in -and , For example: enervate, enervate(make someone powerless, deprive someone of power) weaken, loosen.

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Slides captions:

Synopsis of the Russian language lesson on the topic: “Suffixes - ets -, - ts - Combinations - ichk -, - echk -”

brother handsome singer wise man well done sister beauty clever singer girl? ? m. well. R.

Conclusion: In masculine nouns, the suffix - ets is written - In the names of feminine nouns, the suffix - ts - is written

Learn to apply the rule. Highlight the root If in a word after the root in an unstressed position you hear -its-, determine the gender of the noun. In masculine nouns, the suffix -ets is written - In the names of feminine nouns, the suffix -its - is written

old ... c, blue ... c, starling ... c, puddle ... c, fox ... c, chicken ... c, cold ... c, smart ... c, tiger ... c, bo ... c, eagle ... c, lion ... c, handsome ... c

sister - sister voditsa - water fox - fox button - button cheesecake - cheesecake daughter - daughter book - booklet cup-cup Watch the combinations - ichk -, - echk -

the combination - ichk - is written in words formed from the words on - ita sister - ichk sister a In other cases, the combination is written - echk Conclusion:

Write the words in two columns: in the first - with b at the end, in the second - without b landscape ?, drawing ?, help ?, speech ?, lily of the valley ?, thing ?, bream ?, watchman ? ?, night?, midnight?, daughter?, pencil?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Russian language lesson in grade 2 topic: "Combinations of CHK-CHN"

“Consonant sound (h *). Lowercase letter h. Spelling combinations CHA, CHU.

Lesson according to the program "School 2100", integrated, using the activity method, collective and group work. ...

"Spelling of suffixes -EC- and -IC- and combinations -EC- and -ICHK-

Presentation in the Notebook program for the SMART interactive whiteboard of the Russian language lesson in the 3rd grade under the program "Primary School of the XXI Century". The song "Along the Blizzard Street" was attached to the last page ...

Target: familiarization with the spelling of suffixes -ets, -its, combinations - echk, -echk.

• to form the ability to write suffixes of nouns;
• to consolidate the ability to parse words by composition;
• develop spelling vigilance, logic;
• develop communication skills.

Equipment and literature:

1. Textbook "Russian language". Ivanov S.V. Grade 3 (1-4), M.-“Ventana-Count”, 2008
2. Workbook number 2. “We write competently.” Kuznetsova M.I. Grade 3 (1-4), M.-“Ventana-Count”, 2008
3. Demo table.
4. Demonstration cards with words.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Motivation for the success of the activity.

II. Calligraphic minute.

III. Learning new material.

What are we writing now? (Suffixes -its, -ets)

What is a suffix?

Today in the lesson we have to find out when a suffix is ​​​​written in words in an unstressed position -ets, and when -its.

1. Read the words on the board: puddle, old man, beauty, button, brother, frost.

Divide the words into two columns, the first - feminine nouns, the second - masculine nouns.

puddle old man

beautiful brother

frost button

Look carefully at the words and draw a conclusion.

In masculine nouns, the suffix is ​​written -ets, in feminine nouns the suffix is ​​written -its.

2. Work with the textbook.

Read the rule on page 24.

When a suffix is ​​written in nouns -ets, and when -its?

Reading the algorithm. (Learn to apply the rule)

How will we apply this rule?

IV. Consolidation.

1. "Ladder".

Go down the stairs, inserting the missing letters.

2. Work in the notebook "We write competently." (Page 5, exercise 1)

Add a suffix -ets, or -its. Remember that after the suffix -its you have to write the ending -a.

brother ____ smart ____ young ____

wise ___ singer ______ brave _____

handsome__ sing_____ fox_______

handsome__ sisters____ lizard______

V. Physical minutes.

VI. Introduction to spelling combinations - echk, -echk.

1. Compare pairs of words.

sister - sister

vodka - vodka

fox - fox

button - button

cheesecake - cheesecake

daughter - daughter

booklet - booklet

cup - cup

What did you manage to notice?

Combination -IC written in words formed from words in -itsa. In other cases, the combination is written -echk.

2. Reading the rule. (p.25)

When a combination is written in words -IC, and when -echk?

What is the meaning of suffixes -echk,-IC? (Diminutive)

3. Reading the algorithm. (Learn to apply the rule)

VII. Consolidation.

1. Work in the notebook “We write competently”. (p.5, ex.2)

Insert missing words.

book _ chka kosh _ chka bukash _ chka

pugov _ chka blue _ chka nyan _ chka

sisters _ chka fox _ chka single _ chka

cup _ cup of cheese _ cup of countries _ cup

2. Deformed sentence: built, sand, small, from, Van_chka, castle.

VIII. Reflection.

What new did you learn at the lesson today?

How did you feel at the lesson, choose the right figure?

Brother handsome singer well done sage sister krasavina pevina devin umnina Learning to write suffixes - ets - and - itz - and combinations - ichk - and - echk -. In masculine nouns, the suffix - ets - is written: well done, handsome. In the names of feminine nouns, the suffix - itz - is written: devina, beauty.

Read the words. Arrange the words in two columns: 1) words with the suffix - ets -; 2) words with the suffix -its-. puddles on, fox. na, chickens na, cold. c, smart na, tiger. na, bo. c, eagle. na, lion. na, handsome. c, square. c. - ets - - itz - jelly fighter handsome man square puddle fox chicken umnina tigrin orleina lion

Spelling a combination of letters How are words written in which a combination is heard (ich k)? Watch and compare. Sister - sister Vodina - water Lisina - fox Button - button Cheesecake - cheesecake Daughter - daughter Book - little book Cup - cup What did you manage to notice? The combination - ichk - is written in words formed from the words na - ina -. sister - sister In other cases, the combination is written - echk -.