Report on the local nobility eugene onegin. Metropolitan and local nobility in the novel by A.S.

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In the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin outlined with light strokes the nobility - the people in whose company Eugene Onegin moved, and with whom, in addition to the main characters, he had to maintain relations and communicate. The metropolitan nobility was strikingly different from the provincial landowners who lived in the outback. This gap was all the more noticeable the less often the landowners went to the capital. Interests, level of culture, education of those and others often found themselves at different stages.

The images of the landowners and the nobility of high society were only partly fictitious. Pushkin himself revolved in their midst, and most of the paintings depicted in the work were spied on at social events, balls, dinners. The poet communicated with the provincial society during his forced exile in Mikhailovsky and during his stay in Boldino. Therefore, the life of the nobility, in the countryside, in Moscow and St. Petersburg, is portrayed to the poets with knowledge of the matter.

Provincial landed nobility

Along with the Larin family, other landowners lived in the province. The reader meets most of them at the name day. But some strokes-sketches for the portraits of the landlord neighbors can be seen in the second chapter, when Onegin settled in the village. Simple in their spiritual disposition, even somewhat primitive people tried to make friends with a new neighbor, but as soon as he saw an approaching droshky, he mounted a horse and left the back porch so as not to be noticed. The maneuver of the newly-born landowner was noticed, and the neighbors, offended in their best intentions, stopped their attempts to make friends with Onegin. Pushkin interestingly describes the reaction to the replacement of corvee by quitrent:

But he sulked in his corner,
Seeing this terrible harm,
His calculating neighbor;
Another smiled slyly
And in a voice they all decided so,
That he is the most dangerous eccentric.

The attitude of the nobles towards Onegin became hostile. Sharp-tongued gossips began to talk about him:

“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;
He's a freemason; he drinks one
A glass of red wine;
He does not fit the ladies to the handle;
Everything Yes Yes No; won't tell yes, with
Ile no with". That was the general voice.

Invented stories can show the level of intelligence and education of people. And since he left much to be desired, Lensky was also not happy with his neighbors, although out of politeness he paid them visits. Though

Gentlemen of neighboring villages
He didn't like feasts;

Some landowners, whose daughters were growing up, dreamed of getting a "rich neighbor" as their son-in-law. And since Lensky did not seek to get into someone's skillfully placed nets, he also began to visit his neighbors less and less:

He ran their noisy conversations.
Their conversation is prudent
About haymaking, about wine,
About the kennel, about his relatives.

In addition, Lensky was in love with Olga Larina and spent almost all of his evenings with their family.

Almost all the neighbors came to Tatiana's name day:

With his burly wife
Fat Trifles arrived;
Gvozdin, excellent master,
Owner of beggar men;

Here Pushkin is clearly being ironic. But, unfortunately, there were quite a few of the landowners like Gvozdins who ripped off their peasants like sticky.

Skotinins, a gray-haired couple,
With children of all ages, counting
Thirty to two years old;
County frantik Petushkov,
My cousin brother, Buyanov,
In fluff, in a cap with a visor
(As you, of course, know him),
And a retired adviser Flyanov,
Heavy gossip, old rogue
Glutton, bribe-taker and jester.

XXVII

With the family of Panfil Kharlikov
Monsieur Triquet also arrived,
Wit, recently from Tambov,
With glasses and a red wig.

Pushkin does not need to spend long stanzas describing the landlord guests. The names spoke for themselves.

The celebration was attended not only by landowners representing several generations. The older generation was represented by the Skotinins, a gray-haired couple, they were clearly over 50, a retired adviser to the Flyanovs, he was also well over 40. Each family had children who made up the younger generation who were happy with the regimental orchestra and dances.

The provincial nobility tries to imitate the capital by organizing balls and parties, but here everything is much more modest. Whereas in St. Petersburg, dishes prepared by French chefs from overseas products are offered, in the provinces, their own supplies are put on the table. The salted, fatty pie was prepared by the courtyard chefs, and the liqueurs and liqueurs were made from berries and fruits harvested in their own garden.

In the next chapter, which describes the preparation for a duel, the reader will meet another landowner

Zaretsky, once a brawler,
Ataman of the card gang,
The head of the rake, the tavern tribune,
Now kind and simple
The father of the family is single,
Reliable friend, peaceful landowner
And even an honest man.

This is him, Onegin is afraid, and did not dare to offer Lensky reconciliation. He knew that Zaretsky could

Friends quarrel young
And put them on the barrier,
Or make them reconcile,
To have breakfast for three
And after secretly dishonor
A funny joke, a lie.

Moscow noble society

Tatiana did not come to Moscow by accident. She came with her mother to the bride fair. Close relatives of the Larins lived in Moscow, and Tatyana and her mother stayed with them. In Moscow, Tatiana came close to the noble society, which was more archaic and frozen than in St. Petersburg or the provinces.

In Moscow, Tanya was greeted by her relatives warmly and sincerely. The old women scattered in their memories, the “young graces of Moscow”, having looked closely at their new relative and friend, found a common language with her, shared the secrets of beauty and fashion, talked about their heartfelt victories and tried to extort her secrets from Tatyana. But

the secret of your heart,
A treasured treasure of tears and happiness,
Keeps silent in the meantime
And it is not shared with anyone.

Guests came to the mansion of Alina's aunt. To avoid looking overly distracted or arrogant,

Tatiana wants to listen
In conversations, in general conversation;
But everyone in the living room is occupied
Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense;
Everything about them is so pale, indifferent;
They slander even boringly.

All this was not interesting to the romantically inclined girl, who, deep down, might have expected some kind of miracle. She often stood somewhere on the sidelines, and only

Archival youths in a crowd
They look primly at Tanya
And about her among themselves
They speak unfavorably.

Of course, such "archival youths" could not interest the young lady. Here Pushkin used the old Slavonic form of the adjective to emphasize the belonging of the "youths" to the "past century." At the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, late marriages were not uncommon. Men were forced to serve in order to make a certain fortune, and only then got married. But they chose young girls as brides. So, age-unequal marriages were not uncommon at that time. They looked down on the provincial young lady.

Together with her mother or cousins, Tatyana attended theaters, she was taken to Moscow balls.

There is tightness, excitement, heat,
Music roar, candles shine,
A flicker, a whirlwind of fast steam,
Beauties light hats,
Choirs dazzling with people,
Brides are a vast semicircle,
All the senses are suddenly struck.
Here the dandies seem to be
Your insolence, your vest
And an inattentive lorgnette.
Hussars are here for vacation
They are in a hurry to appear, to thunder,
Shine, captivate and fly away.

At one of the balls, her future husband drew attention to Tatyana.

Nobles of Petersburg

In the first part of the poetic novel, the secular society of St. Petersburg was described with light sketches, a look from the side. Pushkin writes about Onegin's father that

Serving perfectly nobly,
His father lived in debt,
Gave three balls annually
And he skipped at last.

Not only Onegin Sr. lived in this way. For many nobles, this was the norm. Another touch of the secular society of St. Petersburg:

Here is my Onegin at large;
Cut in the latest fashion
How dandy London dressed -
And finally I saw the light.
He is in French perfectly
I could express myself and write;
Easily danced the mazurka
And bowed at ease;
What is more to you? The light decided
That he is smart and very nice.

By description, Pushkin shows what interests and worldviews the aristocratic youth have.

No one is embarrassed that the young man does not serve anywhere. If a noble family has estates and serfs, then why serve? In the eyes of some mothers, perhaps Onegin was a good match for their daughters to marry. This is one of the reasons why the world welcomes and invites young people to balls and dinners.

Sometimes he was still in bed:
They carry notes to him.
What? Invitations? Indeed,
Three houses for the evening are called:
There will be a ball, there will be a children's party.

But Onegin, as you know, did not seek to tie the knot. Although he was a connoisseur of the "science of tender passion."

Pushkin describes the ball to which Onegin arrived. This description also serves as an outline for the characterization of St. Petersburg mores. At such balls, young people met, fell in love

I was crazy about balls:
Rather, there is no room for confessions
And for the delivery of the letter.
O you, honorable spouses!
I will offer you my services;
Please note my speech:
I want to warn you.
You too, mamas, are stricter
Follow your daughters:
Keep your lorgnette straight!

At the end of the novel, the St. Petersburg secular society is no longer as impersonal as at the beginning.

Through a tight line of aristocrats
Military dandies, diplomats
And of proud ladies she slips;
She sat down quietly and looked,
Admiring the noisy cramped
Flashing dresses and speeches
The phenomenon of slow guests
Before the young mistress ...

The author introduces the reader to Nina Voronskaya, a dazzling beauty. Pushkin gives a detailed portrait of the secular society of the capital in the description of the dinner at Tatiana's house. Here gathered, as they said, all the cream of society. Describing the people present at the dinner, Pushkin shows how high Tatyana rose up the hierarchical ladder, having married a prince, a military officer and veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812.

the color of the capital,
And know, and fashion samples,
Faces we meet everywhere
Necessary fools;
There were elderly ladies
In caps and roses, seemingly evil;
There were several girls here
Not smiling faces;
There was a messenger who spoke
On public affairs;
There was fragrant gray hair
The old man who joked in the old way:
Superbly subtle and clever
Which is somewhat ridiculous these days.

Here I was greedy for epigrams,
An angry gentleman at everything:

But, along with representatives of the high society, several random persons who came here for various reasons were present at the dinner.

There was Prolasov, who deserved
Famous for the baseness of the soul,
Blunt in all albums,
St.-Priest, your pencils;
At the door another dictator ballroom
Was a magazine picture,
Blush, like a cherub of the palm,
Tightened, dumb and immovable,
And a stray traveler,
Over-starched impudent.

The noble status made very high demands on its representatives. And in Russia there were many truly worthy nobles. But in the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin shows along with splendor and luxury, vices, emptiness and vulgarity. The propensity to spend, life is beyond our means, and the desire to imitate, unwillingness to serve and benefit society, the impracticality and carelessness of a secular society are fully shown in the novel. These lines were intended to make readers, most of whom represented this very nobility, think, to reconsider their way of life. It is not surprising that Eugene Onegin was received ambiguously by the reading public, and not always favorably.

Metropolitan and local nobility in the novel by Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Approximate text of the essay

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin unfolds with remarkable completeness the pictures of Russian life in the first quarter of the 19th century. Before the reader's eyes, a vivid, moving panorama passes haughty luxurious Petersburg, ancient Moscow dear to the heart of every Russian person, cozy country estates, nature, beautiful in its variability. Against this background, Pushkin's heroes love, suffer, become disillusioned, and perish. Both the environment that gave birth to them, and the atmosphere in which they live, found a deep and complete reflection in the novel.

In the first chapter of the novel, introducing the reader to his hero, Pushkin describes in detail his usual day, filled to the limit with visits to restaurants, theaters and balls. The life of other young St. Petersburg aristocrats is also "monotonous and variegated", all whose worries consisted in the search for new, not yet boring entertainment. The desire for change forces Eugene to leave for the village, then, after the murder of Lensky, he sets off on a journey, from which he returns to the familiar atmosphere of St. Petersburg salons. Here he meets with Tatyana, who has become an "indifferent princess", the mistress of an exquisite drawing room, where the highest nobility of St. Petersburg gathers.

Here you can meet both the pro-lass, "who have earned fame for the meanness of their souls," and "overstarchy impudent", and "dictators of the ballroom", and elderly ladies "in caps and roses, seemingly evil", and "girls who do not smile faces." These are typical regulars of Petersburg salons, in which arrogance, stiffness, coldness and boredom reign. These people live by the strict rules of decent hypocrisy, playing some role. Their faces, like living feelings, are hidden by an impassive mask. This gives rise to emptiness of thoughts, coldness of hearts, envy, gossip, anger. Therefore, such bitterness is heard in the words of Tatiana, addressed to Eugene:

And to me, Onegin, this splendor,

Tinsel of hateful life,

My progress in a whirlwind of light

My fashion house and evenings

What's in them? Now I'm glad to give

All this rags of masquerade

All this shine and noise and fumes

For a shelf of books, for a wild garden,

For our poor home ...

The same idleness, emptiness and monotony fill the Moscow salons where the Larins stay. Pushkin paints a collective portrait of the Moscow nobility in bright satirical colors:

But there is no change in them,

Everything in them is on the old sample:

Aunt Princess Helena

The same tulle cap;

Everything is whitewashed Lukerya Lvovna,

All the same lies Lyubov Petrovna,

Ivan Petrovich is just as stupid

Semyon Petrovich is just as stingy ...

In this description, attention is drawn to the persistent repetition of small household details, their invariability. And this creates a feeling of stagnation in life, which has stopped in its development. Naturally, empty, meaningless conversations are being conducted here, which Tatyana cannot understand with her sensitive soul.

Tatiana wants to listen

In conversations, in general conversation;

But everyone in the living room is occupied

Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense

Everything about them is so pale, indifferent;

They slander even boringly ...

In the noisy Moscow light, noteworthy dandies, vacation hussars, archival youths, and smug cousins set the tone. In a whirlwind of music and dances, a vain life, devoid of any inner content, rushes by.

They kept a peaceful life

The habits of cute old times;

They have a greasy carnival

There were Russian pancakes;

They used to fast twice a year,

Loved the Russian swing

Songs, round dance ...

The author's sympathy is evoked by the simplicity and naturalness of their behavior, closeness to folk customs, cordiality and hospitality. But Pushkin does not at all idealize the patriarchal world of rural landowners. On the contrary, it is for this circle that the terrifying primitiveness of interests becomes a defining feature, which manifests itself in ordinary topics of conversation, in studies, and in an absolutely empty and aimlessly lived life. What, for example, does Tatyana's late father remember? Only by the fact that he was a simple and kind fellow, "" he ate and drank in a dressing gown, "and" died at an hour before dinner. "The life of Uncle Onegin, who" for forty years cursed with the housekeeper, looked out the window and crushed flies, goes on in a similar way. ". To these good-natured lazy people, Pushkin opposes the energetic and economic mother of Tatiana. Several stanzas fit her entire spiritual biography, consisting in a rather quick degeneration of a cutesy sentimental young lady into a real sovereign landowner, whose portrait we see in the novel.

She went to work,

Salted mushrooms for the winter,

She spent expenses, shaved her foreheads,

I went to the bathhouse on Saturdays,

I beat the maids with anger -

All this without asking her husband.

With his burly wife

Fat Pidyakov has arrived;

Gvozdin, excellent master,

Owner of beggar men ...

These heroes are so primitive that they do not require detailed characteristics, which may even consist of one surname. The interests of these people are limited to eating food and talking "about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives." Why does Tatyana strive from luxurious Petersburg to this meager, wretched world? Probably because he is accustomed to her, here you can not hide your feelings, not play the role of a magnificent secular princess. Here you can immerse yourself in the familiar world of books and wonderful rural nature. But Tatiana remains in the light, perfectly seeing its emptiness. Onegin is also unable to break with society without accepting it. The unhappy fates of the heroes of the novel are the result of their conflict with both the capital and the provincial society, which, however, engenders in their souls obedience to the opinion of the world, thanks to which friends shoot in a duel, and people who love each other part.

This means that a broad and complete depiction of all groups of the nobility in the novel plays an important role in motivating the actions of the heroes, their destinies, and introduces the reader to the circle of topical social and moral problems of the 20s of the 19th century.

Composition

And to me, Onegin, this splendor,
Tinsel of hateful life,
My progress in a whirlwind of light
My fashion house and evenings
What's in them? Now I'm glad to give
All this rags of masquerade
All this shine and noise and fumes
For a shelf of books, for a wild garden,
For our poor home ...

The same idleness, emptiness and monotony fill the Moscow salons where the Larins stay. Pushkin paints a collective portrait of the Moscow nobility in bright satirical colors:

But there is no change in them,
Everything in them is on the old sample:
Aunt Princess Helena
The same tulle cap;
Everything is whitewashed Lukerya Lvovna,
All the same lies Lyubov Petrovna,
Ivan Petrovich is just as stupid
Semyon Petrovich is just as stingy ...

Tatiana wants to listen
In conversations, in general conversation;
But everyone in the living room is occupied
Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense
Everything about them is so pale, indifferent;
They slander even boringly ...

They kept a peaceful life
The habits of cute old times;
They have a greasy carnival
There were Russian pancakes;
They used to fast twice a year,
Loved the Russian swing
Songs, round dance are subservient ... The author's sympathy is caused by the simplicity and naturalness of their behavior, closeness to folk customs, cordiality and hospitality. But Pushkin does not at all idealize the patriarchal world of rural landowners. On the contrary, it is for this circle that the terrifying primitiveness of interests becomes a defining feature, which manifests itself in ordinary topics of conversation, in studies, and in an absolutely empty and aimlessly lived life. What, for example, does Tatyana's late father remember? Only by the fact that he was a simple and kind fellow, "" he ate and drank in a dressing gown, "and" died at an hour before dinner. "The life of Uncle Onegin, who" for forty years cursed with the housekeeper, looked out the window and crushed flies, goes on in a similar way. ". To these good-natured lazy people, Pushkin opposes the energetic and economical mother of Tatiana. A few stanzas fit her entire spiritual biography, consisting in a rather rapid degeneration of a cutesy sentimental young lady into a real sovereign landowner, whose portrait we see in the novel.

She went to work,
Salted mushrooms for the winter,
She spent expenses, shaved her foreheads,
I went to the bathhouse on Saturdays,
I beat the maids with anger -
All this without asking her husband.

With his burly wife
Fat Trifles arrived;
Gvozdin, excellent master,
Owner of beggar men ...

Onegin and the metropolitan noble society. One day in the life of Onegin.

Lesson objectives:

1. to deepen the understanding of students about the novel, about the era depicted in it;

2. to determine how Pushkin relates to the nobility;

3. improve the skills of analyzing a literary text;

4. to develop oral speech, the ability to highlight the main thing, to compare;

Interdisciplinary connections: history, art.

During the classes

Organizational moment

2. Repetition of previously studied material.

Before we start working on the topic of the lesson, let's split into 2 groups. The student's pass for the lesson is the correct answer to the blitz survey.

Find out which of the heroes the author's words belong to: Onegin or Lensky?

"Having lived without a goal, without work until the age of 26 ..."

"He was an ignorant dear at heart ..."

"It is foolish for me to interfere with his momentary bliss ..."

"He brought fruits of scholarship from foggy Germany ..."

"Being considered disabled in love ..."

“Kant's admirer and poet ...

"In short, the Russian blues took possession of him little by little ..."

"And black curls up to the shoulders ..."

"But hard work he was sick of ..."

"He shared her fun ..."

3. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson

Teacher's word:

Yes, the great Russian critic V.G. It was not by chance that Belinsky named the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" "the encyclopedia of Russian life." The novel can be used to judge the era, to study the life of Russia in the 10-20s of the 19th century. So, the topic of our lesson: "The nobility in the novel by A. Pushkin" Eugene Onegin. "

Student message "History of the Noble Class"

The images of the nobles occupy a central place in the novel "Eugene Onegin". Our main characters are representatives of the nobility. Pushkin faithfully depicts the environment in which the heroes live.

3. Work on the topic of the lesson (analysis of the novel)

Teacher's word:

Pushkin described one day of Onegin, but in it he was able to summarize the whole life of the St. Petersburg nobility. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society, in life.

So, Petersburg life is hasty, bright and colorful, full of events.

At balls, dramas of passions, intrigues were played out, deals were made, careers were arranged.

Assignment to the class.

1. How are Onegin's uncle and Tatyana's father represented? What traits of their character does Pushkin highlight?

(good-natured lazy people, rural livelihoods;

the squalor of spiritual interests is characteristic; Larin was

"Good fellow", he did not read books, entrusted the economy to his wife. Uncle Onegin "scolded with the housekeeper, crushed the flies")

Tell the story of Praskovya Larina's life.

How do heroes differ from Onegin?

4. The word of the teacher.

The subtopic of our lesson is "One day in the life of Onegin."

Let's set our goals for us:

We must expressively read Chapter I and comment on it;

Determine the place of the chapter in the composition of the novel;

We will work on the image of Eugene Onegin, observe the life of the noble intelligentsia;

We will work thoughtfully, collected; to be able to make a plan in a notebook by the end of the lesson and answerproblematic question:

"But was my Eugene happy?"

(Episode from the life of a hero: Onegin goes to the village to his dying uncle)

What is striking in the character of the language in the first lines of the novel?

(unusual simplicity of narration, "conversational tone", ease of narration, one can feel a good joke, irony).

4.- As we work with the text, composemental map :

Onegin Day

Walking the boulevards (watchful breguet)

Ball (noise, din)

Lunch at a restaurant (dishes of foreign cuisine)

Theater visit Return (double lorgnette)

5.Work in groups (The class is divided into 3 groups, each receives a task to search for information in the text)

Aimless walks along the boulevards .
The boulevard in the 19th century was located on Nevsky Prospekt. Before

14.00 - it was a place for a morning walk of people

vet society.

Lunch at a restaurant.
The description of the lunch underlines the list of dishes entirely

non-Russian cuisine. Pushkin makes fun of the French

names-addictions to everything foreign

Output: These verses reflect typical aspects of life.

Petersburg secular youth.

3. Visit to the theater.

Who remembers what Pushkin preferred in

period of Petersburg life? (theater frequenter, connoisseur

and a connoisseur of acting).

What does the poet say about theater and actors? (gives

characteristics of theatrical repertoire)

How does Pushkin sing the ballet?(in the imagination of readers live pictures appear. The theater was located on Teatralnaya Square, on the site of the present Conservatory. The performance is at 17.00).

How does Onegin behave in the theater?(casually looks around, bows to men, double lorgnette points at unfamiliar ladies).

Output: For the first time in the lines about Onegin, his weariness from life, his dissatisfaction with it is mentioned).
Vii. Commented reading beyond Chapter I.

1. Returning home.
- Let's read the description of Onegin's office?

What kind of things come across here? (amber, bronze, porcelain, perfume in faceted crystal, combs, nail files, etc.)

Like a list of dishes in a restaurant, Pushkin recreates the atmosphere of the life of a young man of the St. Petersburg world.
2. Onegin goes to the ball.

When does Onegin return home? ("Already ... the drum is awakened" - these are the signals at 6.00 am wake up soldiers in the barracks)
- The working day of the big city begins. And the day of Eugene Onegin has just come to an end.

- "And tomorrow again, like yesterday" ... This stanza summarizes a number of past pictures, indicating that the past day was an ordinary day of Onegin.
- The author asks the question: "But was my Eugene happy?"

And what happens to Onegin? (blues, dissatisfaction with life,

boredom, monotony is disappointing).

What did the hero try to occupy himself with? (began to read, tried to take up the pen,

but this increased the disappointment, caused a skeptical attitude towards everything)

Who is to blame that Onegin has become like that, is not able to do anything, is not busy with anything?

VIII. Lesson summary .
- What did we learn about the hero from Chapter I? (We learned about the origin, upbringing, education and lifestyle of the hero).
- We found out what environment surrounds him and forms his views and tastes. Not only the individual hero is depicted, but the typical character of the era, this is the realism of the novel.
- The nature of Chapter I allows us to say that we have an exposition (introduction) of the novel. Ahead, obviously, there will be events, life collisions, and in them the hero's personality will be revealed more fully, on a larger scale.

IX. Homework.

1. Expressive reading of Chapter II.

2. Make bookmarks in the text: the life of the Larins, the portrait of Olga, the image of Lensky.

Roman A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" was created over seven years. The poet worked hard on it like no other work. Sometimes he called his scattered drafts of the novel in verse "notebooks", emphasizing the naturalism, realism of the sketches, which served Pushkin as a kind of notebook, where he marked the features of the life of the society in which he moved.

V.G. Belinsky, despite the poverty of his critical article on "Eugene Onegin", belongs to the famous expression. He calls the novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And even though the critic's further reflections are not characterized by logic and thoughtfulness, the aforementioned statement most accurately indicates the vastness and, no doubt, the epoch-making of the work.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is called by literary critics the first realistic novel in the history of Russian literature. Pushkin also belongs to the creation of a new type of character - the so-called "hero of the time." Later he would show himself in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov, and in the notes of I.S. Turgenev, and even F.M. Dostoevsky. The poet set himself the task of describing a person as he is, with all the vices and virtues. The main idea of the novel is the need to show the confrontation between Western, European, civilization and the primordially Russian, highly spiritual. This confrontation was reflected in the images of different types of nobility - the metropolitan, of which Yevgeny Onegin is precisely the representative, and the provincial, to whom Tatyana Larina belongs to the “sweet ideal”.

So, the European nobility, the metropolitan, does not evoke much sympathy from the author of the work. He very ironically describes the order and manners of high society, emphasizing its emptiness, covered with ostentatious splendor. So, the nobles of the capital live, spending time at balls, dinner parties, for walks. However, these amusements follow the same scenario day after day, so even Eugene often languishes in society.

The main values are European traditions, fashion, etiquette, the ability to behave in society. The most talented and educated people actually turn out to be empty, "superficial". The same Onegin studied with a French woman, and after he was given to be raised by a "wretched Frenchman" who "taught young Eugene everything in jest." This led to the fact that the hero knew a little from everywhere, but in no science was he a master, a professional. About Lensky, another representative of the capital's nobility, Pushkin writes modestly, making it clear that in Europe he received an equally superficial education, and with him from Germany he brought only "freedom-loving dreams" and "black curls up to his shoulders."

Like Onegin, Vladimir Lensky, a young idealist, was burdened by a secular society, but at the same time, both heroes were unable to sever ties with him. So, for example, both of them, having cooled down, dream of forgetting about the duel, but at the same time neither of them finds the strength to cancel the fight, since this contradicts the secular notions of honor and dignity. The price of this selfish desire not to lose face is Lensky's death.

The provincial nobility is portrayed by Pushkin in a much more favorable light. Rural landowners live a completely different life: they still have a connection with the Russian people, Russian tradition, culture, and spirituality. That is why Tatyana likes listening to her nanny's stories so much; Larina likes folk legends, she is religious and devout.

A different life reigns in the village, calmer and simpler, not spoiled by the pomp of light. Despite this, the provincial nobles do their best to match the capital: they throw feasts as rich as possible. The guests at the party amuse themselves with a game of whist and Boston, as do the residents of the capital, since they have no worthwhile occupation. "Young ladies" Olga and Tatiana speak French, as is customary in high society. This feature was touchingly noted by Pushkin in the scene when Larina writes a love letter to Onegin: “So,” says the author. “I wrote in French.” "Sweet Ideal" enthusiastically reads French romance novels, which replace everything for her, and Olga adores her album, in which she asks Lensky to write down poetry for her. Such a desire to resemble the capital's nobles does not evoke a positive response from the poet.

But the adherence to traditions, the high spirituality of the provincial nobles are so attractive to A.S. Pushkin. They are sincere, kind and honest people, incapable of deception and betrayal, which reigns in the world of high society. The poet, as a true Christian, wants to see the Russian people precisely Russian, Orthodox, pious, who have rejected the imposed European values. The same idea of preserving "Russianness" will be continued by other titans of Russian literature of the "golden age", for example, L.N. Tolstoy or F.M. Dostoevsky.

Provincial landed nobility

XXVII

Moscow noble society

Nobles of Petersburg

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