Geometric woodcarving photos drawings and sketches. Geometric wood carving - development history

Having barely learned to hold objects in his hands, the little man shows a craving for creativity. Over time, he will have the opportunity to try himself in various types of skills: needlework, modeling, origami, wood carving, drawing. Of course, certain skills that the child received in early childhood will be useful for this. Sometimes a simple hobby gradually turns into a hobby, and then becomes a matter of life. So many centuries ago in Russia, one of the main types of creativity was woodcarving. And in the 21st century, it still arouses genuine interest among people.

Popular types of intricate art

For a long time, people have decorated their homes with wooden carvings. All sorts of paintings, kitchen utensils, religious objects, children's toys were considered valuable things for any family. Perhaps that is why various types of woodcarving appeared. The most popular options are:

• geometric;
• flat notched;
• slotted;
• sculptural;
• embossed;
• openwork;
• invoice.

Fortunately, the list does not end there, because this type of creativity is widespread throughout our vast country. Let's consider just a few of them.

Geometric wood carving involves the use of various figures in the work. These are triangles, circles, squares and polyhedra. It is used for the manufacture of furniture elements, household utensils, as well as wall crafts. The oldest type of such a carving is a trihedral-notched carving. This is one of the simplest methods, since it is performed with only one tool - a joint knife. For such woodcarving, you will need a simple set of items:

• lime board;
• special knife-jamb;
• ruler;
• pencil.

First, sketches of geometric shapes or a finished ornament are applied to the board. It is better for novice amateurs not to use complex drawings so that the work turns out to be flawless. For the first work, material from deciduous trees is suitable, since it is more convenient to draw straight lines on it with a sharp knife.

The wooden surface should be as smooth as possible. This is achieved by planing the board. However, it does not need to be sanded with sandpaper. Otherwise, the thread will not turn out clear and accurate, and the tool will quickly become dull.

The flat-pitted method is used to cut out recesses of various sizes and shapes on a plane. It can be oval contours and all kinds of bulges.

The slotted type of thread is also considered quite simple. It is done with a jigsaw. A sketch of any figure applied to a wooden plane is cut out along the contour. As a result, cute crafts come out. A slotted carving is used for the manufacture of background objects through which other planes are visible. It is often called openwork carving, and it is used to decorate furniture in the Baroque style. It can also be elements of cupboards, window casings, doors, and sometimes decorative screens. If crafts are attached to a special base, then this type of thread is considered to be overhead.

The process of working with a slotted method begins with a sketch, which is applied to a pre-polished workpiece. It is transferred to the surface using a special template or transparent white paper. Then holes are made on the contours and cut out on the desktop using a thin jigsaw file.

Relief carving includes two main methods: flat and deaf. In addition, the deaf option implies a low or convex relief. The bottom line is that the pattern is formed due to the main background of the surface.

The flat-relief method is performed in such a way that the pattern and the background surrounding it are made at the same depth over the entire area of ​​​​the base. Blind carving is characterized by a convex pattern that does not have a flat outline. Such products are valued for their high decorativeness and richness of composition. After all, a kind of miniature landscape is created on the plane with hills, depressions and depressions. To create such masterpieces, masters use elements of almost all types of woodcarving. Therefore, beginners should master each method separately in order to apply skills with more.

First steps towards mastery

History shows that wood was traditionally used to decorate a living space. Nowadays, various photographs, drawings and sketches of woodcarving are exhibited in local history museums or printed publications. This suggests that smart people who are willing to learn are able to master this art form. Wood is a wonderful natural material from which you can create decorative compositions, paintings, furniture elements and kitchen utensils. Having mastered the basics of ancient art, some have become true masters of woodcarving, devoting their whole lives to this.

Folk wisdom says: "Dashing trouble - the beginning." This is how it is if you do nothing. Practical wood carving tips for beginners open the door for brave people to the world of magnificent DIY crafts. First you need to prepare the tools and understand the basic nuances of the craft.

It is advisable for beginners to choose high-quality and durable equipment for work in order to acquire valuable craftsmanship skills.

For wood carving, you need to prepare the following tools:

• sharp knife;
• chisel;
• jigsaw;
• bit;
• drill;
• needle files;
• spoon cutter;
• bars;
• milling machine.

Of course, for beginners, it will be enough to purchase a special set of tools for woodcarving, which includes a knife, a jigsaw and an awl. With their help, it is very convenient to master the skills of ancient craftsmanship.

The next step is the choice of raw materials. This is what the quality of the product depends on. In nature, there are two types of wood: hard and soft. The first group includes mahogany, oak and beech. To the second -, aspen, pine, spruce, birch. Of course, soft wood is easier to work with, but with one wrong move, it quickly deteriorates. Despite this, it is considered the most suitable raw material for beginners.

Hardwoods are used by professionals because they are very expensive.

In addition to the strength of the material, the color of the wood also plays a key role. A suitable raw material to learn the craft is birch. It lends itself wonderfully to cutting and drilling in any direction. When choosing drawings for woodcarving, it should be borne in mind that birch wood darkens over time. Despite this, she is very easy to work with.

When the pattern is selected, it must be transferred to a wooden blank. In the age of technology, you can use ready-made photographs or drawings provided by specialists. The theme of the images is very different, but each has its own unique beauty. When everything is ready, you can start creating your own masterpieces. An invaluable help for beginners are thematic wood carving lessons.

Master class simple crafts

When you look at the finished crafts, it seems that making them is not at all difficult. Therefore, many lovers of folk crafts took the tool in their hands and got down to business. To cut an ordinary flower, you need to prepare the following set of items:

• wood blank;
• double soft pencil;
• tracing paper;
• chisels.

It must be borne in mind that only special chisels for woodcarving are suitable. They should be v-shaped, narrow and semicircular. The next step is drawing. It can be taken from the Internet. To do this, a sheet of paper is applied to the screen, the diagram is redrawn, and then applied to a wooden plane.

Start work from the central part of the sketch, carefully cutting out a circle. Then, using a v-shaped chisel, the petals are cut along the contour. Waste wood between them is removed in the course of work. If there is no such chisel, professional wood carving knives are suitable, which are no worse to wield in this craft.

The outer part of the petal is cut out with a semicircular chisel. It becomes similar to the outline of a heart, but it's not scary. Then cuts are made in the inner part of the petal, connecting it to the center of the flower. It remains only to round it and the flower is ready. Now you can admire the first creation of your own hands. An invaluable help for beginners is a thematic wood carving video that encourages you to immediately get to work.

Modern technology for experienced craftsmen

In the modern world, many works have long been performed mechanically. Applied craft does not lag behind in this. The use of technology enables craftsmen to save their strength and precious time. Wood carving machines make it possible to quickly and efficiently prepare the source material for work. The only drawback of such devices is their high cost, but people for whom carving is not just a hobby are ready to purchase them.

Pantograph

The device is designed to work with any wooden surfaces. It performs operations of various kinds, both volumetric and on the plane. The pantograph is used to process arcuate, bent or rotating parts. So with the help of a machine cut out various elements of furniture, statues or panels.

Drill

Excellent device for working with hard wood. It is important to take into account the properties and location of the fibers of natural material. With the help of a drill, craftsmen sharpen tools, grind wood, and, if necessary, polish it.

Wood species with dense wood that do not tend to chip are suitable for working with a drill.

CNC milling machine

This technique is mainly used for the production of wooden furniture with carved decoration. The machine is designed to work with plywood of any kind and wood. It is characterized by high functionality and technical capabilities. When working on such equipment, it is important to use special protective equipment - goggles and gloves. Also follow the instructions for use of the device.

As practice shows, such machines simplify the process of wood carving. They make it possible to create a huge number of products in a short time. Devices are used not only in industry, but also for a personal workshop.

In any case, handmade products bring real satisfaction to a person. They create a pleasant atmosphere in the house, help to express the feelings of the master to his loved ones, and serve for the benefit of the household for a long time. Wooden crafts retain their natural beauty for a long time and never go out of style. Woodcarving is an art that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is available to anyone who wishes to master this craft. The main thing is not to be afraid of failures, but to be willing to learn, pick up tools and create masterpieces.

Wood carving video tutorial for beginners

All photos from the article

The simplest type of wood carving is geometric, with which the training of this craft technique begins. The ornament is formed from various shapes - squares, rectangles, polygons, ovals, stripes, circles, segments - parts of a circle, triangles. Today our task is to ensure that you learn as much as possible about what geometric wood carving is, where it is used, how to choose and prepare material for it, about tools and execution techniques.

Features and scope

An original and unusual ornamental pattern of a geometric recess is obtained by creating dihedral, trihedral and tetrahedral recesses in wood, which are folded into geometric elements.

Despite the fact that this type of carving is considered the simplest, for many years the price of products decorated with its help has been quite high, and it has received a special place among other types of crafts.

Tip: when making furniture, make carved parts from the same type of wood as the main item.

Only the imagination of the author, his sense of proportion and taste can serve as a limitation in the areas of application of geometric carving.

Today there are a large number of furniture decorated in this way, here are just a few:

• buffets;
• cabinets;
• cradles;
• shelves;
• coffee tables;
• the Bureau;
• dressers.

Patterns of geometric wood carving, created by professionals in their field, can be found not only in the private homes of collectors and connoisseurs of crafts, but also in various museums - for example, in the Catherine Palace in Pushkin or in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.

How to choose wood

It is worth starting to train the skill and learn to work on wood with small details and elements, this will provide an opportunity to get the basis of the craft. To better feel the tree, the very first drawing is best done on soft wood:

After gaining experience, you can start making patterns on more expensive materials without fear of ruining them. Hardwoods are considered the most valuable. For example, for the production of expensive and unique furniture, such species of trees growing in Russia as beech, oak and pear are often used.

The first one has a rather soft structure, but the wood has attractive aesthetic characteristics, the last two representatives are more hard. By the way, from many points of view, the characteristics of hazel are the most sought after, therefore, in furniture stores selling antiques, you can find products from it.

Already in ancient times, geometric woodcarving, consisting of rectilinear, arcuate and wavy grooves that form an ornament, was widely used as an element of interior and furniture decor. Today, the popularity of this style is due to its decorative effect and ease of execution. To perform geometric wood carving, it is enough for a carver to have a joint knife and a set of small chisels (5 ... 10 units) with a semicircular blade.

Types and features of geometric ornaments

Ornaments (drawings) of the thread are formed from geometrically regular elements, most of which have straight sides - rhombuses, squares, rectangles and trapezoids. Due to the simplicity of cutting a single element, the operations do not require the use of a special tool, and the cutter does not need to know the basics of the theory of drawing composition. In addition, even with an insignificant cutting depth, it is possible to create quite decorative ornaments with a rich play of penumbra.

On a note!

When drawing a marking pattern on a wooden surface, only the main lines are drawn, and the position of each individual element is determined “by eye”.

When making dihedral grooves, initially parallel lines are cut obliquely along and across the fibers. After that, between them, with a suitable chisel, a sample of wood is made to a depth of 2.0 millimeters. Thanks to this, the simplest “cup” (“scaly”) pattern is obtained. If a chisel with a straight blade is used to select wood between parallel cuts, a “ladder” pattern is formed.

Not a single geometric, carved ornament on a tree is unthinkable without the use of elements in the form of trihedral recesses. One of the following two techniques is usually used:

• carving with a recess at the top, which forms "chips", "small places" and "corners";
• the central recess is at the point of intersection of the medians, due to which triangles are formed.

The execution of the ornament of the first type begins in the slots of the sides. After their completion, the lower, divorced ends of the triangle are connected with one cut of the chisel. The second type of thread starts from the center of the triangle. From the trihedral recesses, patterns such as honeycombs, beads, scales, fir cones and others are formed.

The technique of geometric carving “radiance” can be a wonderful decoration for me only for individual items of dishes, but also for making the interior more decorative as an element of furniture. When it is performed, simpler carving techniques are used.

Usually, the “shine” is formed from several or trihedral recesses - wedges or triangles, which are interconnected with their vertices. "Shine" can be made in the form of fans, rhombuses, but this style is especially popular for decorating ceiling rosettes, which add great decorativeness to any interior design.

On a note!

There are other carving techniques. In addition, any professional wood carver considers it his duty to have his own, author's style of geometric carving, which, albeit in small things, differs from standard techniques.

Geometric carvings look great on unpainted light-colored wood (linden, maple, ash). For painting a wooden carved surface, various types of home-made or industrially made stains are used.

To age the carving, to give it greater contrast and to visualize the relief, a solution of acetic acid is used, in which iron nails were “infused” for three to five days. This solution is applied with a piece of foam sponge or a cotton swab, after which it is dried and opened with furniture varnish.

The use of carved decor in the interior

Various decorative elements with geometric carvings are widely used in the interior design of residential premises in the Empire, Victorian, Baroque and other types of classical design.

Carved furniture gives solemnity, luxury and splendor to any living space. A bed with carved headboards will be the main shaping element of the interior design of the bedroom and will give all the furniture a touch of piquant sophistication.

On a note!

Quite popular in private homes are various interior elements (balusters, railings, handrails, balustrades), decorated with carved decor.

The use of geometric carvings on clones or pilasters makes it possible to visualize the increase in the height of the ceilings. The carved support posts of the railing will look no less aesthetically pleasing. Especially popular are these elements of flights of stairs decorated with concentric or spiral carved additions.

On a note!

Ceiling rosettes, platbands for interior doors, carved ceiling consoles and beams for hanging lamps will help to increase the decorativeness of any living space.

No less popular are baguettes, frames and friezes. Today, products made of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or expanded polystyrene are usually used as these decorative and finishing elements. However, if you use carved wooden products, the comfort and elegance of your home will increase significantly. In addition, wooden decor, with an appropriate protective finish, is in no way inferior to plastic products in terms of durability. A carved, wooden ceiling frieze will also add originality to the interior of the living space.

Carved wood processing is also widely used for various details used for facade decoration of a dwelling and for the formation of an exclusive landscape design. Today, you will not surprise anyone with small architectural forms (arbors, tables, benches) placed on a personal plot and decorated with various carved decorations. Entrance gates decorated with even the simplest carving and street gates installed in the fences of personal plots look quite attractive.

Today, it is enough to simply order products for decorating the interior of a living space and shaping landscape design in specialized workshops or from individual carvers. Simple products - ceiling rosettes, an ornament on cutting boards for kitchen utensils, with certain skills and free time, can be done independently.

Video

The video tutorial shows the first lesson on geometric carving. From it you will learn how to cut triangular parts.

Woodcarving is a wonderful home decoration for many people, but for some it is an unusual and entertaining process. Products made of wood adorned the dwellings of our ancient ancestors, and patterns on various household items were used not only for beauty, but also in terms of protection.

For beginners, you will need detailed MK, diagrams and sketches of sockets, drawings and templates, photographs and pictures of finished products for example.

What kind tools and materials needed for woodcarving:

• Special knife-jamb.
• Round chisel.
• Bar.
• Sandpaper.
• Lacquer of a certain color.
• Stain.
• Files.
• Ruler and eraser.
• Knives for geometric carving.

In order to learn how to properly carve wood using any technique, you need to go to a good specialist for courses or master the material yourself using videos and photos.

Beginners need to learn how to properly hold a knife in their hand. You can master this action by trying to cut grooves on ordinary bars. You should not skip this step and move on to working with an ornament, because without initial training, your products will turn out to be uneven. First cut: creating a groove along the grain of the wood.

To properly understand how to work with sketches and how to cut, looking at images and drawings, you need to understand, how to apply the simplest methods.

Cutting a furrow across pieces of wood.

Across the grain, the wood is harder to cut, so the cut should be the same as cutting along the length of the grain, with one significant difference: the heel of the cutter must rise, and not be above the tree itself. Thus, it will be easier to cut through the tree, but you need to make sure that the knife does not roll off the other side of the straight line.

Gallery: geometric woodcarving (25 photos)

Creating a grid and squares pattern on a special wood blank

Grid or squares- a new element in the development of geometric carving. To create this simple ornament, you first need to make strips along the length of the fibers with the same width from each other, then cut grooves across the fibers. The result is this gorgeous pattern. You can also make a grid not along and across the bar, but purely diagonally.

In this case, it is necessary to monitor the accuracy of the hand and the straightness of the cut lines even more. If you get an unnecessary cut, it will be hardly noticeable in the process, but then, after staining or painting, it will stand out strongly.

How to cut triangles on a tree?

triangles- This is a popular ornament on various household items. You can often see triangles on cutting boards, photo frames, and jewelry boxes. Triangles are created as follows: lines are drawn from the top of the triangle to its center, along which a cut is made with a cutter.

To do this, the sharp part of the knife penetrates into the material, and the heel only touches, but does not enter, into the top of the triangle. This action is performed from each of the vertices. So the center of our ornament will be the deepest point in the pattern.

Then you need to tilt the cutter to the right and cut along the side from right to left and trim towards you. The new face must be made not from left to right, but after you have turned the block over. The hand should make the same movements as with the first face.

After creating the lightest triangles, you can try to develop triangles with a crooked center or round sides. In this case, the cutting technique will be the same, the main thing is to follow the movement of the hand along the marked lines.

This geometry technique is much more difficult, but with more practice, you can easily create a drawing of any complexity.

Decoration of boxes, sketch

Worth talking about beautiful designs for jewelry boxes. They can be made using different techniques: slotted carving, laying a base of fabric, foil or wood board of the desired color under the pattern; flat notch thread, to which geometric and contour threads are attached. Its difference is that in a flat background, depressions are made to the same depth.

Carving on wood of various geometric shapes (triangles, circles, squares) is one of the varieties of woodcarving - geometric. This is one of the easiest ways to do this arts and crafts. It is limited to two main techniques: cutting through the wood along the layer of wood and cutting against the layer. Geometric woodcarving from tools involves only a well-sharpened knife.

As an architect, he prepared urban planning and building studies. He participated and distinguished himself in architectural competitions and exhibitions of architectural works. Her work has been published in Greek and international architectural journals. The right recipe for great.

Whether you're building a new home, or thinking about redecorating, or just looking to make small changes that will last your kitchen, check out the trends of the times to inspire and create the space you dream of.

Wood flooring is a trend that has dominated home decor in recent years. So why not use it in the kitchen? If the style of the house is more modern, a combination of wood with tiles is a suggestion that will suit your space.

The basis of most geometric ornaments is a triangle. Another advantage of such patterns is that there is no need to make deep cuts.

Rose gold and copper, which dominated last season's decorative details, are now also being imported into the kitchen. Feel free to embrace the trend, starting with a little decorative or if your kitchen style allows it, you even prefer lighting fixtures in these shades.

Color Golden ocher color, golden ocher Greek, is at the top of the kitchen palette. It is quite neutral and at the same time creates warmth in the space while it is bright. The trend that will prevail in kitchens will be white. White flooring, cabinets, appliances and other surfaces, combined with small details in natural wood or metal, is a tasteful proposal that will last in time.

But despite the simplicity of execution, products with geometric carvings are distinguished by beauty and grace. In our articles you can find drawings, sketches, patterns, diagrams that can be easily downloaded.

Easy lesson

We bring to your attention an interesting master class for beginners, which allows you to master the basic techniques of geometric carving.

Marble benches were all the rage in the 1970s and were considered obsolete until recently, but they are now back on the move. The result is minimal, sparkling and definitely clean. Choose them in open tones with darker "waters". Storage Solutions Kitchen storage is never enough. Here are some ideas for creating more storage space and organizing your closets. Ask a carpenter to make necessary additions to existing furniture, while some of them can be made by themselves if they grab your hands.

For work you will need:

• soft wood (the best option is a birch board);
• joint knife;
• pencil;
• ruler.

The first step is to apply a sketch of the future pattern to the base. To do this, draw two lines parallel to each other, the distance between which will be 1 cm. On each line we will make marks, 1 cm each, alternating in a checkerboard pattern.

Black matte is one of the shades that will dominate in the future. If you don't want to use it on large surfaces, opt for small decorative pieces. Smart ideas for a beautiful bathroom. A plant in the bathroom? Still, it's a great solution to freshen up a room's décor and give it a special touch. Prefer an orchid that doesn't get much space and thrives in bathroom moisture.

If you don't have much storage space, you can get pretty jars or boxes in different sizes and put the bathroom you need in there. This way, your belongings will always be tidy and the bathroom will have a beautiful decorative shade.

Now, using the marks made earlier, draw a series of triangles. Let's mark the center inside each with a small dot.

Connect the centers of the triangles with their corners (in other words, draw the radii of the circumscribed circles).

A wooden ladder, in addition to being beautifully decorative, can also serve as a rack for placing bottles or towels on it. The positive thing about this solution is that the ladder is not as bulky as a closet and can be easily placed in different places in a small bathroom.

A stylish washbasin is enough. Make a washbasin with plank and place a stunning washbasin. All you have to do is find a good wide plank and open a hole in the wood for the siphon. IN REGARD TO YOUR SPACE AND YOUR TIME. Hydraulic doors on your door Vassilis and Dimitris Dodos are two certified hydraulic springs who commit to do all kinds of hydraulic work with a phone call, available any time you need them. Their certified master class carries out modernization, maintenance and repair of water, heating, gas, bathroom and kitchen. “In addition to any hydraulic installation, we also specialize in leak testing,” said two experienced technicians. Our many years of experience in this subject, know-how, continuous technical briefing in Greece and abroad, combined with our consistency, is the best guarantee of an excellent result in every hydraulic job.

Now you can proceed to the initial stage of the carving. Before doing this, you should familiarize yourself with safety rules when working with cutting objects:

• the instrument must be in the dominant hand;
• the other hand should lie in front of the carver;
• during work, you can not be distracted, you need to be as attentive and focused as possible.

Let's start carving.

License 101 gas installer. License No. 34. Stone is a material that can create a feeling of warmth and comfort in the place where it is placed inside or outside. Although in most minds it has been paired with rustic décor and country homes, it is now a widespread solution for creating dedicated contemporary spaces. It also has the advantage of being a very durable material that retains its characteristics over time. The goal is to decorate stone walls with the rest of the decor of the room, floor and furniture, which can be easily achieved as stone is combined with many different materials and depending on its color can be combined with all colors.

The “toe” (protruding part) of the incisor is inserted to a depth of 4-5 mm, and the “heel” is tilted to the corner of the triangle.

With the knife tilted to the side, carefully cut out one side of the triangle.

Rotate the board 90 degrees and cut out the remaining sides of the triangle.

An important factor is the choice of stone type. There are natural stones and synthetic ones. In both cases, the result is very similar. But natural stone is more expensive as a material. More important to the style one wants to succeed is the "aesthetics" of the stone: color, shape, size and texture. As for the use of stones on the walls, there are several alternative approaches. You can enclose an entire wall, opt for a half-height dress, or simply place stones in individual wall columns, inside or outside the home. Stone fireplaces are also a particular offer that has gained more and more fans in recent years, as it gives the site even more warmth.

This type of thread is called "trihedral-notched".

We are working on the rest of the triangles. At the end of the row, we get this ornament:

Surrounded by nature and the characteristics of each era, the colors of the Earth's palette are scattered between olive and khaki, yellow and red autumn leaves and blue winter skies, creating places with a lively atmosphere of warmth. For those who love white, this is your year, as many companies don't just include it as a secondary color on their pallets, but they offer it as the color of the year. The trend even wants different shades to dress the walls and ceilings of a room, creating layered soft contrasts.

Of the ancient figurines and mosaics, colors are characteristic, among which tile, brown, red-brown, cinnamon, ocher, blue of the Greek sea and black are the dominant trend, which we will also see when designers such as Mary Katranzou stole their impressions by adopting it for their new collections.

Again, mark the centers of the resulting triangles and connect them to the vertices.

We cut it out in the same way, resulting in a snake pattern, as in the photo.

Let's draw another line with an identical pattern.

These are dark, deep colors reminiscent of gemstones such as emerald, ruby ​​and sapphire, which combine to create symbolic and highly complex spaces. Colors that draw inspiration from fabric, clothing, and traditional nomadic tribal items make for a great color palette that can be paired with the style of every western home.

For Colored Myths and Facts There are several misconceptions regarding the choice of color for painting a room and which we have accepted as correct when in fact these are myths such as: The ceiling is always painted white We are used to Greece to paint the ceiling white. This habit is explained by the fact that the white color reflects a large amount of light, pulling the eye to it. But the same thing will happen if we paint the ceiling with a different light. If we now turn things around and paint the ceiling with a dark tint and the walls with an open one, then our eyes will be drawn to the lighter tint of the walls, furniture, or accessories of the space due to light reflections.

First cut out the top and then the bottom triangles.

The result is a rosette pattern.

Plaster should always be white. Indeed, white painted plaster generally suits all shades of the house. However, as the plaster runs throughout the home, they can be painted in dark or dark shades on the walls, adding new dimensions to the space. Dark shadows make the space look smaller. In fact, the contrast of shades, not the shades themselves, makes the space look smaller. This is because the eye moves into the room, focusing on the darkest objects in the room. Monochrome combinations of each shade.

SELECTING THE RIGHT HEATING Every year the conversation revolves around the type of heating that will meet the needs of the home at the lowest possible cost. In the following text, we present the alternatives you can choose between in order to warm up your space while spending as little money as possible. Three key questions that we must answer, of course, with the help of specialists, when choosing the type of heating that suits our needs. These are: what are the heating needs in kilowatts, how much fuel needs to be consumed to meet the above needs, and what is the price of each fuel, which, combined with the capacity of the available system, will give the total cost needed for heating.

Let's get acquainted with another interesting element. Draw a circle of arbitrary diameter and divide it into an arbitrary number of parts.

Let's connect the points with which we divided the circle with its center.

Warm home How many kWh do you need for heating in winter? Of course, for an accurate calculation, a special study of a mechanical engineer is required. How much fuel will I need to consume and how much will it cost me? So kWh is calculated next step, based on this consumption and the calorie content of each fuel, ie. Natural Gas Natural gas is an economical choice because it has competitive rates for all conventional fuels. It is more economical than fuel oil, while.

Fossil fuels complementary way or act as a single heater. The rated power required in the case of pellet radiant stoves, since they are designed to heat water that will circulate throughout the space of the house by circulating to the radiators, is of course higher. Energy fireplaces Energy fireplaces are divided, as well as pellet stoves, into two categories: heaters and radiant pores, and in both cases, the efficiency can reach 80%. The energy heater is a closed type heater with an output of 60% or more and is always combined with controlled combustion.

Inside the first circle, draw another one, draw the rays.

Again we work with a cutter. We act according to the described scheme (“we deepen the toe”, we direct the “heel” to the base).

We get a chip of a triangular shape.

This hearth must be able to release hot air. Thermodynamic energy or fireplace heaters can be used as the main heating source, without any openings or air distribution, in which case, however, the temperature in different areas of the houses will not be uniform, but will show slight variations from site to site. The squares that a fireplace can heat are a function of the fireplace's power, the insulation of the house, the interior height of the house, the climatic conditions of the area, and the layout of the rooms.

Cut out all the triangles.

We make an incision along the inner lines of the beam.

First cut out one and then the other side.

We get a decorated beam protruding above the surface.

In the same way, we work out the rest of the rays, the resulting pattern is called "radiance".

It is not necessary to make the rays straight. This pattern is also possible.

We grind all the roughness with fine-grained sandpaper.

Here are the works that can be obtained based on the skills of geometric carving obtained in this lesson (in the photo - cutting boards, albums, boxes):

Video on the topic of the article

Geometric carving is a great option for beginners to join the art of wood carving. Even more useful information and beautiful sketches in a small video selection.

Geometric woodcarving is an ancient artistic craft. She was decorated with everyday household utensils, furniture. The decor is created on the basis of a simple geometric pattern, but it looks extremely beautiful.

You should start with simple ornaments. I will give a lesson in geometric carving on a cutting board.

We need only 2 knives for wood carving: a pen knife and a triangular joint knife, as well as compasses, a pencil and a ruler:

The pen knife is used to cut long elongated slits such as a petal or a long groove, as well as small narrow slits. The triangle joint knife is mainly used for cutting triangular shapes of various configurations, and is also used for cutting long straight lines. Woodcarving knives should be sharp and fit comfortably in the hand.

First you need to sketch the pattern on the board. You can apply it with a compass and a ruler, or you can take ready-made carving patterns printed on paper and transfer them to the board using a carbon paper:

We start carving by cutting out the petals:

During the carving, the thumb is pressed tightly against the board, and the upper joint of the index finger should lightly touch the surface. So you can adjust the depth of entry of the knife into the tree and the angle of inclination. And the thumb will help move the blade smoothly. After cutting at an angle to one side, turn the board over and cut through on the other side:

In this case, the chips should curl with a string - this is a sign of a sharp tool. Move the instrument periodically. I do this about a piece of skin with GOI paste:

Now we cut out the triangles with a joint knife. With a heel, at an angle of about 45 degrees, we cut the tool into a tree, without bringing it to the edges of the picture. We do this from three sides so that our slots meet at an angle and the cut-off chip in the form of a pyramid falls out.