Pillars for a canopy from boards. Wooden canopies: tips for manufacturing and installation with photo examples

home / Treason

It is possible to store the car in the open air, but it is much better to leave it under a canopy or roof. So you can protect the car body from corrosion for much longer and are not afraid of bird droppings. But under such canopies you can place a lot of useful things, both for the car itself and for everyday life. There are also small canopies, for example, over the porch of a private house, but their installation is quite simple.

Design features and variety of its types

First of all, you need to decide on the place where the canopy will be located. After that, it is already worth thinking about the visual design, the functional purpose (there are mobile variations of canopies).

Both types perform their tasks perfectly, but the stationary one is much more durable, stronger, but the mobile version has the main advantage of mobility. Mobile is made of durable materials using a reinforced frame.

Sheds also differ in the type of placement. There are options where the canopy is attached to the house, as an element of the building and is special, and where the canopy is an independent structure.

The frame consists of many elements, but the supporting pillars are the basis. They are made of metal, pipes, brick or wood. Some are made of concrete, but this method is quite long and inconvenient.

The roofing material is identical to a conventional roof: profile flooring, tiles (ceramic or metal), polycarbonate. The only difference is that the canopies do not use a flat roof.

Depending on what material was chosen, the installation time also varies. So, for example, with brick pillars and ceramic tiles, the installation time will be about two weeks, and with pillars made of profile pipes and polycarbonate - several days.

Preparatory work

As with any construction, first of all, you need a project, or at least a sketch. You can find photos of canopies or drawings adapted for self-assembly. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a tool, purchase building materials.

From the tools you will need:

Roulette 5 m.
Level 1.5 - 2 m.
Perforator with drills (for material).
Self-tapping screws (if the design is with a wooden frame and polycarbonate, nails will do).

Construction and installation works

With any construction, there are usual work algorithms. The early stages are practically the same, the differences begin when the structure is erected.

Clearing the area for construction. This includes both soil cleaning (if the site is filled), cleaning of debris, tools and other things.

Site marking. It is carried out according to the drawing (sketch).

In place of future support pillars, it is necessary to dig holes, about a meter deep (for structures with a height of no more than 3 m in the center). Pit dimensions: 40 by 40 cm, depth 1 m. Usually, there are 6 such pits, but sometimes 8 are made.

Installation of support pillars for the canopy frame. There are some nuances here. When erecting supports made of metal or pipes, they must be anchored and concreted. In this case, the hole expands. The anchor must be no shorter than half the length of the underground size of the structure. All pipes must have the same length, they must be set according to the level or level.

The pillars must be fastened together to improve the rigidity of the structure. To do this, frame elements are mounted on top, but of a smaller diameter around the entire perimeter at the same level.

In some cases, diagonal stiffeners are made. The method of fastening can be either using welding or using a perforator. This item does not apply to concrete or brick structures.

Roof installation. The truss system, prepared in advance, is welded on the spot, according to the level. Usually they make a step built in 1 m, the angle is selected in the sketch and it is desirable to calculate it. But most often there are designs with an angle of 30-40 degrees.

The rafters are welded into the joint with the outer contour so that the flooring protrudes beyond the structure, providing good waterproofing and protection from excess moisture.

The final stage of installation will be the roof sheathing. More often use polycarbonate or profile flooring. If we talk about corrugated board, then it is overlapped, from the bottom up (getting into the rib). The overlap is about 15 cm. It is cut on the ridge, after which it is sheathed with tin.

In cases with polycarbonate, the sheets are laid end-to-end, after which they must be coated with waterproofing (acrylic, silicone). Both elements are attached to self-tapping screws with washers.

It is advisable to mount them on a small smear of silicone for better insulation and to prevent oxidation of the thread at the junction. From what to make a canopy - you decide.

Installation of a portable canopy

The main difference is how such a canopy is made, the foundation and the materials from which it is made. The foundation is pipes of larger diameter, which are 20-30 cm higher than the ground level.

The frame itself is put on them and holes are drilled (several pieces in each) in order to insert a pin that adjusts the structure in height.

The portable canopy is made of profile pipes, stiffening frames too. They should be in this type of canopy. The roof is made according to the same principle, the material can be either polycarbonate or corrugated board.

Photo of canopies with their own hands

It is difficult to imagine a modern country house without a canopy. This architectural design performs two important functions. First, it protects the building from rain and sun. Secondly, it is an excellent means of decorating the facade of the house. Hardworking and inventive owners of summer cottages have come up with a lot of ways to equip an additional roof over their heads, which can be made from improvised materials and have a wide variety of shapes.

Varieties of canopies

The classification of canopies is extensive. Depending on the design features, they are:

inclined (two-slope or single-slope);
straight;
multifaceted (in the form of curved arches, domes, pyramids, polygons, arcs).

Depending on the location, the canopies are divided into:

detached, erected away from the main building (carports, landscape canopies);
attached. They are erected above the entrance to the house or above the open veranda;
built-in. They are an integral part of the architectural ensemble. Most often they are built into a barbecue area or into an existing building;
decorative. Serve as a garden decoration.

If we talk about materials, then the canopies are stone, wooden, polycarbonate, combined.

A wooden canopy is the most popular variety, because it is easy to perform and does not require special expenses when arranging. Anyone can build such a structure if they wish.

DIY wooden canopy

Puzzling over the problem of how to build a wooden canopy and do not know where to start construction work? The first step towards the realization of the cherished goal is the development of the project.

Project development

Projects of wooden canopies are designed to analyze the existing conditions. Especially if the design will be attached to an already finished building. Information about the foundation and facade wall of the house is extremely important, as well as climatic conditions (wind load, snow thickness in winter, cardinal points in the place chosen for construction).

In addition, it will not be superfluous to think about decor elements, types of roofing materials that are preferred in one case or another, choose the shape and size of the canopy. The more detailed your project is, the easier it will be to put it into practice. Exact figures will help to correctly calculate the amount of required consumables. The easiest way is to make a wooden canopy over the porch, which will be reliable and stable.

When developing a project, the working dimensions of roofing materials should be taken into account. Lay slate sheets overlapping on the ground across and along the waves. Only after obtaining the exact dimensions of a clean roof, you can get down to business.

Rack installation

The design of a wooden canopy can be made from any wood, but the best way to cope with the duties assigned to it is pine. It is beautiful, durable, lightweight and able to organically fit into any exterior.

The tree can be just sawn, the main thing is that there is no bark on the bars. The recommended section is not less than 75x75 mm. The part of the timber installed on the ground is treated with bituminous mastic before installation, which protects against the negative effects of moisture. The pillars are installed at a distance of a meter from each other, so that the roof hangs at least 200 mm along the front, and 50-100 mm on the sides (along the waves).

With a hand drill or a shovel, we prepare wells located in one line, 500 mm deep. Do not forget to check the diagonals of the canopy - they should be the same. Using a plumb line or building level, we install rails. Strictly vertical. For fixing, we use auxiliary bars, which can then be removed without problems.

The free space is filled with concrete or crushed stone. The second option is more profitable. Crushed stone costs nothing, does not require complex batches, and it “holds” just fine. After installing the pillars, they must be cut in height with a bevel corresponding to the slope of the plane so that the rafters lie on the upper ends of the timber. Using a chopping cord or a hydraulic level, we get a horizontal line.

The height of the racks at the bottom of the slope should not be lower than 1800 mm. However, if you are planning a rack or table in this part, then this indicator can be made smaller.

Installation of rafters

Further, the device of a wooden canopy passes into a simple, but requiring utmost care, stage - the installation of a truss system. Rafters are bars with a section of 150x50 mm. Such strength will be quite enough to cover a 6-meter span. Subject to the slope and estimated weight, of course.

The distance between the rafters is about 1 meter. One side is attached to a wall or support board, mounted in advance, and the other lies on the racks, passing the line at the site of the planned overhang strictly perpendicular. To connect the components of the truss system, wood screws or steel corners are used. Fastening to a mineral base, for example, a brick wall, is carried out by means of corners, consoles, dowels or metal anchors.

We carry out the crate

On top of the rafters (perpendicularly) a crate is performed. It is better to use an edged board with a width of 160 mm and a thickness of 30 mm. The boards are distributed along the axes at a distance of 900 mm.

The boards should fall under the joints and the middle of the slate sheets (size 900x1800 mm). The last and first lines should be along the edges of the slope. It is necessary to fasten with self-tapping screws.

We lay slate

The wooden shed for the dacha is almost built. You can start laying the roofing. The slate is screwed along the top of the wave with galvanized self-tapping screws equipped with a melted head. Experts advise putting special plastic washers under the heads. An average of 11 self-tapping screws is required per sheet. If there are no washers, then they can be replaced with "Ranilov screws" or fasteners with a press washer.

Slate manufacturers often complete the product with trapezoidal or round gaskets, which allow you to securely fix the screws without disturbing the waveform. Slate sheets are mounted from the bottom up. The rows overlap each other by 100 mm. For reliability, it is better to make the front and side overhangs minimal (50-100 mm). If necessary, the slate is cut with an ordinary grinder with a diamond wheel.

Important nuances of work

Wooden elements require treatment with compounds that protect against precipitation, mold, fungus and create an eye-catching decorative effect. Impregnation can be both colorless and tinted.

Now you know how to make a wooden canopy. There are only a few points that require immediate consideration. Pay due attention to the floor. Simple backfilling of large gravel, flooring boards, sandstone cladding, concrete screed - the choice of how to create "soil" is up to you.

Take care of the presence of light and a couple of sockets under the canopy. The functionality of the finished structure will be added by a brazier, a cooking stove, a barbecue. Decor variations will depend only on your preferences - you can age the wood, decorate with climbing plants, wooden shelves, handmade vases. Think, try and realize the dream of a corner of coziness and comfort in the bosom of nature.

Wooden canopy: photo

Wooden canopy: video

Wooden sheds for the house

A beautiful and high-quality canopy at their summer cottage can not only noticeably decorate your yard, but also provide reliable protection from rain and other precipitation. It is quite simple to build such a structure, so if you decide to create an attractive wooden canopy, you can easily handle it on your own. Its construction will not take you much time, besides, you do not need to have special knowledge and skills to carry out such work.

Today, there is a fairly large selection of different designs of garden sheds, which differ in the type of construction, materials and style. Decorative awnings made of wood are very popular these days. Wood is considered one of the most common building materials. It has not only attractive external characteristics, but also sufficiently high strength and many other advantages.

Decorative canopy made of wood

As a rule, one material is used quite rarely for the construction of canopies. Most often, several different types of material are combined in the design at once: wood and profile, metal, roofing material, etc. This approach ensures high stability, strength and durability of the structure.

Combination of metal and polycarbonate

The advantages of building a garden canopy for summer cottages from wood include:

long service life;
reliability;
high strength and wear resistance;
good heat retention;
rain protection;
resistance to dampness and moisture;
attractive appearance;
quick and easy way to make;
affordable cost of materials.

A modern wooden canopy can not only decorate the facade of the house, but also be used to protect garden furniture, a car from rain. Under a canopy, which can be a continuation of the roof of the house, you can organize a cozy place for a comfortable stay.

Wooden shed near the house

Wooden canopy for garden furniture

Wooden carport

Garden sheds made of wood can be divided into separate types based on the design features. There are such popular types of canopies for the house as:

If you decide to decorate your garden or house facade with a beautiful wooden canopy, first you need to decide on the type of construction, as well as develop a construction project.

Construction of an arched canopy made of wood for a summer residence with your own hands

The preparatory stage of work on the construction of a country canopy made of wood with your own hands includes the development of an existing project or drawing of a building, preparing a site for construction, purchasing materials and necessary tools. The project of a wooden building is being developed to analyze the conditions of construction, it also indicates the features, parameters and placement of the future structure. It is especially important to carefully approach this stage if the building is attached to the facade of the building. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics and parameters of the building, its facade and the walls of the house. In addition, already at the stage of project development, it is necessary to determine the presence and type of roofing material for the canopy. The project or design drawing of the structure must be thought through extremely carefully. This will avoid possible errors in the construction of the structure.

Project of a direct wooden canopy

Arched canopies are considered to be the most popular types of wooden canopies for the garden today. This design has an attractive appearance and can decorate both the garden and the area near the house. For the construction of this building, not only wood is used, but also profile material, which acts as a roof.

Arched canopy made of wood and metal profiles

The construction of such a structure must begin with the installation of racks. The design of the arched canopy can be made of almost any type of wood, however, pine will be the best option. Before construction, the material must be pre-treated with a special solution that will protect the wood from dampness, rot and damage.

Wood treatment with a special coating

To build an arched canopy, you will need materials such as:

wooden bars with a section of 25 by 50 mm;
steel pipes;
water pipe;
profile material or polycarbonate;
self-tapping screws;
roofing iron;
concrete mortar;
sand.

Wooden beams are mounted in the ground; before installation, do not forget to treat the end of the beam with bituminous mastic, which will reliably protect the wood from damage. The bars must be installed at a distance of approximately 1 m from each other. For installation, it is necessary to prepare wells for pillars, the depth of which should be 500 mm. Next, you need to install the rails using a plumb line vertically. You can fix them using auxiliary bars, which can later be removed.

Concreting of wooden beams

The wells must be filled with concrete. After the pillars are installed, their height must be adjusted so that the rafters lie on the upper ends of the timber. Next, you need to fix the carrier beam and create crates. The lattice is made of boards with a thickness of no more than 3 cm. The first line of the crate runs along the edge of the roof, the second - close to the wall. The crate is attached using self-tapping screws.

Sheathing of pillars

The next stage of work includes fixing roofing materials, which can be used as profile sheets or polycarbonate. Such work includes the following stages of construction:

cutting sheets, the length of which should be 15 cm longer than the length of the arch itself;
removal of the protective film;
sheet mounting, fastening with self-tapping screws;
fixing the bottom of the connecting profile;
laying the second sheet, which is mounted next to the previous one;
with the help of a wooden mallet, it is necessary to close the profile;
close the remaining edges of the profile with end profiles.

Installation of a metal profile on a wooden crate

Do-it-yourself canopies according to photos, videos, drawings

At the summer cottage, you can install beautiful canopies made of wood and other materials of various types and designs. The choice of design will depend, first of all, on the purpose of this building. Today, you can select a huge number of unique garden buildings, made in different styles. Most often, wood canopies for summer cottages perform a decorative function, which is why wood is chosen to create them.

Drawing of a wooden canopy

For the construction of beautiful wood canopies, you can use not only wooden beams, but also ready-made decorative nets.

Decorative wood mesh

Such elements are usually used to create gazebos, however, they can also decorate decorative canopies. If the canopy will be used to protect the car or furniture from precipitation, such a lightweight material will not work. It will be necessary to create a reliable crate, as well as the roof of the building.

If you cannot choose which type of wood canopy is suitable for decorating the facade of your house or summer cottage, you can view photos of finished designs on the Internet. Photos like this can give you new building ideas or can be used as a template.

Wooden canopy made of wood with a wall of decorative lattice

Double wooden canopy

Canopy made of wood and canvas

In addition, many useful video instructions are presented to your attention, which explain in detail the process of creating wooden canopies from scratch. Such videos can become your assistant in the construction of sheds for a summer residence with your own hands and help you avoid many problems during construction.

In addition, on the Internet you can also find ready-made drawings of structures of various types. Therefore, if you are unable to create your own project or drawing of a country canopy, you can use ready-made offers on the Internet.

Source: http://navesimoskva.ru/navesi/svoimi-rukami/iz-dereva/

Immediately after the construction of the house, and sometimes "before" the question arises with parking. It is not always possible to build a major garage, but putting a roof on poles - a canopy - is already easier and cheaper. The carport can be a freestanding structure. Then it is placed in the yard, as a rule, not far from the entrance gate or garage. The second option is attached to the house, when one or more sides of the roof rests on the wall of the building. In terms of functionality, both options are equivalent, just everyone chooses based on personal requirements and preferences.

Dimensions

Since the dimensions of cars can vary greatly, in each case the optimal dimensions are determined depending on the available car.

The height is usually around 2.5 meters. This is more than enough even for an SUV with a loaded trunk. And to determine the length and width of the canopy, at least a meter is added to the external dimensions of the machine. Agree, it is quite enough if there is a distance of half a meter to the pillars.

But to protect against precipitation, it is better to make the roof overhangs longer: they will also close from oblique rain and snow.

When determining the size of the canopy for two cars, the distance between the rear-view mirrors is taken to be 50 cm. The same amount is considered to the pillars. And the length of the canopy is determined by the longest car.

Frame materials

Basically, wood is used for supports - a beam or a log, a metal pipe of a round or rectangular section. Sometimes the supporting columns are made of brick or stone. They are more massive, attract more attention, therefore they must fit into the style of the building that is nearby.

There are other options when the bottom of the support column is made of brick, and the top is made of wood or metal. And in this case, everything is determined by the style of the house and the site. You should not make brick supports if there are restrictions on the size of the site: they are quite massive and take up a decent amount of space.

All materials (except bricks) are processed before use. Wood is necessarily covered with flame retardants (reducing the combustibility of the material). Then it is impregnated with compounds that will protect it from damage by woodworms, as well as from all weather conditions.

Its implementation

Particular attention should be paid to the processing of wood, which will be buried in the ground. It can be impregnated with special compounds for wood in contact with the ground (for example, Senezh Ultra and its analogues). Impregnation showed itself well in working out. The ends of the poles that will be buried are immersed in a container with working off for a couple of days. After drying, they can be used without additional measures. 10 years is enough.

The second option is to pour a concrete pillar into the ground, and mount a mortgage plate, shoe or hairpin into it, to which a wooden beam is then attached.

Metal poles are cleaned of rust, covered with a primer. After welding, the seams are additionally processed and everything is covered with paint in two layers. The second is applied after the first coat of paint has dried to a “tack-free” state.

Roof types (with drawings and dimensions)

The most economical and simplest is a shed roof. Usually it is used if the carport is attached to the house: this is the easiest way to organize a normal connection to the wall.

They make a shed roof for free-standing canopies. In regions with little snowy winters, it is possible to make a roof without a slope, in those where there is a lot of snow, a slope of at least 8-10 ° is required. In this case, the lower side is made from the south or east: so that there is more shade. Also in this case, on the south side, you can sew up the canopy on the side (or plant tall plants there).

If a canopy is made of polycarbonate, then the roof is vaulted. It is also optimal in terms of precipitation and is easily implemented due to the flexibility of this material.

A more complex gable roof. If made of metal, it has a relatively simple structure.

In the case of a wooden canopy under a gable roof, the system is multicomponent.

roofing material

If the carport is attached to the house, it makes sense to make its roof from the same material. Under soft types of roofs (flexible tiles, ondulin, etc.), a solid crate is required, for hard ones - sparse, and the step is chosen depending on wind and snow loads in the region, also focusing on the recommendations of roofing material manufacturers.

If complete shading is not required, polycarbonate can be used. By the way, it is the most popular material in recent times. It is only necessary to choose it correctly: take a multi-chamber one, which has at least three layers of plastic and two rows of cells. Under such a canopy made of polycarbonate, even on a sunny day, it is not hot.

Also, the degree of heating depends on the color. See the technical specifications and choose the one with more sunlight absorption. Transparent ones are needed for greenhouses to warm plants. For canopies, on the contrary, you need polycarbonate with low light transmission.

How to lay out a platform

The easiest and most inexpensive way to make a platform under a carport is to fill it with gravel. To do this, it will be necessary to remove the sod, dig in the curb, pour rubble and compact it well using tamping platforms. Then the platform will be rigid and ruts will not form.

Compacted gravel is a good cover for a car park

Recently, sites paved with paving slabs or paving stones are more popular. They have a more attractive appearance, but their device is more expensive. Preparation also begins: first, the soil is removed. But the pit is made with a depth of about 20-25 cm. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom, which is also well rammed. Then it is desirable to spread a layer on the rubble. This is a non-woven material that will prevent the sand that will be poured from above from waking up and mixing with gravel. Also, geotextiles redistribute the load more evenly, preventing the base from sinking under the wheels of a car (it is used in road construction). A layer of sand is already poured on it, which is also rammed. Paving slabs, clinker bricks, cobblestones and other similar materials are laid in the sand.

In the middle in terms of costs is a concrete platform. The base is also prepared from rammed rubble. Wooden planks are laid on it at a distance of 1 m, which are set to a level or with a slight slope to drain water. These strips serve as beacons during pouring, and then play the role of damper joints, compensating for the thermal expansion of concrete. With this structure, cracks appear less frequently.

A metal mesh of galvanized wire is laid between the planks. You can, of course, stainless steel, but it is expensive. The thickness of the wire is 3-4 mm, the cell is 10 * 10 cm. It is poured from above. The thickness of the concrete layer is 7-10 cm.

Do-it-yourself canopy attached to the house (photo report)

It was decided to attach a shed to the house, under which to hide your favorite equipment - a car and a boat. First, with the help of a motor drill, they dug holes 1.5 m deep - below the freezing depth.

We inserted sleeves from waterproofing, a frame made of 10 mm bar with welded mortgages, poured concrete.

The installation step of the pillars is 2 meters.

When the concrete had set, the poles and the top trim were installed. They are sanded and treated with protective impregnation. To prevent the frame from moving, they fixed it with what it was - aluminum corners. The junction of the racks and strapping was reinforced with metal plates.

The pillars are screwed to the "heels"

A support board was nailed to the wall of the house. Roof beams were attached to it (board 50-200 cm). The slope turned out to be small, about 9 °, but it is enough. Small cuts were made in the beams to fit the size of the beam - for emphasis, the edges were cut off to get an even overhang.

The beams were attached to the strapping with nails obliquely, 2 pieces on each side.

The beams on the wall are fixed on U-shaped metal plates.

The rafter system is assembled - the beams were installed with a small step - 40 cm, they were made from a board 50 * 200 mm.

OSB was attached to the rafters on top. Roofing material - soft tiles. Underneath it needs a solid crate.

A board was nailed on the side between the posts: for greater rigidity and so that the rain would less wet the site.

The sidewall was sewn up with a board - so that the rain would get less

Laid soft tiles. It turned out - at least dance.

Now there's competition in the parking lot.

How to make a canopy for polycarbonate (photo report)

Used materials:

professional pipe
- for racks 80*80 14.6 m;
- for arches 50 * 25 - 4 pcs. 6 m + 50 * 25 - 10 pcs. 6 m each for spacers;
sand concrete - 3 bags of 40 kg.
crushed stone - 4 bags of 25 kg.
minium - 3 cans of 1 liter.

The canopy was made over the already finished track. The pillars were buried in the gap between the curb and the fence. It turned out that the supports of the canopy were placed near the fence posts. It was decided to use them when setting the level: they attached them with anchors so as not to suffer when pouring.

The metal pillars of the racks were dug into the ground at a depth of 1.2 m, covered with crushed stone, and poured with concrete. When the concrete had set, the top trim was welded on.

After that, the production of farms began. First, profiles with the required radius were bent on a pipe bender (rise at the highest point 1.2 m). After the assembly of the "designer" began.

Clamps were useful, they fastened parts so that they would not move during work. Fixed to the first farm, so that everything was done exactly. There were a lot of clamps

When all the trusses were ready, they were cleaned, sanded to white metal, then primed and painted twice. Then the acrobatics began. It is necessary to install heavy trusses on poles, set them vertically, without knocking down the diagonal.

As soon as it was possible to set it correctly, they quickly grabbed it by welding, leaving a thorough welding of the seams “for later”, after the final check: everything should be on the same level.

A miracle happened, everything turned out to be almost on the same level. A small difference of a few millimeters is not taken into account.

Now we weld a crate from a 50 * 25 mm profile pipe for polycarbonate. we place them along the long side of the canopy. The installation step is 0.8 m.

It remains to attach polycarbonate. It is attached to self-tapping screws through special thermal washers (sold in the same place as polycarbonate). Two sheets are connected using special profiles. They are detachable and non-detachable. One-piece ones are cheaper, but then you can’t do anything else from this polycarbonate. So we used detachable ones.

It is also necessary to close the edges of all sheets, otherwise dust, midges will fill inside, then moisture will appear due to evaporation, followed by mold. And the view of the coating will be deplorable. Therefore, we install special plugs on the edges.

Construction materials

To choose the most correct building material for installation, pay attention to the general appearance of the site itself. That is, it should emphasize the advantage of your home, become an addition to the overall landscape design. Now they take into account the material side of construction, that is, the amount of finance that they are ready to spend on construction.

Materials for the frame, supports

For the construction of these structural elements, different building materials can be used. Mainly:

Metal. This material does not require special skills in construction. Usually, these are pipes made of metal, and its elements are fastened to each other by welding or rivets. The radius of the pipes for the supporting structure should, on average, be no more than 5 centimeters, and the thickness of the metal should be at least 2.5 mm. It has many positive characteristics. Such as:

metal has increased strength;
when using additional equipment, it is possible to give metal elements a different shape;
Moisture is not terrible for metal.

The negative characteristics include:

metal is a building material that is subject to corrosion;
if there are no skills in welding, then the cost of a specialist will be expensive;
additional treatment with a primer or paints and varnishes is required;

Reference!

Metal elements are perfectly combined with polycarbonate sheets or metal profiles.

Tree. This is one of the most convenient building materials in the processing that are used in construction. The benefits of wood include:

low cost of the material;
practicality;
ease of processing.

For negatives:

with prolonged exposure to moisture, adverse weather conditions, it can rot;
should be protected from insects that can cause irreparable harm;
for a longer service life of the material, additional processing by special means is required.

Wooden structures look great visually with any finishing materials. In the construction of supports, it is customary to use a wooden beam with a diameter of 10 by 10 centimeters. It is best to strengthen them with railings.

Forged frames. They endow the structure with airiness, lightness and elegance. The elegance of the whole structure is emphasized by decorative details. The advantages of this material are durability and a sophisticated look, also note that forged supports can withstand a lot of weight. With all the pluses, there is a main minus - this is a high price.
From stone or brick. Basically, frames from these building materials are erected when it is necessary to emphasize the architecture of not only the house itself, but also all the buildings on the site.

The advantages of such structures are known to all. For example, brick, stone are durable building materials. They are not afraid of sudden changes in temperature and the negative impact of weather conditions. There are much fewer minuses than pluses - natural stone is expensive. To reduce the cost, you can cheat a little. To begin with, build a metal frame, and then cover it with natural stone.

Roof construction materials

Before you begin to mount the roof, it is worth determining what building material will be used. The roof can be built from:

Metal tiles.
Slate.
polycarbonate.
metal profile.
And other materials.

If it is used temporarily, then the frame can be covered with an awning fabric as a roofing material or plastic wrap can be dispensed with.

Choice of location, project

Before you start building, choose a place where it will look organic and perform the functions assigned to it.

How to correctly determine the location? Here the project that you can choose plays a huge role.

Built-in is a design that is planned at the stage of construction of the main house. It is part of the overall architecture.
Attached, that is, adjacent to the house. This type is additionally attached to the house. Also, its dismantling is fast.
Separate. It stands independently of other buildings on the site.

It is also worth taking into account that they are additionally divided into several more subtypes, which make it clear how mobile it can be.

static, that is, the design of such a canopy cannot be transferred to another place;
collapsible canopy is used for temporary use;
a sliding canopy is mainly installed as an addition to the house and, if necessary, is moved apart.

When choosing a project, building materials in construction, the external form is of great importance. It must be taken into account that there are materials that are not plastic. That is why it is impossible to create any form when using them.

In their form, they can be as follows:

Straight with single or double pitched roof.
Arched or domed.
Decorative complex look.

After the canopy project is selected, the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure is calculated. This is necessary in order to draw up an estimate for building materials that will be used in construction.

Important!

A prerequisite is the number of supports, but when choosing an attached view, they will be needed only on one side. Because the second side will rest on the wall of the house.

Since many owners of country houses, if they decide to build an extension, they prefer buildings that will be used for several years. To ensure that the structure does not deform and, ultimately, does not collapse, it is worth paying attention to:

Try to calculate the amount of precipitation in winter, as well as the total amount for 365 days.
The speed of winds that can have a destructive effect in sudden gusts.
The design and type of foundation used in the construction of the main house.
Are the walls to which the canopy structure will be attached reliable.

Now you need to draw a drawing. It should show the smallest details. It is necessary to scale the drawing in accordance with the actual indicators of the canopy in length and width. These data will give a clear picture of the amount of building material needed.

Canopy installation

All preparatory stages have been completed, construction materials have been purchased. Now you can proceed to the direct construction of the canopy. The main thing is to follow the sequence of actions and follow the instructions step by step.

Foundation construction

For the installation of a canopy, which is attached to the house, a foundation of two types is used:

concrete;
columnar.

It is best to use the same type of foundation that was used in the construction of the house. This is what will reduce the displacement and deformation of the canopy structural elements during operation.

First, you need to dig a hole no more than 35 centimeters deep. After filling it with gravel or gravel. On the surface, the bulk material is well compacted and leveled.

Since the electrical wires that will be used in the future in lighting the canopy are laid on a par with the fundamental foundation, this must be done now.

When choosing a columnar type of foundation, wells are drilled with a diameter of 15-20, and a depth of 50-55 centimeters. The soles of the wells are covered with sand. This is necessary to rid the foundation of the effects of groundwater. Wells are located at the corners of the canopy. It is in these places that the load on him is impressive. Pipes commensurate in diameter are placed in the wells and fixed with concrete. In order to save the columnar foundation from early rusting, the pipes at the base are best covered with roofing material or a thick plastic film.

When erecting a concrete foundation, they dig a trench equal to the perimeter of the canopy. It should be at least 40-45 centimeters wide and about 55 centimeters deep. Sand is placed at the bottom - the layer thickness is at least 15 centimeters. Place gravel or fine gravel on it. After that, everything is poured with a mixture of concrete. The support is installed before the foundation is poured. This will provide greater structural strength.

Frame assembly

The frame of the building is directly attached to the finished foundation with the help of self-tapping screws and corners. When mounting a metal frame, the elements are welded together and fastened with metal screws.

Important!

The location of all parts of the canopy is checked using the building level.

The next step after installing the frame itself is the installation of the roof sheathing. Observe the drawings and the design of the canopy. If the roof should be a curved structure, then a transverse crossbar is additionally installed. It reinforces the load-bearing beams. The other side of the structure is attached to the wall of the house with a beam that is attached to it. You can bring it under the roof of the house or put additional support poles and mount the crate on them.

There are several types of fasteners:

By welding. The reinforcement to which the attachment takes place must be built into the overall structure of the main house. The most reliable of all types of fastening.
With a bracket.
When installing support beams that are screwed to the wall of the house. Requires additional installation of supports near the facade.

Roof installation

It is easy to build a shed or gable curved roof. It should be located at a slight angle, which is equal to 50 degrees. There are a few more simple rules:

build a frame for the roof;
the type of fasteners depends on what building material is used in the decoration;
the roof, or rather its edges, must be larger than the supporting structure;
when mounting the roof on the building material from which it will be built, markup is applied;
according to this markup, the future roof is cut;
do not forget in which direction the gutters on the roofing leaves are directed (they are directed from the top down);
the last thing they do is install a drain system.

Now consider the nuances of installing a roof, depending on the type of building material:

Metal profile or corrugated canopy. It is characterized by laying only on a flat roof surface. It is also forbidden to move on metal sheets. Cutting is carried out with a special tool - scissors. It is best to mount a canopy to a house from a metal profile from the bottom of the roof, overlapping. Fastening occurs due to self-tapping screws with seals. For one sq.m. roofing material requires 6-8 self-tapping screws. If there are external damage, then they must be painted over.
Polycarbonate sheets. This material is durable and lightweight. It's easy to work with him. There are three types of this building material:

monolithic;
cellular;
profiled.

The choice is made according to the following parameters:

sheet thickness should not be less than six millimeters;
only those sheets are suitable that are even in structure and without unnecessary inclusions;
make sure that the selected sheets are strong and elastic;
laying occurs with a protective layer outside.

For the construction of a canopy made of polycarbonate, a frame made of both wood and metal is suitable.

Metal tile. To install this type of roof requires special skills and tools. For example, such as a grinder or metal shears. Installation of this type of roof is carried out from top to bottom. Overlap.

Floor installation

Mounting floors refers to the arrangement. Here you can choose the floor covering that is considered optimal and worthy. Any finishing material from wood to porcelain stoneware slabs and paving slabs will do.

decoration

To decorate the design, you can choose any design concept. The main thing is that it emphasizes and combines with the overall landscape design of the site and the appearance of the main house.

For decoration can be used:

flowerpots with flowers;
planter;
wicker weaving;
forged items.

There is no limit to the manifestation of creative abilities. Create and embody the most daring ideas.

Properly planned land plots can save space and make it unique. A canopy is a decoration of the facades of the main house. It emphasizes his individuality and respectability. If you approach its construction wisely, then you will have a comfortable place on the site for evening gatherings with family and friends, as well as a cozy place to relax in the fresh air. In the photo you will find many projects and decor elements for attached structures.