Presentation on the topic "biography of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy". Biography Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy short biography presentation
Biography of Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828 - 1910)
PEDIGREE
Great-grandfather Andrei Ivanovich served as president of the Main Moscow magistrate.
His two sons served the Fatherland: Pyotr Andreevich, an associate of Peter I, Ilya Andreevich, an officer of the Preobrazhensky regiment. He married the daughter of the Minister of War, Pelageya Nikolaevna Gorchakova.
The son of Ilya Andreevich, Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a participant in the War of 1812, in 1820 married Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, the daughter of a retired general, close to Catherine II. Children were born in the family
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana on 08/28/1828. When Lyovushka was 2 years old, his mother died. The closest person was a distant relative of Pelageya Nikolaevna's grandmother, Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya.
Moving to Kazan in 1841.
Here in 1844 L. Tolstoy entered Kazan University. He has been attending classes at the Faculty of Philosophy (Department of Arabic-Turkish Literature) for a year and two years at the Faculty of Law.
Leo Tolstoy left the University in 1847
THE CAUCASUS AND THE CRIMEAN WAR
In 1851, together with his older brother Nikolai L. Tolstoy, he left for the Caucasus to join the army, where he served first as a volunteer and then as a junior artillery officer.
With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war, L. Tolstoy submits a memorandum on his transfer to the Danube army. As an artillery officer of the fourth bastion, he took part in the defense of Sevastopol.
He returned home at the end of 1855 with the Order of St. Anna "For Courage" and medals "For the Defense of Sevastopol."
Literary activity in the first half of the 1850s
1852 - the story "Childhood", published in "Sovremennik", later it published "Boyhood" (1854) and
"Youth" (1856).
In 1855 L. Tolstoy finished work on "Sevastopol Stories"
Literary activity in the second half of the 50s.
Returning from Sevastopol, Leo Tolstoy plunged into the literary environment of St. Petersburg.
In 1857 and 1860-61, Leo Tolstoy made trips abroad to European countries. However, I did not find any heartfelt comfort here.
1857 - the stories "Albert", "From the notes of Prince Nekhlyudov", the story "Lucerne"
1859 - the story "Three Deaths"
Pedagogical activities
Back in 1849, Leo Tolstoy began classes with peasant children.
In 1859 he opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana.
In 1872, L. Tolstoy wrote the "ABC", which was published 28 times during the life of the writer.
Life and creative maturity (1860-1870s)
1863-69 years - "War and Peace"
1873-77 - Anna Karenina.
According to the writer, in the first work he was dear to "people's thought", in the second - "family thought."
Shortly after publication, both novels were translated into foreign languages.
SPIRITUAL CRISIS
1882 year. Completed autobiographical work "Confession": "I renounced the life of our circle ..."
In the years 1880-1890, Leo Tolstoy created a number of religious works in which he outlined his understanding of the Christian doctrine.
In 1901, the Holy Synod excommunicated Leo Tolstoy from the church.
Literary activity 1880-1890
In the early 1889s, Leo Tolstoy's views on art changed significantly. He came to the conclusion that he should write not "for gentlemen", but for "Ignatov and their children"
1889-1899 - "Resurrection"
1886 - "The Death of Ivan Ilyich"
1887-89 "The Kreutzer Sonata"
1896 1904 - "Hadji Murad"
1903 - "After the Ball"
FAMILY LIFE
In 1862, Lev Nikolaevich married the daughter of a Moscow doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers. After the wedding, the young people immediately leave for Yasnaya Polyana.
Last years.
The relationship with his wife and children was tense. They finally deteriorated after a secretly written will, according to which the family was deprived of the right to the writer's literary heritage.
On the night of October 27-28, 1910, Leo Tolstoy secretly left his home and went to the south of Russia, where he planned to stay with familiar peasants.
Sections: Literature
Lesson objectives:
- to acquaint students with the life and worldview of the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy;
- arouse interest in the personality and work of the author;
- develop the ability of students to take notes: identify and write down the main thoughts, theses.
Equipment:
- portrait of L.N. Tolstoy;
- PowerPoint presentation ( Application);
- an exhibition of books with the works of L.N. Tolstoy;
- illustrations for the works of Leo Tolstoy.
"Tolstoy is the greatest and only
genius of modern Europe, the highest
pride of Russia, man, one name
which is a fragrance, a writer
great purity and shrine ... "
A.A. Block
During the classes
I. Introductory speech of the teacher.
This year would mark the 180th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian writer Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy. His works have entered the treasury of world literature: they are studied in schools and universities, they are read by both Russian and foreign readers.
Today you will learn about the fate of this talented person. I hope that this acquaintance will awaken interest in the writer's work and worldview, make it possible to better understand his works, take a fresh look at the works already read.
And I would like to start with the words of A.A. Blok, which are included in the epigraph to our lesson"Tolstoy is the greatest and only genius of modern Europe, the highest pride of Russia, a man whose only name is a fragrance, a writer of great purity and sacredness ..."
II. Registration of the recording of the topic of the lesson and the epigraph in the notebook.
III. Presentation of the biography of Leo Tolstoy - lecture by the teacher. The class makes a short summary of the lecture.
Count Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - a descendant of two noble noble families: Counts Tolstoy and princes Volkonsky (on the maternal side) - was born on August 28 (September 9) in the Yasnaya Polyana estate. Here he lived most of his life, wrote most of his works, including the novels that entered the golden fund of world literature: War and Peace, Anna Karenina, Resurrection.
"Joyful period of childhood"
Slides 6-7.
Tolstoy was the fourth child in a large noble family. His mother, nee Princess Volkonskaya, died when Tolstoy was not yet two years old, but according to the stories of family members he had a good idea of "her spiritual appearance": some mother's features (brilliant education, sensitivity to art, a tendency to reflection and even portrait likeness Tolstoy gave Princess Marya Nikolaevna Bolkonskaya ("War and Peace"). Tolstoy's father, a participant in the Patriotic War, remembered by the writer for his good-natured, mocking character, love of reading, for hunting (served as a prototype for Nikolai Rostov), also died early (1837). a distant relative of T. A. Ergolskaya, who had a huge influence on Tolstoy, was studying: “she taught me the spiritual pleasure of love.” Childhood memories have always remained the most joyful for Tolstoy: family legends, the first impressions of the life of a noble estate served as rich material for his works, reflected in the autobiographical story "Childhood".
Kazan University
Slide 8
When Tolstoy was 13 years old, the family moved to Kazan, to the house of PI Yushkova, a relative and guardian of the children. In 1844, Tolstoy entered the Kazan University, the department of oriental languages of the Philosophy Faculty, then transferred to the Faculty of Law, where he studied for less than two years: his classes did not arouse keen interest in him and he passionately devoted himself to secular entertainment. In the spring of 1847, having filed a letter of resignation from the university "for health and domestic reasons," Tolstoy left for Yasnaya Polyana with the firm intention to study the entire course of jurisprudence (to pass the exam as an external student), "practical medicine", languages, agriculture, history, geographic statistics, write a thesis and "achieve the highest degree of excellence in music and painting."
After a summer in the countryside, in the fall of 1847, Tolstoy went first to Moscow, then to Petersburg, to take the candidate's examinations at the university. His lifestyle during this period often changed: he spent days preparing and taking exams, then he passionately devoted himself to music, then he intended to start an official career, then he dreamed of joining a cavalry regiment as a cadet. Religious moods, reaching asceticism, alternated with carousing, cards, trips to the gypsies. However, it was these years that were colored by intense self-analysis and struggle with oneself, which is reflected in the diary that Tolstoy kept throughout his life. It was then that he developed a serious desire to write and the first unfinished art sketches appeared.
"War and Freedom"
In 1851, Nikolai's elder brother, an officer in the army, persuaded Tolstoy to go to the Caucasus together. For almost three years Tolstoy lived in a Cossack village on the banks of the Terek, traveling to Kizlyar, Tiflis, Vladikavkaz and participating in hostilities (first voluntarily, then he was recruited). The Caucasian nature and the patriarchal simplicity of the Cossack life, which amazed Tolstoy in contrast with the life of the noble circle and with the painful reflection of a person in an educated society, provided material for the autobiographical story "Cossacks" (1852-63). Caucasian impressions were reflected in the stories " Raid " (), "Logging" (), as well as in the late story "Hadji Murad" (1896-1904, published in 1912). Returning to Russia, Tolstoy wrote in his diary that he fell in love with this "wild land, in which so strangely and poetically two most opposite things are combined - war and freedom." In the Caucasus, Tolstoy wrote the story "Childhood" and sent it to the magazine "Sovremennik" without disclosing his name (published under the initials L.N .; together with the later stories "Adolescence", 1852-54, and "Youth", 1855– 57, compiled an autobiographical trilogy). His literary debut immediately brought real recognition to Tolstoy.
In 1854 Tolstoy was assigned to the Danube Army in Bucharest. Boring staff life soon forced him to transfer to the Crimean army, to the besieged Sevastopol, where he commanded a battery on the 4th bastion, showing rare personal courage (awarded the Order of St. Anna and medals). In Crimea, Tolstoy was seized by new impressions and literary plans, here he began to write a cycle of "Sevastopol stories", soon published and had great success (even Alexander II read the essay "Sevastopol in December"). The first works of Tolstoy amazed literary critics with the boldness of psychological analysis and a detailed picture of the "dialectic of the soul" (N. G. Chernyshevsky). Some ideas that appeared in these years make it possible to guess in the young artillery officer of the late Tolstoy preacher: he dreamed of "founding a new religion" - "the religion of Christ, but purified of faith and mystery, a practical religion."
In the circle of writers and abroad
The years of the turning point abruptly changed the personal biography of the writer, turning into a break with the social environment and leading to family discord (the renunciation of private property proclaimed by Tolstoy caused sharp discontent among family members, primarily his wife). The personal drama experienced by Tolstoy was reflected in his diary entries.
In late autumn 1910, at night, secretly from his family, 82-year-old Tolstoy, accompanied only by his personal doctor D.P. Makovitsky, left Yasnaya Polyana. The road turned out to be unbearable for him: on the way, Tolstoy fell ill and had to get off the train at the small Astapovo railway station. Here, at the station master's house, he spent the last seven days of his life. All of Russia followed the reports about the health of Tolstoy, who by this time had already acquired world fame not only as a writer, but also as a religious thinker, preacher of a new faith. The funeral of Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana was a nationwide event.
Closing remarks from the teacher:
Leo Tolstoy is a genius artist of words, whose interest in his work not only does not diminish over the years, but, on the contrary, grows. Being in search of truth all his life, he shares his discoveries and experiences in his works. Tolstoy's works can be re-read repeatedly, each time finding more and more new thoughts in them. Therefore, I would like to end this lesson with the words of A. France: “With his life he proclaims sincerity, directness, purposefulness, firmness, calm and constant heroism, he teaches that one must be truthful and one must be strong ... Precisely because he was full of strength , he was always truthful! "
Homework recording.
References:
- Mayorova O.E. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - Biography.
- Materials of the site www.yasnayapolyana.ru.
- Big encyclopedic reference book of the student on literature. - M., 2005
Elena Antipova
Leo Tolstoy presentation
a lion Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in the Yasnaya Polyana estate, Tula province. He was the fourth child in a large noble family. Tolstoy was orphaned early... His mother died when he was not yet two years old, and at the age of nine he lost his father as well. Guardian of five children Tolstoy became an aunt - Alexandra Osten-Saken. The two older children moved to their aunt in Moscow, while the younger ones remained in Yasnaya Polyana. The most important and dear memories of Leo's early childhood are connected with the family estate. Tolstoy.
Alexandra Osten-Saken died in 1841, and Thick moved to aunt Pelageya Yushkova in Kazan. Three years after the move, Leo Tolstoy decided to enter the prestigious Imperial Kazan University. However, he did not like studying, he considered exams a formality, and university professors - incompetent. Tolstoy did not even try to get a scientific degree, in Kazan he was more attracted by secular entertainment.
In April 1847, Leo's student life Tolstoy ended... He inherited his part of the estate, including his beloved Yasnaya Polyana, and immediately went home without receiving a higher education. In the family estate Tolstoy I tried to improve my life and start writing. He made his plan education: study languages, history, medicine, mathematics, geography, law, agriculture, natural sciences. However, he soon came to the conclusion that it was easier to make plans than to implement them.
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Open lesson on fiction for senior preschoolers “A. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio" Topic: A. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Buratino". Program content: Continue to acquaint children with the fairy tale “The Golden Key.
Synopsis of the lesson in the 5th grade of the correctional school "A. Tolstoy "Now the last snow is melting" Class: 5 Lesson topic: A. Tolstoy "The last snow is already melting" Lesson objectives: To acquaint with the poem by A. Tolstoy "The last snow is melting.
Purpose: Development of cognitive and creative activity of children. Creation of crafts from plasticine by children - "Lion". Objectives: 1. Teach children to share.
Age group: second junior Form of organization and number of children: teamwork (group of 15 people) Program objectives: 1.
In 1844, Tolstoy entered Kazan University to study oriental languages, but after three years he dropped out, as she quickly got bored. When Tolstoy turned 23, he and his older brother Nikolai left to fight in the Caucasus. During his service in Tolstoy, the writer wakes up, and he begins his famous cycle - a trilogy, which describes moments from childhood to adolescence. And also Lev Nikolayevich writes several autobiographical stories and short stories (such as "Logging", "Cossacks").
Finding himself on his allotment, Lev Nikolaevich creates his own system of pedagogy and opens a school, and also begins to engage in educational activities. Fully passionate about this type of activity, he leaves for Europe to get acquainted with schools. In 1862, Tolstoy married a young Sofya Andreevna Bers - and immediately left with his wife to Yasnaya Polyana, where he was fully engaged in family life and household chores.
But by the fall of 1863 he began work on his most fundamental work, War and Peace. Then, from 1873 to 1877, the novel "Anna Karenina" was created. During this period of time, Tolstoy's worldview is fully formed, which bears a self-explanatory name - "Tolstoyism", the whole essence of which is well depicted in such works of the writer as "The Kreutzer Sonata", "What is Your Faith", "Confession".
And in 1899 the novel "Resurrection" was published, which describes the main provisions of the teachings of the brilliant author. Late in the autumn night, Tolstoy, who at that time was 82 years old, together with his attending physician, secretly leaves Yasnaya Polyana. But on the way, the writer falls ill and gets off the train at Astapovo, Ryazan-Uralskaya station.
The presentation "Tolstoy" will make the lesson fun, grab the attention of students and help to better remember important information due to a well-thought-out structure of the material. The slides have been adapted for children to make literature classes more effective. Not every child perceives new knowledge by ear; someone needs to consolidate what he heard visually. The presentation on Tolstoy's biography is filled not only with information about the life of the writer, but also contains portraits, images, illustrations. The method of visual consolidation contributes to better assimilation of the material and consolidation of it in memory for a long time.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is known to everyone for his unique style and written masterpieces. But not only the works arouse increased interest, the personality of the writer is also unique, he had an interesting childhood, which is now mentioned in the process of getting to know the fate of the writer. The life and work of Tolstoy are amazing and unusual, and a visual presentation of a fascinating lecture will help to familiarize schoolchildren with literary discoveries.
You can view the slides on the website or download the presentation on the topic "Tolstoy" in PowerPoint format from the link below.
Biography of Tolstoy 
Pedigree 
Parents 
Childhood 
Manor 
Studies 
Caucasus and Crimean War 
Russian-Turkish war 
Literary activity in the first half of the 1850s 
Literary activity in the second half of the 1850s 
Pedagogical activities 
Life and creative maturity 
Spiritual crisis 
Literary activity 1880-1890 
Family life 
Spouse 
Children 
Last years 
Death
